Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. In 18 patients with ischaemic heart disease left ventricular ejection fraction, measured by two different nuclear angiographic methods, has been compared with ejection fraction measured by single-plane contrast angiography. 2. The first nuclear angiographic technique involves detection of variation in the radio-activity from the left ventricle during the initial passage of a bolus of 99Tcm-labelled human serum albumin injected intravenously; the second is our own modification of a "gated" method, which accumulates the radioactivity detected during the continuing recirculation of the plasma bound radioisotope, so presenting an "averaged" ventricular volume curve. 3. Ejection fraction, measured by the "bolus" method, is lower than that measured either by contrast ventriculography or by the "gated" method. This may be due to a damping effect. 4. Ejection fraction measured by the "gated" method is well correlated with that measured by contrast ventriculography (r = 0-89). 5. Our modification of the "gated" method, which presents the changes in ventricular volume throughout the cardiac cycle, without needing computer facilities, is a useful non-invasive means for assessment of left ventricular function.
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PMID:The assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with ischaemic heart disease by contrast ventriculography and nuclear angiography. 87 21

Reperfusion following myocardial ischemia has been postulated to cause myocardial edema resulting in increasing interstitial pressure and retardation of the microcirculation. If ischemia then is repeated, the additional insult results in increasing edema and possible infarction. In order to test this hypothesis, 15 pigs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass with coronary perfusion maintained at 100 mm. Hg by a separate pump through the clamped aortic root. Coronary flow and vascular resistance were recorded. Distribution of coronary blood flow was monitored by injection of radioactively labeled microspheres (15 mu). Myocardial extravascular water was measured by simultaneously determining myocardial intravascular water with radioactive iodinated serum albumin (RISA) and total myocardial water with tritiated water (THO). Three 30 minute periods of myocardial ischemia and 5 minutes of coronary perfusion produced (1) a loss of the reactive hyperemic response to ischemia (coronary vascular resistance increased--from 0.295 +/- 0.024, control, to 0.366 +/- 0.042, after anoxia--rather than decreasing with reactive hyperemia induced vasodilatation); (2) a significant maldistribution of coronary flow away from the endocardium (endocardial: epicardial perfusion ratio 1.10 +/- 0.05, control, to 0.69 +/- 0.08, following ischemia, p less than 0.05); and (3) significant myocardial edema. Myocardial extravascular water rose from 46.4 +/- 1.7 ml. per 100 Gm., control, to 52.6 +/- 2.0 ml. per 100 Gm., after ischemia (p less than 0.05), whereas intravascular myocardial volume did not change significantly. Both light and electron microscopic examination of the postischemic myocardium shows interstitial and intracellular edema with typical ischemic changes at a cellular and subcellular level. The significant increase in myocardial extravascular water content associated with this injury supports the concept that myocardial reperfusion plays a role in its development.
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PMID:Myocardial reperfusion, a cause of ischemic injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. 94 Oct 98

Amiodarone, a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent, has numerous adverse effects. The purpose of this case report is to highlight its hepatotoxicity, an unusual complication of long term amiodarone therapy. Our patient is a 76-year-old man with underlying ischaemic heart disease and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Eleven months after commencing amiodarone, he developed asymptomatic raised aminotransferases which resolved following drug withdrawal. Amiodarone was then reintroduced and four years later, the patient developed hepatomegaly, worsening liver biochemistry and histopathological changes consistent with early cirrhosis. His symptoms improved following discontinuation of amiodarone. However, hepatomegaly and a low serum albumin still persist four years later.
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PMID:Hepatotoxicity of amiodarone. 129 29

We assessed the value of a fraction of hydroxyethyl starch (HES Pz) in reducing the myocardial reperfusion injury in a canine open-chest model in which 1 hour of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Three treatment infusions (5% of blood volume) were compared: Ringer's lactate, serum albumin, and HES Pz (70% of the macromolecules between 100,000 and 1,000,000 d). When compared with Ringer's lactate and albumin, HES Pz significantly reduced the ratio of 24-hour infarct size to pretreatment area at risk (3% vs 19% and 16%, respectively) and myocardial water content (0.5% vs 3% and 1%). Potassium content differences between injured and normal myocardium were significantly less in the infarct regions of animals receiving HES Pz. In the canine model, HES Pz reduced 1-hour myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury significantly.
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PMID:Hydroxyethyl starch macromolecules reduce myocardial reperfusion injury. 169 89

Interest in the role that activated granulocytes play in C5a-induced myocardial ischemia prompted us to investigate and compare activation responses of pig and human neutrophils. The responses of Hypaque-Ficoll purified porcine (P-PMN) and human neutrophils (H-PMN) to stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), C5a, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) were compared by flow cytometrically measured changes in the cells' forward (FWD-SC) (a measure of shape/volume change) and right angle (90 degrees-SC) light scatter (a measure of secretion), and in the distribution of the membrane potential sensitive fluorescent probe di-O-C (3). FMLP, C5a, and Zymosan-activated serum (ZAS stimulated chemotaxis and FMLP vs. PMA-stimulated adherence to plastic were also compared. Unstimulated P-PMN had lower FWD-SC and 90 degrees-SC than H-PMN (39.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 48.4 +/- 2.0 P less than 0.05, and 32.7 +/- 2.7 vs. 52.4 +/- 1.5 units, P less than 0.005, for FWD-SC and 90 degrees-SC of P-PMN vs. H-PMN, respectively). P-PMN selectively failed to increase their FWD-SC upon stimulation with FMLP (0.0 +/- 0.5% vs. 26.1 +/- 6.8%, P-PMN vs. H-PMN), or decrease their 90 degrees-SC when treated with cytochalasin B + FMLP (secretion) (2.4 +/- 0.1% vs. -35.8 +/- 4.6% change in 90 degrees-SC, P-PMN vs. H-PMN), while responding comparably to C5a, PMA, and A23187. P-PMN failed to depolarize in response to FMLP but responded similarly to H-PMN when activated by C5a, A23187, and PMA. P-PMN's chemotactic response to FMLP was selectively absent since the cells responded well to purified pig C5a. FMLP stimulated significant increases in H-PMN adherence to bovine serum albumin-coated plastic (44.1 +/- 6.7% vs. 12.6 +/- 3.7%, FMLP vs. buffer, P less than 0.025), but failed to increase adherence of P-PMN above baseline 0.68 +/- 0.20% vs. 2.12 +/- 1.90%, FMLP vs. buffer, P greater than 0.05. PMA (100 ng/ml) stimulated comparable increases in adherence in both PMN types (48.6 +/- 5.2% vs. 58.7 +/- 4.9%, P-PMN vs. H-PMN, P less than 0.025). Binding studies using the fluoresceinated N-formyl peptide f-met-leu-phe-lysine-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FMLPL-FITC) in the absence and presence of excess non-fluoresceinated FMLPL indicated that P-PMN lack specific binding sites for the N-formyl peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro assessment of porcine neutrophil activation responses to chemoattractants: flow cytometric evidence for the selective absence of formyl peptide receptors. 210 28

Persons of the ischemic heart diseases risk group and patients with ischemic heart disease showed a reduction of the transport function of serum albumin that correlated with the sex and age of examined persons, presence of that of another risk factor of ischemic heart disease as well as with its clinical form of manifestation. Established were correlations between the level of hypercholesterolemia and state of the transport function of serum albumin and a positive effect of sex hormones on the transport function of serum albumin. The obtained data suggest a major role of protein metabolism in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:[The transport function of the serum albumin in patients with ischemic heart disease and in persons with risk factors for its occurrence]. 223 89

A study of the structural aspects of blood serum albumin in patients with different forms of IHD and non-coronarogenous diseases of the myocardium revealed a reduction of spiralization of the albumin molecule, formation of modified form of protein and albumin-carbohydrate complexes. It is recommended to use these biochemical parameters in the complex diagnosis of different forms of cardiac pathology.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of protein complexes in ischemic and noncoronagenic damage of the myocardium]. 271 67

Platelet phospholipase plays an important role in the metabolic responses of platelets to exogenous stimuli. The platelet phospholipase activity (PLA) was therefore studied in 38 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and in 26 age-matched normal subjects who served as controls. The mean platelet PLA in the IHD group was 12.72 +/- 1.03 nmol/mg protein/30 sec which was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that of the normal controls (8.72 +/- 0.76). When they were classified into acute stage, such as unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and chronic stage, such as stable angina or old myocardial infarction (OMI), there was no significant difference between them. On the other hand, about two-fold activation of platelet PLA was observed in acute stage IHD, and 20-30% inhibition of it was demonstrated in chronic stage IHD following the addition of autologous plasma to washed platelet suspensions, suggesting that certain plasma factor(s) are responsible for such phenomena. In an attempt to identify these plasma factor(s), various substances such as serum albumin, high density lipoprotein, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2), and platelet activating factor were assessed by in vitro experiments. Only PGE1 and PGE2 revealed a significant effect on the platelet PLA. The relationship between plasma and platelet activity in terms of platelet PLA deserves attention since it varies according to the type and stage of IHD.
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PMID:Relationship between platelet phospholipase activity and plasma in ischemic heart disease. 674 May 65

A series of 85 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas seen in South India has been analysed. The median age was 50 years, 20% of patients being below years of age, and the male to female ratio was 4:1. Diabetes mellitus and smoking were more prevalent among males than in a control group, but this was not the case with alcoholism. Distribution of blood groups was the same as in controls. Clinical features of these patients are reviewed. Operative mortality in jaundiced patients was similar whether simple laparotomy, a biliary bypass procedure or a pancreaticoduodectomy was done. This mortality was related to the depth of jaundice and to the degree of abnormality in serum transaminase levels, but it was not related to the age of the patient, the stage of the disease, ECG evidence of ischaemic heart disease, or abnormalities in either serum albumin concentration or blood urea level. Following biliary bypass procedures 50% of patients were dead within eight months; after pancreatoduodenectomy this interval was increased to 18 months, but differences in the stage of the disease between the two groups would account for the difference in survival to some extent.
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PMID:Operative mortality following surgery for carcinoma of the pancreas. 677 69

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of left ventricular (LV) mass, volume, and mass-to-volume ratio on mortality in chronic dialysis patients. The Design was a multicenter, prospective inception cohort study with a median follow-up of 41 months. The Setting was three university-affiliated nephrology units. A total of 433 patients who (1) survived > 6 months from the start of ESRD therapy and (2) had a technically satisfactory baseline echocardiogram were studied. Measurements included a baseline clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic assessment. LV hypertrophy was present in 74% and LV dilation was present in 36% of patients. In patients with normal cavity volume (< or = 90 mL/m2) and normal systolic function, high LV mass index (> 120 g/m2) and mass-to-volume ratios (> 2.2 g/mL) were independently associated with late mortality (> 2 yr after starting dialysis therapy). After adjusting for baseline age, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease, the relative risk for the former was 3.29 and for the latter was 2.24. Cavity volume was of no prognostic significance in this group. In patients with LV dilation and normal systolic function, high cavity volume (> 120 mL/m2) and low mass-to-volume ratio (< 1.8 mL/m2) were independently associated with late mortality, the relative risk in the former being 17.14 and the latter being 4.27. LV mass index was of no prognostic significance in this group. The baseline echocardiographic classification, based on LV mass and cavity volume, was the strongest predictor of late mortality, after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, chronic hypertension, and hemoglobin and serum albumin levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The prognostic importance of left ventricular geometry in uremic cardiomyopathy. 757 50


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