Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival, mortality rates, and causes of death were determined for 132 myelopathy patients during the 9-year period between April 1973 and March 1982. The average age was 54; 81% were paralyzed by trauma. Average survival was 15 years. Myelopathy mortality was eight times that of the general population for the third decade of life but comparable by the seventh decade. The major causes of death were pulmonary (41 patients- 71% with pneumonia or bronchitis), vascular (37 patients - 54% with ischemic heart disease), gastrointestinal (19 patients - 42% with carcinoma, 32% with peritonitis), and urinary (16 patients - 50% with renal failure and 44% with carcinoma). As survival of myelopathy patients has improved, deaths due to pneumonia, ischemic heart disease, carcinoma, and renal failure have become the major causes of death.
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PMID:Increasing survival and changing causes of death in myelopathy patients. 661 34

A mortality study of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at oil distribution centres from three oil companies in Britain has been carried out. Ninety nine per cent of the population were successfully traced to determine their vital status at 31 December 1975. The mortality observed in the study population was compared with that which would be expected from the mortality rates for all the male population of England and Wales. The overall mortality observed was considerably lower than expected on this basis as was the mortality from stroke, hypertensive disease, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The observed number of deaths from all neoplasms was also much less than expected as were the observed deaths from lung cancer. The observed deaths from ischaemic heart disease approximately equalled those expected overall and in each of the companies, however, and there was no evidence of a "healthy worker effect" for this disease group. The ratio of observed over expected deaths from ischaemic heart disease tended to decrease with increasing age at death, and for most of the job groups overall, the observed and expected deaths were about the same. Raised mortality patterns from ischaemic heart disease were found in several subgroups of the population of one company. Mortality from myelofibrosis and diseases of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue was slightly raised overall. Only myelofibrosis showed an overall excess but raised mortality was found in subgroups of the population defined by company, job, and length of service in several of the other neoplasms making up this disease group. The numbers of deaths from these causes were all small, making it difficult to exclude chance effects. Further work would be required to ascertain whether these results are due to an occupational factor and if so to identify the physical or chemical nature of the risk.
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PMID:Epidemiological survey of oil distribution centres in Britain. 687 Nov 23

A mortality study of maintenance men employed for at least one year between 1 January 1967 and 31 December 1975 at 71 London Transport bus garages and Chiswick Works has been carried out. Over 97% of the population were successfully traced to determine their vital status at 31 December 1975. The mortality observed in the study population was compared with that which would be expected from the mortality rates for the all male population of England and Wales. The mortality of the study population from all causes was much lower than expected on this basis, as was the mortality from cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, and bronchitis. Mortality from all neoplasms was slightly less than expected overall and especially in the younger age groups. The observed deaths from cancer of the lung were approximately the same as those expected on the basis of national rates. Nevertheless, a deficit of observed deaths from lung cancer was obtained after adjusting for the higher mortality from this disease in Greater London. Raised mortality was found in subgroups of the population for several malignant disease groups but these were almost all based on small numbers of deaths, making it difficult to exclude chance effects. Both the number of men and deaths in the study were limited and the follow up time was also short. Considerable extension of the study to include more men and increase the follow up time would be required for any definite mortality patterns to emerge.
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PMID:Epidemiological survey of maintenance workers in London Transport Executive bus garages and Chiswick Works. 687 Nov 24

Age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) per 100 000 for the leading causes of death were calculated for 1970 for Asians, Coloureds and Blacks and compared with the MRs of Whites for the economically active age-group of 15 - 64 years. Marked differences in mortality patterns were shown by this comparison. At the one extreme were the Whites in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were ischaemic heart disease, motor vehicle accidents, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), cancer of the digestive system and bronchitis and associated respiratory diseases--a mortality pattern which is characteristic of a developed Western community. At the other extreme were the Blacks in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were "ill-defined" diseases, the pneumonias, tuberculosis, CVA and homicide and unspecified violence -- a mortality pattern commonly seen in less developed communities. Reducing mortality in the various populations will not come about by spending more money on hospital-bases curative medicine but by greater emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Quite different health strategies are needed to reduce mortality in the Whites and Asians on the one hand, and the Coloureds and Blacks on the other. The health strategies required for Whites and Asians involve behavioural changes in lifestyles, whereas for Coloureds and Blacks they involve elementary public health measures such as clean water, proper sanitation, better housing improved nutrition and health education.
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PMID:The loss from premature deaths of economically active manpower in the various populations of the RSA. Part I. Leading causes of death: health strategies for reducing mortality. 728 Aug 86

The frequency distribution of deaths from cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales in 1975 by month of occurrence is described. The distribution is compared with that for related diseases, in particular ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, pneumonia and bronchitis. The principal feature in all these diseases is high mortality in winter and spring and low mortality in late summer, but the range of variation is wider for pneumonia and bronchitis. The seasonal distribution of cerebrovascular disease death is similar in both sexes, all ages at death and for deaths at home and deaths in a hospital or institution. For both sexes the proportion of cerebrovascular disease deaths occurring at home increases significantly with age at death. Four hypotheses are examined to explain this characteristic seasonal mortality pattern, which is related inversely to ambient temperature, and similar to the seasonal pattern of the incidence and prevalence of cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:The seasonal variation in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. 729 14

We conducted a surveillance to clarify the relationship between risk factors for diseases of adulthood and lifestyle in a Japanese rural community, Hinohara Village, a small village outside of Tokyo. The survey, carried out from 1981 to 1990 among residents aged 40 and over, comprised physical examination and blood chemistry with a questionnaire about dietary intake. Mean systolic blood pressure significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) from 140.9 mmHg in 1981 to 132.3 mmHg in 1990, whereas mean serum total cholesterol, mainly of male examinees, increased (p < 0.0001) from 181.4 mg/dl in 1981 to 191.7 mg/dl in 1990. Dietary salt intake significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) from 14.3 g/day in 1981 to 12.1 g/day in 1990. Adjusted mortality rate per 1,000 residents from cerebrovascular disease in this village decreased from 1.80 in 1981 to 0.50 in 1990. In contrast to its decline, the mortality rates from heart disease, bronchitis/pneumonia and neoplasms were 0.40, 0.35 and 0.55 in 1981 and increased to 1.25, 1.10 and 0.64 in 1990. The prevailing practice of maintaining a low-salt diet might cause the decrease of systolic blood pressure, which in turn was thought to decrease the mortality rate from cerebrovascular diseases. Although our previous study before 1981 suggested that total cholesterol was one of the preventive factors against cerebrovascular disease, in the present study a preventive effect of cholesterol was not substantiated. In contrast, cholesterol is a possible risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Thus, a changing pattern of risk factors of diseases of adulthood was observed in this village.
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PMID:[A 10-year field surveillance in Hinohara Village of Tokyo Prefecture from 1981 to 1990]. 780 3

On the basis of the 1990 Chinese death notice data and 1990 Japanese populations vital statistical materials, the mortality patterns and proportions of individual causes of death in the two countries were compared. In both sexes, the mortality rates were the highest in almost all age groups in Chinese rural areas followed by urban areas and Japan. In Japan and in Chinese urban areas, malignant neoplasms cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were the major causes of death, with these three making up about 60% of the total. In Chinese rural areas, these three conditions were responsible for 43% of all deaths, a considerably lower figure as compared to those in the other two areas, and the mortality rates for infectious diseases and accident/suicide were higher than those in the other two areas. Of the three major adult diseases, cerebrovascular diseases were found to be especially frequent in both Chinese urban and rural areas. On the other hand, ischemic heart disease was found at comparable levels in Japan and China and the rate was lower than in other developed countries. Site-specific mortality rates for malignant neoplasms were characterized by high rates for lung, liver and esophageal cancers in China. The mortality rates for bronchitis in both Chinese urban and rural areas were markedly higher than those in Japan These differences in mortality rates and proportions of individual causes of death between China and Japan are thought to be attributable to the differences in medical services and the level of risk factors for each disease.
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PMID:Comparative study on mortality patterns in Japan and China. 783 Mar 46

Although the mortality rate of diabetes mellitus in Japan is much lower than the rates in Western countries, an increasing trend has been evident over the last 40 years as a whole. However, the trend shows variations with age; there is an apparent decreasing trend in subjects of 0-35 years of age at death, while there is a remarkable increasing trend in subjects of 75 years of age and over. It appears that the increase in diabetes mortality is largely due to an elevation in the mortality rate in aged subjects and an increase in the size of the aged population in this country. A population-based study of causes of death, carried out in Osaka Prefecture for the period 1960-1989, indicates a remarkable increase in the age at death and significant changes in the causes of death of diabetic patients. Diseases of the circulatory system were found to be the major causes of death other than diabetes, and, among them, a rapid increase in the frequency of disease of the heart was observed. As a cause of death, tuberculosis decreased sharply, while malignant neoplasms, ischemic heart disease, and pneumonia and bronchitis increased during the same period. Among malignant neoplasms, an increase in neoplasm of the liver was marked.
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PMID:Mortality and causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan. 785 24

This recently recognised member of the genus Chlamydia is one of the most widespread pathogens of man, though up to 90% of infected people have few or no symptoms. Several studies have estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to C. pneumoniae at 40-55% in the northern hemisphere, and over 60% in under-developed countries. The incidence of infections follows a cyclical pattern, with peaks at regular intervals of 2-10 years, but no apparent seasonal periodicity. Nosocomial transmission may be mediated by environmental surfaces as well as aerosols, and immunosuppression, for example by the human immunodeficiency virus, predisposes to infection. Chlamydia pneumoniae causes predominantly atypical pneumonia, often severe in adults, especially the elderly; including 5-10% of community-acquired pneumonia in Scandinavian countries. Serological evidence indicates associations with asthma, bronchitis, exacerbations of chronic airflow obstruction, otitis media and bronchiolitis. Several studies, using both serological and morbid anatomical techniques, also indicate associations with vascular atheroma and ischaemic heart disease, and with acute myocardial infarction. Chronic, latent and recurrent infections have been documented, and it is postulated that, like chronic or recurrent C. trachomatis infections, these may produce disease as a consequence of the host's immunological hypersensitivity. Several techniques are available for serological diagnosis: the technique of choice is micro-immunofluorescence, using fixed whole elementary or reticulate bodies as antigen, but antibody responses are highly variable. Traditional alternatives, antigen detection (by direct immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay) and cell culture, have major disadvantages. Polymerase chain reactions have not yet been widely applied to the clinical setting. tetracycline antibiotics, erythromycin and quinolones are not very efficacious in the treatment of C. pneumoniae infection. The azalide antibiotic, azithromycin, and the macrolide, clarithromycin, are active in vitro against C. pneumoniae, and may become treatments of choice. The development of anti-chlamydial vaccines remains an important research goal.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 789 84

As reported previously, we have conducted studies on causes of death among diabetic patients during the 25-year period, from 1960 to 1984, in Osaka District, Japan. We have now added the most recent 5-year data, for 1985-1989, and analyzed changes in causes of death during the entire 30-year period as a whole. The subjects studied were those for whom a total of 32,222 death certificates had been filed in Osaka Prefecture, from 1960 to 1989, with diabetes mentioned either as the underlying cause or as a contributory condition. The relative number of death certificates mentioning diabetes as the underlying cause, which had been decreasing during the 25-year study period, showed a further decrease, reaching the lowest value, 33.4%, for the period 1985-1989. The mean age at death exceeded 70 years for all causes of death, showing a continuous increasing trend. An increase in disease of the heart and a decrease in cerebrovascular disease were observed, making the difference between the two causes greater since 1980-1984. Malignant neoplasms, ischemic heart disease, and pneumonia and bronchitis also showed steady increases. The O/E ratios (ratio of observed/expected number of deaths) for cirrhosis of the liver and tuberculosis were markedly increased, while that for malignant neoplasms was only about 0.5, suggesting extreme underestimation of the number of diabetic cases with cancer. Among malignant neoplasms, an increasing trend in liver cancer was remarkable and was associated with a relatively high O/E ratio.
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PMID:Changes in causes of death in diabetic patients based on death certificates during a 30-year period in Osaka District, Japan, with special reference to cancer mortality. 795 7


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