Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A women spends about one-third of her life in her postmenopausal years. Some women supplement this period of decreased estrogen production with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Many epidemiologic studies have examined the long-term effect of postmenopausal estrogen deprivation and of ERT. Since the 1970s, we have evaluated the risks and benefits of ERT in one population of older women in the California retirement community of Leisure World. ERT is the most effective method for preventing osteoporotic bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women. In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of hip fractures by about 50%. The effect is greatest in longterm users, but may be lost after discontinuation. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects the bones of the jaws as well as other skeletal bones. Bone loss in the jaws may result in tooth loss. In Leisure World, estrogen users have retained more natural teeth than nonusers. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in women. In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, other heart disease, and stroke by 20-40%. The reduction is greatest in long-term and/or current users. ERT is effective in women with and without cardiovascular disease risk factors. One of the most feared aspects of aging is Alzheimer's disease. In Leisure World, women who had used ERT had a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Risk decreased with increasing duration of use. Estrogen use, however, is not without risk. Unopposed estrogen increases risk of endometrial cancer. Risk increases with increasing years of use and remains high after discontinuation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The risks and benefits of estrogen replacement therapy: Leisure World. 758 89

A woman spends about one-third of her life in her postmenopausal years. Some women supplement this period of decreased estrogen production with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Since the 1970s, we have evaluated the long-term risks and benefits of ERT in one population of women, the Leisure World retirement community. ERT is the most effective method for preventing osteoporotic bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women. In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of hip fractures about 50 %. The effect is greatest in long-term users but may be lost after discontinuation. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects the bones of the jaws as well as other skeletal bones. Bone loss in the jaws may result in tooth loss. In Leisure World, estrogen users retain more natural teeth than nonusers. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in women. In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, other heart disease, and stroke by 20-40 %. The reduction is greatest in long-term and/or current users. ERT is effective in women with and without cardiovascular disease risk factors. A most feared aspect of aging is Alzheimer's disease. In Leisure World, women who had used ERT had a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Risk both increaseng dose and decreased with increasing duration of use. Estrogen use, however, is not without risk. Unopposed estrogen increases risk of endometrial cancer. Risk increases with increasing years of use and remains high after discontinuation. The most important potential risk of ERT is breast cancer. In Leisure World, women who had used a total accumulated estrogen dose of 1500 mg or more had nearly twice the risk of breast cancer compared with nonusers. Short-term low-dose users showed no substantial increased risk. The Leisure World Study shows risks and benefits of ERT similar to other reports in the literature. For postmenopausal women generally, the benefits of ERT--preventing osteoporotic fractures, reducing heart disease, decreasing mortality, and possibly reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease-out-weigh the risks of endometrial and breast cancers. A woman must be fully informed of the risks and benefits of hormone therapy and play an important role in deciding whether to take hormones and which regimen to use.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy in the elderly. 870 21

Recently, there have been case-control and epidemiologic investigations that strongly associate poor dental health with cardiovascular disease, preterm low birth weight infants, and early death from any cause. In a 7-year prospective study, dental disease was a significant predictor of coronary events leading to death after controlling for known coronary disease risk factors. Missing teeth displaces smoking as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in another study. Periodontal disease was seven times more likely to be associated with a preterm delivery of a low birth weight infant than mother's age, race, number of live births, and use of tobacco or alcohol. This review examines the role of asymptomatic bacteremia as possibly explaining these associations, focusing on the bacterial load on the teeth as mediated via oral hygiene.
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PMID:Association of the oral flora with important medical diseases. 965 17

Several studies have reported the prevalence of medical conditions or investigated the relationships between the oral health status and general health conditions in the elderly. However, the relationship between medical conditions and oral health among the elderly is not well-described. Previous studies have not clearly identified a consistent association between medical conditions and oral health, specifically edentulism and tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between medical conditions and oral health, as assessed by edentulism and missing teeth, in an institutionalized elderly population. A systematic sample (n = 175), stratified by age and sex, was drawn from nursing home patients treated by the University of low' as Geriatric Mobile Unit (GMU) team. Data were extracted from GMU dental records, regarding history of medical conditions, medications, dental history, dentate status, and tooth-by-tooth conditions. Mean numbers of missing teeth were significantly higher among those who had a history of atherosclerotic vascular disease, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and joint disease. Subjects who had a history of atherosclerotic vascular disease, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and joint disease were more likely to be edentulous than subjects who did not have a history of those diseases. The biological basis for these relationships between dentate status and systemic medical conditions is unclear and warrants further study.
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PMID:Medical conditions associated with missing teeth and edentulism in the institutionalized elderly. 968 Sep 23

Although tooth loss is a serious health problem for elderly people, little is known about the genetic basis for susceptibility to it. In the present study we aimed to find a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with tooth loss. DNA samples from 119 outpatients (mean age=78.8 years) were genotyped on seven polymorphisms (tumor necrosis factor-alpha -1031T/C, interleukin-1beta -511C/T, interleukin-6 -634C/G, macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173G/C, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist variable number of tandem repeat in intron 2, matrix metalloproteinase-1 -16071G/2G, and oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) Ser326Cys (1245C/G)), and the results were statistically evaluated. Of the seven polymorphisms tested, only OGG1 Ser326Cys was revealed to associate with tooth loss at a statistically significant level (P=0.0086). In addition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis in which age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and ischemic heart disease were included as independent variables indicated that Ser326Cys could be an independent factor affecting tooth loss (OR, 3.191; 95%CI, 1.174-8.672). The data suggest that the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may be associated with tooth loss.
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PMID:Association of the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with tooth loss. 1653 39