Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xamoterol is a partial beta 1-adrenergic agonist that has combined beta 1-stimulating and beta 1-blocking actions. We studied the effects of xamoterol on hemodynamics and regional left ventricular (LV) function after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in eight anesthetized dogs. Left ventricular systolic wall thickening (%WT: sonomicrometry) was measured in nonischemic, marginal, and ischemic zones. Xamoterol (350 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased the maximum LV pressure (dP/dt) by 62% and aortic flow (AOF) by 52% and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) but did not change heart rate (HR) and peak LV pressure (LVP). Xamoterol increased %WT in nonischemic (23.6 +/- 2.3 to 35.1 +/- 2.6%, p less than 0.05) and marginal (5.0 +/- 0.6 to 12.0 +/- 1.5%, p less than 0.05), but not in the ischemic region [-5.7 +/- 0.7 to -2.7 +/- 0.3%, not significant (NS)]. The beta 1-blocking action of xamoterol was evaluated. Xamoterol significantly attenuated the increase in HR and maximum dP/dt caused by isoproterenol (0.1 microgram/kg/min). %WT in each region was maintained at the level caused by xamoterol after isoproterenol. Thus, xamoterol improved cardiac function, yet prevented excessive stimulation by catecholamine in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Effects of the partial beta 1-adrenergic agonist, xamoterol, on hemodynamics and regional myocardial function during acute coronary occlusion in dogs. 168 11

Xamoterol ('Corwin', 'Carwin', 'Corwil', 'Xamtol', ICI118, 587)*, a partial beta-agonist, has beneficial effects in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. In acute haemodynamic studies in more severe heart failure some patients have shown negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, although treatment with a partial agonist should protect the heart against excessive stimulation, while providing a baseline level of sympathetic drive. This study examined the effects of oral xamoterol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. Ten patients were studied, nine with ischaemic heart disease. All but one were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional Class III. Other treatment, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, was continued. The patients underwent a standard bicycle exercise test, and the following day cardiac catheterization was performed to obtain measurements of ventricular size (by cineangiography) and pressures during the cardiac cycle. The patients began treatment with xamoterol 200 mg b.d. in addition to their baseline therapy, and this was continued for an average of 9 weeks, after which the exercise test and the haemodynamic investigations were repeated. At baseline, all patients had a raised left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and nine had a low election fraction, raised end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices and reduced left ventricular (+) dP/dtmax Xamoterol produced a marked reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, a fall in end-systolic volume index and improvements in T1, (+) dP/dtmax and (dP/dt)/DP40 with no change in mean aortic pressure. Duration of exercise increased in four patients, and did not change in the other four tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical experience of therapy with xamoterol in patients with severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction. 197 87

Xamoterol has been shown in large, double-blind studies to produce benefit in patients with heart failure. Ischaemic heart disease is the commonest cause of heart failure in the Western World and many patients with heart failure also have angina pectoris (Califf et al., 1982). In view of the known anti-ischaemic effects of xamoterol, we analysed the results of a subgroup of 269 patients with heart failure but without chest pain as a limiting factor on exercise to compare the efficacy of xamoterol in such patients with that of the total group. There were no differences in exercise heart rate, exercise tolerance and symptoms in patients without chest pain compared with the total group. Xamoterol is probably, therefore, acting through myocardial mechanisms other than an anti-ischaemic effect.
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PMID:Xamoterol in mild to moderate heart failure: a subgroup analysis of patients with cardiomegaly but no concomitant angina pectoris. 257 58

The effects of xamoterol (200 mg twice a day) in 21 patients with left ventricular dysfunction were studied in a double blind, randomised, crossover, placebo controlled trial with treatment periods of four weeks. Most patients had moderate heart failure (New York Heart Association class II), all had ischaemic heart disease, a history of a myocardial infarction, and symptoms of dyspnoea on exertion. Patients were assessed in terms of exercise duration (bicycle ergometer), clinical signs of heart failure, symptoms and activities, and ejection fraction. Xamoterol increased exercise duration (mean (SD] (from 445 (8) seconds to 484 (8) seconds) and ejection fraction (from 41.9 (1.3)% to 46.6 (1.3)%) and reduced the signs and symptoms of heart failure. The results of this study show that xamoterol is a safe and effective treatment for left ventricular dysfunction resulting from ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Effects of xamoterol, a beta 1 adrenoceptor partial agonist, in patients with ischaemic dysfunction of the left ventricle. 257 49