Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progress has recently been made in implementing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that can be used to obtain images in a fraction of a second rather than in minutes. Echo-planar imaging (EPI) uses only one nuclear spin excitation per image and lends itself to a variety of critical medical and scientific applications. Among these are evaluation of cardiac function in real time, mapping of water diffusion and temperature in tissue, mapping of organ blood pool and perfusion, functional imaging of the central nervous system, depiction of blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics, and movie imaging of the mobile fetus in utero. Through shortened patient examination times, higher patient throughput, and lower cost per MRI examination, EPI may become a powerful tool for early diagnosis of some common and potentially treatable diseases such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
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PMID:Echo-planar imaging: magnetic resonance imaging in a fraction of a second. 192 60

Experimental myocardial infarction was induced in rats. The myocardial accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) and water during the development of infarction was measured. The extractable HA content of the infarcted area increased progressively from day 1 and on day 3 reached a threefold increase compared with the HA amounts in myocardium of sham operated controls. The relative water content of infarcted areas also increased progressively reaching a maximum value by day 3 and was strongly correlated with the HA accumulation. Affinity histochemistry visualized a thin rim of HA in the endoperimysium in healthy myocardium. By day 2 an interstitial edema with inflammatory cells was apparent. The widened endoperimysium stained extensively for HA. By its water-binding ability, interstitial accumulation of HA will contribute to the interstitial edema in infarcted myocardial tissue. An interstitial edema is likely to influence the electromechanical characteristics of the myocardium and facilitate reentry phenomena due to a loss of contact between muscle cells. The edema also induces an increased extracellular pressure and an altered myocardial wall compliance that might impair myocardial microcirculation. The findings are relevant to an understanding of the beneficial effect of hyaluronidase treatment in limiting cellular damage during myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Accumulation of hyaluronan and tissue edema in experimental myocardial infarction. 193 49

A study is presented of the central hemodynamics, renal function and water-salt metabolism in 42 patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic circulatory insufficiency (grades I and II) and revealed a deterioration of these indices in this categories of patients manifested in a retention of sodium, deterioration of central hemodynamics after increase of venous inflow.
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PMID:[Central hemodynamics, kidney functions and water-salt metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and an increased venous blood return to the heart]. 201 95

In a previous report, a large regional variation was reported in total mortality and mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in mid-Sweden. In this report, IHD prevalence and risk factor data are presented. A postal questionnaire was sent out to a random sample of men aged 45-64 years in each of 40 communities. 14,675 men (88%) responded. Based on a validity study, IHD cases were defined as those with a history of myocardial infarction and/or angina pectoris. Age, smoking habits, antihypertensive treatment, body mass index, food habits, stress and physical activity during leisure time were used as risk factors. IHD prevalence showed the same geographical variation as IHD mortality, with a low prevalence in the east and a high prevalence in the west. There was a moderate variation in risk factor levels over the 40 communities. When this variation was taken into account the geographical IHD variation was somewhat smaller but still substantial. Other factors may involve socio-economics, drinking water qualities, mineral soil content or other environmental factors. Which of these cause the largest IHD variation is at present unknown, but is subject to systematic examination in this project.
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PMID:Are regional variations in ischaemic heart disease related to differences in coronary risk factors? The project 'myocardial infarction in mid-Sweden'. 204 Mar 12

Data on the hardness of drinking water were collected from 27 municipalities in Sweden where the drinking water quality had remained unchanged for more than 20 years. Analyses were made of the levels of lead, cadmium, calcium, and magnesium. These water-quality data were compared with the age-adjusted mortality rate from ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease for the period 1969-1978. Lead and cadmium were not present in detectable amounts except in one water sample. A statistically significant inverse relationship was present between hardness and mortality from cardiovascular disease for both sexes. Mortality caused by ischemic heart disease was inversely related to the magnesium content, particularly for the men (P less than 0.01). The rather small set of data supports results from previous studies suggesting that a high magnesium level in drinking water reduces the risk for death from ischemic heart disease, especially among men, although the possible importance of confounding factors needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and cardiovascular mortality. 204 17

Tilest 500 contains tiletamine and the water-soluble benzodiazepine zolazepam in the ratio 1:1. The drug was administered intramuscularly in ten dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg bwt of tiletamine and 10 mg/kg bwt of zolazepam and tested for its effects on hemodynamics, respiration, and the antagonistic effect of flumazenil. Initial effects occurred quickly, analgesia and muscle relaxation were excellent 10 minutes after administration. There was a highly significant increase in heart rate and a slight decrease in both mean arterial blood pressure and arterial pO2. In a second group of ten dogs the interventricular paraconal branch of the left coronary artery was ligated which induced local myocardial ischemia. Here Tilest 500 showed electrostabilizing and antifibrillatory properties even in the presence of severe arrhythmias. The benzodiazepine compound of this drug combination can be antagonized by flumazenil. To avoid excitatory reactions flumazenil should not be injected earlier than 45 to 60 minutes after administration of Tilest 500.
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PMID:[Anesthesia in dogs with the combination preparation Tilest 500]. 204 1

The effects of long-term treatment with diltiazem on the heart in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied. Diltiazem was added to the drinking fluid (900 mg/liter) and given ad libitum from 19 to 26 weeks of age, whereas tap water was given to the control animals. Although diltiazem did not decrease blood pressure in SHR, it decelerated the increase in their left ventricular weight (p less than 0.01). Hearts were removed and perfused by the working heart technique for 15 min, and then global ischemia was induced for either 10 or 30 min. The ischemic heart was reperfused for 30 min. The extent of recovery of coronary flow after reperfusion, following 30 min of ischemia in the diltiazem-treated SHR, was higher than that in the control SHR (p less than 0.01). The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CrP), and energy charge potential in the SHR heart reperfused after 30 min of ischemia were lower than those in the reperfused WKY heart (p less than 0.01, respectively). Diltiazem improved the restoration of ATP and CrP and prevented the decrease in energy charge potential in SHR after reperfusion following 30 min of ischemia (p less than 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, long-term treatment of SHR with diltiazem may protect the myocardium when myocardial ischemia occurs.
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PMID:Response of isolated perfused heart to ischemia after long-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with diltiazem. 213 6

Environmental pollution is one of the leading causes in the increase of morbidity and premature mortality observed in the population. The establishment of an appropriate information system is suggested as data concerning the occurrence, severity, and attendant social and economic loss of working time and disability have shown an incidence of 80% in the ordinary and professional work force. A mathematical model was set up employing 2 differing environments: one polluted from the emissions of cars, chemical, metal, and construction industry plants, and the other without these pollutants. The model relied on coefficients by comparing standardized morbidity rates derived from the incidence of chronic respiratory diseases per 100 workers. The model was applied in 2 cities in southern Kazakhstan, Russia, during 1986-88: Tsimkent and Aris both with the similar climate and working population of similar age and sex breakdown. Tsimkent had much heavier pollution from cars, plumbing, chemical, refinery, and construction industry plants. All diseases and pathological conditions were higher in Tsimkent than in Aris except for infections attributable to an incomplete water supply and sewerage system. Respiratory organ diseases were 29.1% higher and circulatory diseases were 22.8% higher. The incidence of ischemic heart disease was more than 3 times higher in Tsimkent. The increased percentage of various diseases was 67.2% for upper respiratory diseases, 33.3% for pneumonia, and 18.8% for severe, chronic diseases of the respiratory organs. The duration of illnesses was also longer. As a result in Tsimkent the annual loss of work days was 214.2/100 workers, 48.1% of which were due to respiratory and circulatory diseases. The resultant economic loss was calculated at 326,400 man days (214.2 days/100 workers 169,200 workers in the city and divided by 100), the equivalent of 6.5 million rubles.
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PMID:[Methodological approaches to the evaluation of the effects of environmental pollution on morbidity of the population]. 214 19

The physiological demands of sailing are highly specific, varying with wind conditions, type of craft, and crew position. In a light wind, the only physiological variable yet shown to influence performance is the resting blood sugar. Under high wind conditions, the skipper should be light (less than 60 kg), but crew members should be heavy (greater than 80 kg). Height does not seem a great advantage to crew, possibly because they then lack the muscular strength to exploit the added leverage. Muscle strength, endurance and a tolerance of anaerobic metabolism are all desirable attributes of crew, and competitive performance can be improved by a winter training programme that develops these aspects of muscle performance in the abdominal and thigh regions. The skipper must meet intense and prolonged cerebral demands in the face of periodic isometric work; performance may thus be helped by ingestion of carbohydrate over the course of a race. The ability to sustain isometric contractions in the 'hiking' position may also be improved if the muscles are preloaded with glycogen. The combination of a heavy body build, above average age for an athlete and sustained isometric contraction probably makes the yachting enthusiast vulnerable to ischaemic heart disease. Advisors to a sailing team must further take account of the risks presented by immersion in cold water, loss of sleep, circadian variations of performance over an event, and problems of motion sickness in rough weather.
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PMID:The biology and medicine of sailing. 218 27

In initial studies using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in normal fasted subjects, we observed disparities in the regional myocardial accumulation of this tracer. Accordingly, we systematically evaluated regional myocardial FDG accumulation in comparison with regional myocardial perfusion assessed with oxygen-15-water and oxidative metabolism assessed with carbon-11-acetate in nine normal subjects (four studied after a 5-hr fast and five studied both fasted and following glucose loading). Under fasting conditions, myocardial accumulation of FDG in the septum and anterior wall averaged 80% of that in the lateral and posterior walls (p less than 0.03). In contrast, after glucose loading the regional distribution of myocardial FDG accumulation became more homogeneous. Regional myocardial perfusion, oxidative metabolism, and accumulation of carbon-11-acetate were homogeneous under both conditions. Thus, under fasting conditions there are regional variations in myocardial accumulation of FDG, which are visually apparent, are not associated with concomitant changes in oxidative metabolism or perfusion, and cannot be attributed to partial-volume effects. This significant heterogeneity may limit the specificity of PET with FDG for detecting myocardial ischemia in fasting subjects.
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PMID:Nonuniformity in myocardial accumulation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in normal fasted humans. 188 May 92


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