Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum levels and urinary excretion of magnesium and copper were studied in 66 patients with either acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction. Serum for magnesium and copper determinations was obtained daily for three days. The initial serum magnesium levels were normal in patients with ischemia but were low in some patients with myocardial infarction. Patients developing ventricular arrhythmias with myocardial infarction showed the lowest levels of serum magnesium. Copper in the serum appeared elevated in patients developing acute congestive heart failure but the elevation was not statistically significant. These data indicate that a decrease in serum magnesium as evaluated may be associated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with myocardial infarction; thus continued observations of magnesium levels in the myocardial infarction patient is warranted.
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PMID:Serum magnesium and copper levels in myocardial infarction. 746 38

According to a new hypothesis based on epidemiologic observations, iatrogenic maneuvers, natural occurrences, and animal experiments, absolute or relative deficiency of copper is of prime importance in the etiology of ischemic heart disease. Male weanling rats were made copper deficient with a purified diet containing 0.79 microgram Cu/g diet and containing all other nutrients known to be essential. Deficiency was verified by a 39% increase in cholesterolemia. Electrocardiograms of copper-deficient rats showed several abnormalities including S-T segment depression for one-third to one-half of the R-R interval, bundle branch block with R waves three times normal height and width, Q waves, and second- and third-degree heart block. Copper deficiency shortened the lives of the rats by 73%. Copper deficiency is the only nutritional insult that has produced rapid unfavorable alterations in lipid metabolism, cardiac and arterial anatomy, and cardiac electrophysiology. Copper metabolism may be important in the etiology of ischemic heart disease and in the arrhythmias associated with the consumption of liquid-protein diets.
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PMID:Abnormal electrocardiograms in rats deficient in copper. 746 13

The Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, and Ni concentrations from the atherosclerotic plaques in the abdominal aorta obtained from 40 patients who died of coronary heart disease (CHD) were measured. In 32 of them the clinical and anatomical diagnosis was ischemic heart disease (IHD) and in 8 of them it was acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Concomitant determinations of the concentrations of the above trace elements were determined in 16 normal aortas from subjects who died in accidents or from causes other than atherosclerosis (C). The determinations were done by means of a Perkin-Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Model 300. The results are expressed in mg/kg of dried tissue. The Cu, Zn, and Cr concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the atherosclerotic plaques of abdominal aorta of the deceased patients with IHD and AMI than in the control group. Iron had the tendency to rise but not significantly. The nickel level in the atherosclerotic plaques from abdominal aorta did not change significantly as compared to the controls. We attribute the low values of copper in the atherosclerotic aortic tissue in IHD and AMI to a shift of copper from aortic tissue into the blood. At present, there is no explanation for the low concentration of zinc and chromium in atherosclerotic aortic tissue.
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PMID:Concentration of copper, zinc, chromium, iron and nickel in the abdominal aorta of patients deceased with coronary heart disease. 788 Dec 75

Ischaemic heart disease mortality is much lower in Southern Italy than in the U.K. and this is not entirely explained by differences in classical risk factors. Differences in antioxidant intake, affecting free radical peroxidation of plasma lipoproteins, may be relevant. Therefore, dietary intake, antioxidant status and plasma lipid peroxidation were compared in healthy young persons eating typical regional diets from Naples (22) and Bristol (26). The Naples group consumed more fresh tomatoes, more fat as monounsaturates (from olive oil) and had higher plasma levels of the lipid antioxidants vitamin E (mean (SD; 95% CI) 29.1 (4.5; 26.8 to 31.3) vs 25.1 (3.86; 23.4 to 26.8) mumol.l-1, P = 0.005) and beta-carotene (4.74 (1.2; 4.14 to 5.34) vs 2.85 (0.8; 2.5 to 3.2) mumol.l-1, P < 0.001). Intakes of vitamin C, total uncooked fruit and vegetables, plasma vitamin A, serum selenium and copper levels were similar. All indices of plasma lipid peroxidation were significantly lower in the Naples group: conjugated dienes (median (interquartile range; non-parametric 95% CI)) 29 (21.5-39.9; 24 to 36.7) vs 41.5 (37-48.5; 38 to 44.5) mumol.l-1, P < 0.001; diene conjugation index 1.38 (1.02-1.55; 1.06 to 1.49) x 10(-2) vs 1.57 (1.43-1.74; 1.44 to 1.71) x 10(-2), P = 0.019; lipid peroxides (geometric mean (95% CI) 1.24 (1.12 to 1.37) vs 4.58 (3.84 to 5.46) mumol.l-1, P < 0.001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparison of antioxidant status and free radical peroxidation of plasma lipoproteins in healthy young persons from Naples and Bristol. 792 5

We have previously reported that treatment of isolated rat heart mitochondria with the free radical-generating system Cu2+/tert-butylhydroperoxide produces striking changes in the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) of the inner membrane. These changes include a small increase in apparent molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by its disappearance from the polypeptide profile upon further oxidant treatment (Zwizinski and Schmid (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 294, 178-183). In order to characterize its peroxidative modification in more detail, we have purified rat heart ANT and prepared polyclonal antibody against it. Using this antibody, we have observed that increasing oxidant treatment results in a gradual increase in the ANT protein's apparent molecular weight by up to 1 kDa. The progressive nature of the molecular weight shift, which parallels the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, supports the hypothesis that this phenomenon may be the result of covalent addition of increasing amounts of lipid peroxidation products. Strong oxidative treatment of cardiac mitochondria also causes fragmentation and polymerization of the ANT protein. However, Western blot analysis showed that a major portion of the original ANT survives even extensive oxidation as a distinct, modified protein. Therefore, the almost complete disappearance of ANT from Coomassie-stained gels appears to be the result of cross-linking and fragmentation reactions, as well as a decreased efficiency of the Coomassie staining. Because a measurable molecular weight shift of ANT occurs at the mildest oxidative treatment tested (resulting in the production of only 1.1 nmol malondialdehyde/mg protein), it may be relevant as a parameter of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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PMID:Peroxidative damage to cardiac mitochondria. II. Immunological analysis of modified adenine nucleotide translocase. 797 84

There are many diseases of unknown etiology. Increasingly vibrant, contemporary research is attempting to associate trace element metabolism with some of these illnesses. Because trace elements can produce profound effects on health via enzymes, hormones and messenger molecules, analytical assessment must be directed toward these chemicals as well as to the trace elements. Element analysis may be directed best toward specific cells, tissues and organs. Copper deficiency is associated with the etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease via metabolic processes affecting cardiovascular health. Some drugs now used to treat heart disease affect copper metabolism but many other metabolic processes are unaffected by deficiency. It seems prudent to avoid diets containing amounts of copper that have been proved insufficient for people in controlled experiments.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease: nutrition or pharmacotherapy? 821 46

Dietary copper deficiency affects a number of enzymes, the function of which may influence the outcome of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male weanling rats were fed diets that were adequate (> 5 mg/kg) or deficient (< 1 mg/kg) in copper. After 4 wk, the rats' hearts were isolated and used to study the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on intraventricular developed pressure (DevP), positive and negative rates of intraventricular pressure change (+dp/dt and -dp/dt) and release of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase from the heart. The ischemia-perfusion protocol included a 15-min equilibration period, 30 min of warm, total ischemia and reperfusion for 30 min. Preischemic hearts from copper-deficient rats produced lower DevP than hearts from copper-adequate rats at all levels of preload. However, postischemic recovery of DevP was significantly greater in the hearts of the copper-deficient group. Furthermore, the postischemic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase release in the two groups were significantly different. These findings indicate that, although dietary copper deficiency adversely affects a number of enzymatic systems, the functional recovery of hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury is improved when the diet is restricted in copper.
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PMID:Isolated hearts from copper-deficient rats exhibit improved postischemic contractile performance. 822 93

Changes in the blood content of trace elements (E)--copper, zinc and iron--have been studied in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. It has been shown that blood TE concentrations decreased considerably during surgery. Variability in blood TE levels could be accounted for by hemodilution caused by the administration of colloids and crystalloids that contained no TE under study. These solutions were used initially for filling assisted circulation device. However, it is noteworthy that the degree of hemodilution was not the only reason for the changes in blood TE content, as despite hematocrit normalization it was only blood iron content that returned to preperfusion level. It has been demonstrated that copper and zinc blood concentrations were considerably lower in patients developing heart failure in the early postperfusion period than in those with an uncomplicated postoperative period. It has been shown that the nature and degree of changes in copper, zinc and iron levels in the coronary sinus blood during heart surgery can be assessed by changes in their arterial blood content.
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PMID:[Changes in the content of microelements--copper, zinc and iron--in the blood of patients following cardiopulmonary bypass]. 823 30

This study examined whether brief repeated myocardial ischemia altered free radical generating and scavenging activity in a dog model. In dogs preconditioned with four 5-min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusions and reperfusions, we examined transcardiac changes in both the function of neutrophils, cells which are major free radical generators, and in myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity, as an indication of free radical scavenging. Neutrophil function was assessed by determining luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) induced by zymosan. Blood was taken simultaneously from the carotid artery and the cardiac vein running along the occluded LAD. Preconditioning with sublethal ischemia significantly reduced whole blood CL in the cardiac vein compared with the carotid artery after the first and fourth 5-min reperfusions, while there was no difference in neutrophil count between these sampling sites. Immediately after brief repeated ischemia and reperfusion, manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly enhanced, and glutathione reductase activity was markedly reduced in the ischemic, compared with the non-ischemic, myocardium. There were no differences in the myocardial activities of copper, zinc-SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase between the ischemic and non-ischemic regions. Also, no difference was observed between the reduced myocardial glutathione levels in these regions, although the oxidized glutathione level was significantly higher in the ischemic regions of the subepicardial and subendocardial areas. We demonstrated that brief repeated ischemia affects free radical generating and scavenging systems in the ischemic myocardium.
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PMID:Brief myocardial ischemia affects free radical generating and scavenging systems in dogs. 840 20

There has been studied the actual dietary intake of copper and zinc in the open male population aged 20-59 years old (n = 1556) consisting of residents of Kiev. An age-associated tendency has been disclosed towards lowering copper intake and increase in the diet content of zinc. A correlation has been established between low intake of copper, high content of zinc and prevalence of ischemic heart disease and of such risk factors for its onset as dyslipoproteinemia, arterial hypertension and excessive body mass.
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PMID:[The relationship between the copper and zinc intake with food and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors]. 863 Aug 19


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