Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular disorders pose a major health problem for industrialized societies in terms of excess morbidity and mortality. Hypertension (HT) is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease. The impact of psychosocial factors, personality traits, genetic-behavioral interactions, sodium sensitivity, obesity, insulin metabolism, and psychophysiology on HT status is discussed. An understanding of pathophysiologic processes is needed to provide a better basis for risk factor reduction and other aspects of treatment. The study of myocardial ischemia appears to provide an important link between the development of coronary artery disease and the occurrence of CHD. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of stress-induced myocardial ischemia as well as whether mental stress is predictive of future CHD. Associations have been made between behavioral risk factors and CHD, but the exact nature of the relationship remains to be clarified. Hostility has been identified as an important aspect of coronary-prone behavior, but considerable research will have to be completed before a comprehensive understanding of coronary-prone behavior and the manner in which it has an impact on disease can be fully understood.
 ...
PMID:Biobehavioral aspects of cardiovascular disease: progress and prospects. 270 Mar 41

Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 21 subjects (mean age 48 yr) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and without evidence of ischemic heart disease and in 21 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex distribution. The peak mitral valve flow velocities during the early rapid filling phase (E) and during late atrial filling (A) were measured, and the ratio of these peak flow velocities (E:A) was calculated. E was similar in both groups, but A was higher (P less than .01) in the diabetic group. Thus, E:A was lower (1.19 +/- 0.24 vs. 1.65 +/- 0.67; P less than .01) in the diabetic subjects than in the control subjects. On subgroup analysis, 6 patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy had lower E:A than the patients with no such disorder (0.99 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.25; P less than .05). E:A was not related to the duration of diabetes, presence of retinopathy, HbA1, or blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the atrial contribution to left ventricular filling seems to be augmented in diabetic subjects. This finding indirectly supports the view that left ventricular compliance is already reduced in asymptomatic diabetic subjects.
 ...
PMID:Augmentation of atrial contribution to left ventricular filling in IDDM subjects as assessed by Doppler echocardiography. 270 99

The paper deals with a group of 117 patients with clearly defined clinical signs of atherosclerosis following myocardial infarction appearing in middle age, analyzes relationship between indicators of saccharide metabolism and cardiovascular morbidity within a ten-year period, and discusses its potential cause. Fasting levels taken at 120 minutes after the administration of glucose and the sum of the fasting level and three stimulated levels of blood sugar, or insulin (IRI), were compared with 54 controls as well as within the group of patients. Compared with the control group, the patients had glycemia levels elevated. In the group of patient with ischaemic heart disease (glycemia levels especially the sum but also glycemias at 120 min.) were elevated in persons with signs of ischaemic disease of lower extremities, with hypertension, in cases with increased serum triacylglyceroles, with increased energy intake (including fasting levels). The sum of insulin kept increasing in cases with familial disposition to atherosclerosis, with clinical progression of atherosclerosis over a period of 5 years (non-fatal reinfarctions). This had a highly significant correlation with linoleic acid in total serum lipids suggesting correlation with cardiovascular morbidity. This finding stresses the necessity of a comprehensive view of deviations in sacharide metabolism, especially as regards the relationship between elevated glycemia and cardiovascular morbidity, and between insulin and mortality-causing factors.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, atherosclerosis]. 275 57

The aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of fasting blood sugar, the type of therapy and blood pressure levels on lipoprotein profiles of diabetics in Trinidad and Tobago, and to determine how these biochemical and physiological risk factors may influence the development of ischaemic heart disease. Seven hundred (700) diabetic patients attending outpatient clinics at Sangre Grande and Port-of-Spain General Hospitals were surveyed. The data obtained in this study on the relationship of serum lipids to diabetic control support the hypothesis that poor control of blood sugar is conducive to accelerated atherosclerosis. Hypertensive patients and those maintained on insulin showed a greater predisposition to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) than did non-hypertensives and patients maintained on oral hypoglycaemic agents, respectively.
 ...
PMID:The effect of blood sugar, therapy and blood pressure on lipoprotein profiles of diabetics in Trinidad & Tobago. Possible association with ischaemic heart disease. 276 37

Due to the recent knowledge that the distribution of fat deposits would be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the degree of obesity, some risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated in middle age type II male diabetics and in obese subjects with and without glucose intolerance. In non-insulin dependent diabetes, abdominal adiposity reflected by the waist/hip-circumference (WHR) was related to parameters of metabolic control, lipid parameters, blood rheology, insulin status, hypertension and known vascular complications in three different groups. In the groups with abdominal obesity, the mean annual HbA1 is significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than the group without an abdominal fat mass distribution. Atherogenic index is significantly increased in the group with the highest WHR. HDL-cholesterol levels are significantly decreased in both groups with upper body fat distribution. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation was present between WHR and HDL-cholesterol and WHR and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio; this significant correlation remains after correction for body mass index. Whole blood and plasma viscosity and fibrinogen levels are significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in diabetics with upper body fat accumulation and could be compared to patients with proven coronary ischemic heart disease. The frequency of peripheral vascular disease, coronary ischemic heart disease and hypertension is most prominent in diabetics with an abdominal fat mass distribution. Systolic blood pressure even seems to be increased in non-obese diabetics with the highest WHR. A correlation could be found between WHR and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. When corrected for body mass index the same significant correlation between WHR and blood pressure remained. Both fasting and postprandial insulin and C-peptide values may be the link between abdominal fat deposits and all metabolic disturbances. These results confirm the negative effect of an excess of abdominally located fat cells, even without manifest obesity, on diabetes metabolic control, lipid fractions, hypertension, insulin behaviour, blood rheology and cardiovascular complications. In obese patients with upper body fat accumulation a higher prevalence of glucose intolerance and diabetes is present, in contrast to their counterparts with lower body fat deposit. Both fasting glycemia, insulin and insulin area are significantly (p less than 0.005) increased in the group with the greatest WHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Body fat mass distribution. Influence on metabolic and atherosclerotic parameters in non-insulin dependent diabetics and obese subjects with and without impaired glucose tolerance. Influence of weight reduction. 280 Jun 85

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the prognosis of silent ischemia in an unselected group of patients referred for exercise testing, and 2) to assess whether age or the presence of myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus influences the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing. The design was retrospective, with a 2 year mean follow-up period. The study group consisted of 1,747 predominantly male in-patients and outpatients referred for exercise testing at a 1,200 bed Veterans Administration hospital. The main result was that the mortality rate was significantly greater (p = 0.02) among patients with abnormal ST segment depression than in patients without ST depression. The presence or absence of angina pectoris during exercise testing was not significantly related to death. The prevalence of silent ischemia was not significantly different among patients categorized according to myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus status, but was directly related to age. It is concluded that, in patients with an ischemic ST response to exercise testing, the presence or absence of angina pectoris during the test does not alter the risk of death. The prevalence of silent ischemia during exercise testing is not statistically different among patients with recent, past or no myocardial infarction or with insulin-dependent or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Exercise-induced silent ischemia: age, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction and prognosis. 280 70

Modern eating habits and sedentary life-style interact to promote atherosclerosis and increase risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Apparent sites of interaction affecting severity of coronary atherosclerosis are body weight, blood lipid-lipoproteins, blood pressure, glucose-insulin dynamics, and platelet aggregation. In addition the conditioning effects of physical activity on the heart and adrenergic system reduce myocardial oxygen and coronary blood flow requirements, and raise the threshold for ischemia and ventricular dysrhythmias in the presence of existing coronary atherosclerosis. Dietary recommendations to reduce risk factors for IHD are to decrease intake of total and saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium, increase intake of complex carbohydrates of plant origin and polyunsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oils and fish, adjust energy intake to maintain or achieve desirable body weight, and keep alcoholic consumption low. Epidemiologic evidence also suggests that risk of IHD can be further reduced with 30 to 60 minutes/day of even light or moderate intensity physical activity, including working around the home and yard, walking, exercise or sports. An optimal daily energy expenditure for IHD prevention appears to be between 150 and 300 kcal/day.
 ...
PMID:Physiological interactions between diet and exercise in the etiology and prevention of ischaemic heart disease. 284 98

Inula racemosa root powder was investigated in patients with proven ischaemic heart disease. The powder prevented ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion as observed in the post-exercise electrocardiogram. The petroleum ether extract of roots lowered plasma insulin and glucose levels within 75 min of oral administration to albino rats and it significantly counteracted adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia in rats. The extract further showed negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on frog heart. All these findings indicate that one of the constituents of Inula racemosa may have adrenergic beta-blocking activity.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of the adrenergic beta-blocking activity of Inula racemosa. 290 13

In this study the reliability of platelet aggregation in whole blood (WB) was investigated in clinical conditions associated with thromboembolic complications. Spontaneous (SPA) and collagen-induced platelet aggregation were evaluated both in whole and diluted blood by the impedance method and in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by the Born aggregometer in 18 healthy subjects, 15 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 15 patients with insulin-independent diabetes. SPA occurred more often in WB than in PRP, and in WB the occurrence of SPA was significantly more frequent in the patient groups (4 of 15 patients with IHD and 6 of 15 diabetic patients) than in the controls (1 of 18). WB aggregation induced by collagen was significantly higher in patients with IHD and in diabetic patients than in controls (P less than 0.01), whereas diluted WB and PRP aggregation were not statistically different from controls either in patients with IHD or in diabetic patients. WB aggregation values were found to be related, although not very closely, to megathrombocyte count (r = 0.31, P less than 0.05) whereas not at all to platelet count or hematocrit. No relationship was observed between WB aggregation and disease severity (angiographic lesions and number of ischemic attacks) in patients with IHD and between WB aggregation and HbAlc values in diabetic patients.
 ...
PMID:Ability of whole blood aggregometer to detect platelet hyperaggregability. 229

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) given during myocardial ischemia or anoxemia results in improved myocardial function and augments energy reserves of myocardial glycogen (MG). Because many patients with heart disease also have myocardial hypertrophy, our purpose was to examine whether similar elevations in MG can occur in hypertrophic hearts with GIK administration and to study the effect of hypovolemic shock on those MG levels. Mongrel dogs (n = 5) with myocardial hypertrophy underwent serial myocardial biopsies of the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, and blood samples were followed by GIK infusion (14.5 ml/kg/hr) for 2 hr. after which the dogs were subjected to 2 hr of hypovolemic shock (mean arterial pressure = 40 mmHg). It was found that after GIK infusion MG was consistently elevated in both RV (.43 +/- .02 to .60 +/- .04 g%) and LV (.63 +/- .07 to .71 +/- .01 g%) and FFA declined (.20 +/- .05 to .05-.01 mEq/liter). The MG responded to hypovolemia by further significant elevations (RV 1.16 +/- .33; LV .82 +/- .17), as did FFA (.38 +/- .21). These results indicate that hypertrophic hearts can indeed respond to GIK infusion by increasing MG in both the RV and LV, as do normal hearts. These hearts then submitted to hypovolemic shock showed a further elevation of MG. The elevated insulin levels post-GIK resulted in suppression of FFA. Thus GIK administration may have a sparing effect on energy stores of the heart during hypovolemic shock, which could have clinical implications in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic myocardia.
 ...
PMID:Response of hypertrophic heart myocardial glycogen to GIK and hypovolemic shock. 294 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>