Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cornerstones of pharmacotherapy for myocardial ischemia are the nitrites and the beta-adrenergic blocking agents. These drugs not only inhibit cardiac mechanical activity (and therefore energy requirements) in a variety of ways but also redistribute available blood flow to the potentially ischemic segments of cardiac muscle. The least effective dose of nitroglycerin and the most tolerated (or blocking) dose of propranolol provide the optimum in management. There is increasing evidence that certain orally administered nitrates at larger than usual dosage can further increase the tolerance to effort. Amelioration of hypertension or congestive failure may play a significant role in selected patients.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacotherapy of myocardial ischemia. 1 Apr 90

The Haematoxylin-Basic Fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stain, a new non-enzymatic histochemical technique described previously to detect early myocardial ischemia, was applied to skeletal muscle. Several factors were found which have an important effect on HBFP positivity including ageing in room air of unstained tissue sections, and the precise timing of the differentiation step of this stain. Using carefully standardized techniques, repeatable staining was obtained and a high level of interobserver consistency in the interpretation of staining results was achieved. Although the technical requirements of this new stain are rigorous, it offers promise and deserves further evaluation in the study of skeletal as well as cardiac muscle disorders. The histological advantages include vivid contrasts and the ability to use the stain on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded muscle tissue.
 ...
PMID:Technical aspects of the Haematoxylin--Basic Fuchsin--picric acid (HBFP) stain applied to skeletal muscle. 5 Mar 5

With the help of an electromagnetic flowmeter the authors measured the blood flow in the graft during aorto-coronary bypass procedures. The flow was measured in 74 patients with 88 bypass grafts, along them--in 43 grafts to the right coronary artery, in 31 grafts to the anterior interventricular artery, and in 14 cases of double aoroto-coronary bypass grafts. In 21 cases the flow was measured in the coronary artery graft after endarterectomy. The analysis has demonstrated that the flow in the graft depends on many factors, the leading among which is the severity of the coronary lesion, the state of its distal portion and of the cardiac muscle in the zone of the diseased coronary artery. A direct relationship was established between the degree of the narrowing of the proximal coronaries and the flow values in the graft connected with the artery in question. The greater the stenosis in the proximal portion of the coronary artery, the higher the blood flow in the bypass. The highest blood flow was registered in cases of complete coronary occlusions. Blood flow measurements in the bypass grafts during surgery help to determine the amount of blld supplied to the revascularized myocardium and, hence, to assess the direct efficacy of the aorto-coronary bypass procedures in the management of the ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:[Blood flow in the transplant after aorto-coronary bypass]. 13 92

A working classification of noncoronarogenic damage to the cardiac muscle is suggested in which 4 general-pathology groups are considered: myocardial dystrophies, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and neoplasms. The main principles are presented for grouping diseases of the myocardium not associated with ischemic heart disease, hypertension or rheumatic fever. Certain problems of the clinical picture and differential diagnosis of dystrophic, inflammatory, and idiopathic damages to the heart muscle are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Classification of non-coronarogenic myocardial damage]. 67 84

Abnormal cardiac muscle function has been reported in experimental diabetes mellitus from this laboratory. To examine left ventricular performance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia or other cardiovascular disease, a noninvasive measurement of the systolic time intervals was carried out. Simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, heart sounds, and carotid pulse were made in 25 diabetic subjects, 20 to 56 years of age, and compared with 37 normal subjects. The diabetic subjects had a shorter left ventricular ejection time, longer pre-ejection period, and a higher ratio of pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (P less than 0.001). The isovolumic time was prolonged (P less than 0.001), while heart rate and arterial pressure were within normal limits. Abnormal function was independent of apparent duration and treatment by diet alone, insulin, or hypoglycemic agents. On the basis of available morphologic data in human and canine diabetes, an alteration of the myocardial interstitium may be the basis for this preclinical abnormality in diabetic patients.
 ...
PMID:Preclinical abnormality of left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. 111 42

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by myofiber hypertrophy and disarray. Intermediate filaments play an important role in maintaining of normal cell shape. Desmin filaments have been detected in adult cardiomyocytes, and vimentin and keratin filaments in cardiomyocytes during embryonic development. The pattern of arrangement of intermediate filaments in HCM has not been reported. We examined the distribution of intermediate filaments in formalin-fixed tissue sections of the disarrayed myofibers from 10 hearts with HCM using an immunohistochemical technique and antibodies to desmin, vimentin, and high and low molecular weight keratins. The controls consisted of subaortic tissue from surgically explanted hearts of patients with ischemic heart disease. In the ischemic hearts, desmin was detected in the Z bands and intercalated disks. In all HCM cases, three patterns of staining for desmin were noted: (a) individual myocytes showing a parallel arrangement along Z bands; (b) focal myofibers with decreased or complete loss of labeling of Z bands; and (c) individual myocytes with intense granular cytoplasmic staining especially in disarrayed myofibers. No staining for vimentin or keratins was noted in the cardiomyocytes from either the HCM or ischemic cases. The altered arrangement of desmin filaments in the disarrayed cardiac muscle fibers may play a role in the altered contractility that occurs in patients with HCM.
 ...
PMID:Altered distribution of desmin filaments in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an immunohistochemical study. 137 88

Eleven patients with congestive heart failure class II-IV (NYHA) caused by ischemic heart disease were studied before and three months after adding enalapril to their treatment with furosemide. After an infarction the heart dilates gradually, mainly as a result of slippage of myocardial fiber bundles. It is known that the addition of an ACE-inhibitor to the medical treatment unloads the heart and gradually, within a period of 3 months, reduces heart size. Objectives of this study were to demonstrate remodelling by recording diastolic pressure-volume relations before and after treatment. The study addresses the question of whether regression of dilation, induced by the ACE-inhibitor treatment, improves the oxygen supply-demand ratio and, as a result, the contractility of the heart muscle. Treatment resulted in a reduction of vascular resistance (1479 to 1182 dyn.s.cm-5, p less than 0.05) and of the left ventricular end-diastolic (130 to 108 ml per m2 body surface area, p less than 0.05) and end-systolic (102 to 81 ml per m2 body surface area, p less than 0.01) volume index. The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation, measured using vena cava occlusion and beat-to-beat recording of pressure and volume loops, remained unchanged. Indices of oxygen-supply demand ratio such as a drop of ejection fraction during exercise and parameters of active diastolic relaxation also did not change. Addition of an ACE-inhibitor induces regression of ventricular dilation, but no indications were found that it improves the condition of the cardiac muscle.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac remodelling and myocardial contractility in patients with congestive heart failure treated with furosemide and enalapril. 182 82

210 patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure, stage I, HA, IIB, aged 60 to 74 years, have been examined. The effect of HBO on central hemodynamics, gas composition and acid-base balance has been assessed. It has been established that HBO is associated with a definite tendency towards cardiac output normalization, as well as hemodynamic economization associated with accelerated heart rate and more adequate correlation between cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The analysis of gas exchange and acid-base balance parameters indicates HBO-induced acidotic shifts. The data of polarographic studies demonstrate that increased metabolic activity is typical not only of the cardiac muscle but of other tissues as well. A favourable effect of HBO on oxygen tissue supply in patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure is to a certain extent due to stimulation of peripheral circulation and its capillary compartment.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on central hemodynamics, blood gas composition and acid-base status in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease and circulatory insufficiency]. 207 32

Exposure of human body to high altitude environment initiate reaction which could be result whether of adaptation or of exhaustion. The purpose is to establish the human body environment which enables regeneration of own cells. Therefore, mechanism of reestablishment of prevention and recognition of symptoms and signs of insufficient adaptability on high altitude are of great interest for clinical and other medical investigators. Special position in research refers on cardiovascular system. Results show, according to effect of only one factor-catecholamines, that in course of physical training on high altitude, could be expected, cardiac muscle hypertrophy. It is proved, that under special circumstances catecholamines stimulate synthesis of proteins what enables faster regeneration of the cells. However, under conditions of myocardial ischemia, uncontrolled loading of these patients could lead to deterioration of heart function appearance of cardiac insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:[Aspects of acclimatization of the human body to acute and chronic high-altitude hypoxia]. 209 85

To assess whether thromboxane A2 (TXA2) exerts a direct electrophysiological effect on cardiac muscle, the effects of STA2 (10 micrograms/l), a stable TXA2 analogue, on the action potentials were examined in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscles using conventional microelectrode techniques. STA2 failed to induce any significant changes in the action potential characteristics in both normal Tyrode's solution and the hyperkalemic (K+ = 10.8 mM) solution. 15 min of superfusion with the "ischemic" solution, which consisted of hyperkalemia (K+ = 10.8 mM), hypoxia (pO2 less than 50 mmHg), acidosis (pH = 6.4) and substrate deprivation (glucose-free), progressively shortened the action potential duration and reduced the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and Vmax. STA2 did not affect the changes in the action potential during such "ischemic" superfusion. These results indicate that STA2 exerts no direct electrophysiological effects on both the normal and the "ischemic" myocardium. The arrhythmogenic effects of TXA2 observed in in vivo studies might reflect the ability of TXA2 to induce platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction resulting in an exacerbation of myocardial ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Effects of the thromboxane A2 analogue, STA2, on the transmembrane potentials of guinea pig ventricular muscles under normal and simulated ischaemic conditions. 220 60


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>