Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol (CH) acceptance ability of high density lipoproteins (HDL) was assessed in 43 ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, including patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and class II-III effort angina. CH acceptance ability of HDL was measured as increment of HDL CH after incubation with artificial CH-containing system. Oxidabilities of HDL and total plasma were estimated by quantitation of lipid peroxidation products (hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances - TBARS) after incubation with Cu(2+) ions. HDL fraction (after apo B lipoproteins removal) of IHD patients appeared to include 2 times less additive CH compared with donor's HDL despite lower (-12%) HDL CH level. Negative correlation (r =-0.38, p<0.05) existed between formed TBARS in HDL and HDL CH acceptance. In total plasma of IHD patients elevation of both formed TBARS and particularly hydroperoxides was observed. Parallelism between decrease of CH acceptance by HDL, oxidability of HDL and of total plasma testifies on weakness not only of CH-accepting, but also of antioxidant HDL functions in IHD patients.
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PMID:[Relation between resistance to oxidation and cholesterol acceptance of high density lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 1515 20

A unified definition of metabolic syndrome, considered a common feature of cardiovascular risk, is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of this syndrome in patients with ischemic heart disease using two diagnostic criteria: the European Group of Resistance to Insulin and the National Cholesterol Education Program. We designed an observational, cross-sectional study of the factors that make up metabolic syndrome in subjects diagnosed with coronary heart disease. A total of 169 patients aged 35 to 79 years were studied (129 men and 40 women). With the European group criterion the percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome was 43.7%, whereas the American group criterion yielded a prevalence of 40.8% (no significant difference). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with ischemic heart disease is high. The diagnostic criteria used are similar and do not differ significantly, although diagnostic concordance was only 50%.
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PMID:[Metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease. Results of using different diagnostic criteria]. 1537 96

During 15 years criteria of metabolic syndrome has undergone definite changes. According to Adult Treatment Panel III of National Cholesterol Education Program metabolic syndrome is diagnosed in the presence of 3 of 5 following signs: waist circumference>/=102 or small i, Ukrainian88 cm in men and women, respectively; triglycerides small i, Ukrainian150 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <39 mg/dl; blood pressure >/=130/85 mm Hg and fasting blood glucose >/=110 mg/dl. Metabolic syndrome is widely spread in populations. Its prevalence ranges from 10.6% in China to 24% in USA and is closely related to life style and age. In a cohort of subjects with history of hypertension at least 5 years and diabetes type2 metabolic syndrome was found in 64 and 88%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome has rather high atherogenic potential and is associated with incidence of ischemic heart disease 2.6-3.0, ischemic heart disease mortality - 2.9-4.2, total mortality - 1.9-2.1 times higher compared with other diseases.
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PMID:[Epidemiological aspects of metabolic syndrome.]. 1547 67

On the basis of traditional risk factors, a large number of individuals in the United States can be classified as at intermediate risk for the development of ischemic heart disease. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome can help determine whether patients at intermediate risk should be considered for more aggressive risk-factor reduction. The measurement of novel risk factors, such as inflammatory markers, can identify a group of patients at high intermediate risk. The Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program suggests considering a more aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goal in this group of individuals. In addition, the presence of the metabolic syndrome is highly predictive of the development of diabetes mellitus. A treatment strategy focusing on aerobic exercise and weight loss can help delay or prevent the development of diabetes and can help reduce cardiovascular risk. For significant risk reduction to be achieved, treatment strategies must focus on therapy for all risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
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PMID:Implications of the metabolic syndrome: the new epidemic. 1609 35

We sought to examine the relative contribution to cardiovascular risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) compared with that of a high LDL cholesterol level in a population-based study of 2493 men and women, age 41-72 years, without major cardiovascular diseases at baseline. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. The study population was subdivided into four groups on the basis of presence (prevalence: 15%) or absence of MS (85%) and presence (15%) or absence of high LDL cholesterol (85%) defined as a level >5.02 mmol/L or </=5.02 mmol/L. After 9.5 years, 233 had a cardiovascular endpoint (cardiovascular death, ischemic heart disease, and stroke). In proportional-hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking, and with subjects without MS and LDL cholesterol </=5.02 mmol/L as reference (73%), the relative risk of an endpoint (95% CI) was 1.49 (1.04-2.13) in participants without MS and LDL cholesterol >5.02 mmol/L (12%), 1.80 (1.26-2.57) in subjects with MS and LDL cholesterol </=5.02 mmol/L (12%) and 3.21 (1.99-5.17) in participants with both MS and LDL cholesterol >5.02 mmol/L (3%). In a general population, MS was associated with a cardiovascular risk comparable with that of a high LDL cholesterol level.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based study. 1643 Sep 3

Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality for overt coronary artery disease (CAD). In diabetic patients, CAD is often silent. The relation between metabolic syndrome and silent CAD has never been studied. We investigated whether metabolic syndrome is associated with silent CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 169 patients with uncomplicated diabetes and angiographically verified silent CAD and in 158 diabetic patients without myocardial ischemia on exercise electrocardiography, 48-hours ambulatory electrocardiography, and stress echocardiography. The groups were comparable for gender, age, glycemic control, and diabetes duration. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. To estimate insulin resistance in patients treated with diet alone or oral agents (122 patients with CAD and 115 patients without CAD), the Homeostasis Model Insulin-Resistance Assessment (HOMA) was used. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (59.8% vs 44.3%, p = 0.005) and HOMA (5.4 +/- 2.1 vs 4.9 +/- 2.8, p = 0.044) were significantly higher in those with CAD than in those without CAD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the metabolic syndrome was associated with silent CAD (odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 5.02, p = 0.015). Among patients on diet alone or oral agents, the HOMA was the strongest predictor of silent CAD (odds ratio 10.16, 95% confidence interval 2.60 to 39.63, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our data have shown an independent association of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with silent CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other studies are needed to establish whether metabolic syndrome and HOMA are reliable markers to identify diabetic patients for additional screening for silent CAD.
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PMID:Association of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with silent myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1644 69

Amyloid containing senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are histologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly the SP and NFT found in non-demented, age-matched individuals with ischemic heart disease and/or hypertension are morphologically and topographically identical to those in AD. Cholesterol plays a significant role in production and accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) and progression of AD. Cholesterol is also a major contributor in atherosclerotic changes and cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies acknowledged benefits of cholesterol-lowering statins in slowing down the progression of AD, improving cognitive status and significantly reducing risk of cardiovascular events. Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a chronic inflammatory reaction in the areas of the brain affected by AD and C-reactive protein (CRP) is identified as a key molecule of acute phase of inflammation. CRP is also a very sensitive marker for cardiovascular events and excellent prognostic tool in post-heart attack and post-coronary artery bypass surgery recovery. Here we report that cholesterol lowering with atorvastatin produces no significant change in CRP levels in treating AD patients who participated in ADCLT (AD cholesterol lowering trial).
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PMID:Change in circulating C-reactive protein is not associated with atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer's disease. 1694 13

To explore the association of job strain with CHD and metabolic syndrome in municipal workers. A cross-sectional study was completed of 450 male workers. Coronary heart disease was defined as: physician diagnosed ischemic heart disease; and/or, ischemic findings in the ECG. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criterion set by the National Cholesterol Education Panel. The demand-control model was used to assess job strain. Self administered questionnaires were completed after a face to face interview. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of job strain with CHD and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and CHD were 17.8% and 8.0% respectively. Both CHD and metabolic syndrome were found to be significantly higher in higher income groups. Job demand and job control were not found to be associated with either CHD or metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was significantly more prevalent among the high job strain workers, but the significance was lost when controlled for age. The findings suggest that there is no significant association between job strain and metabolic syndrome and CHD in this sample of Turkish workers. Job strain may possibly be perceived differently in different cultures and occupations. Future studies may benefit from using a combination of different stress models and more diverse study populations.
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PMID:The association of job strain with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome in municipal workers in Turkey. 1705 99

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation among alcohol consumption, the metabolic syndrome, and the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The study was conducted in a cohort of 1966 men from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. All men were initially free of IHD and, during the follow-up period of 13 y, 219 first cases of IHD were diagnosed. Alcohol consumption was determined by calculating the g/d intake based on standard portions of beer, wine, and spirits. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to a modification of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Men who consumed >or=15.2 g of alcohol/d (4th quartile of the distribution) were younger (P < 0.001), had elevated plasma HDL-C concentrations (P < 0.001), and lower plasma concentrations of insulin (P = 0.01), CRP (P = 0.01), and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) than men in the 1st quartile (<1.3 g of alcohol/d). After adjustment for a series of coronary risk factors, alcohol consumption >or=15.2 g/d was associated with a 39% reduction in the 13-y risk of IHD [relative risk (RR) of IHD = 0.61, P = 0.02]. Finally, an alcohol consumption <15.2 g/d was associated with an increase of the risk of IHD in men with the metabolic syndrome (RR = 2.24, P < 0.001) but not in men without the metabolic syndrome (RR = 1.31, P = 0.22). These results confirm that moderate daily alcohol consumption has cardioprotective properties and suggest that the effects may be more important in subjects with a deteriorated risk profile, such as those with the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Moderate alcohol consumption is more cardioprotective in men with the metabolic syndrome. 1711 15

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and other chronic diseases, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic heart disease. Cholesterol and vitamin D share the 7-dehydrocholesterol metabolic pathway. This study evaluated the possible effect of atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. Eighty-three patients (52 men and 31 women) with an acute coronary syndrome (75 with acute myocardial infarction and 8 with unstable angina) were included. After diagnosis, patients received atorvastatin as secondary prevention. Serum vitamin D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline and at 12 months. Atorvastatin treatment produced a statistically significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an increase in vitamin D levels (41+/-19 vs 47+/-19 nmol/L, p=0.003). Vitamin D deficiency was decreased by 75% to 57% at 12 months. In conclusion, atorvastatin increases vitamin D levels. This increase could explain some of the beneficial effects of atorvastatin at the cardiovascular level that are unrelated to cholesterol levels.
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PMID:Effects of Atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. 1792 Mar 83


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