Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Screening for dyslipoproteinemias should be undertaken in all individuals older than 20 years of age at least once every 5 years. The initial screening, as recommended by the Adult Treatment Guidelines Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program, is to determine the concentration of total blood cholesterol. This initial determination can be made on blood obtained in the nonfasting state. Further evaluation of the patient's lipoprotein concentrations is dependent upon the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors. in the absence of definite coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a family history of coronary artery disease, cigarette smoking, or severe obesity, the patient with a total blood cholesterol concentration less than 200 mg/dL requires no specific instruction and should have a repeated screening performed within 5 years. Patients with blood cholesterol concentrations greater than 200 mg/dL should have their lipoprotein profiles determined if they have atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or two other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The lipoprotein profile includes the determination of fasting cholesterol and triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations. From these values, the LDL cholesterol concentration can be calculated. This LDL cholesterol concentration is central in selecting the appropriate therapy. HDL cholesterol concentrations may be useful in evaluating patients with ischemic heart disease. Concentrations of HDL cholesterol less than 35 mg/dL are associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease. Although there is currently no convincing evidence that support the specific treatment of depressed HDL cholesterol concentrations, therapy directed to modulating lipoprotein metabolism in patients with heart disease and low HDL concentrations may be of benefit. Patients with recurrent abdominal pain, pancreatitis, and eruptive xanthomatosis frequently have fasting hypertriglyceridemia concentrations exceeding 1000 mg/dL. These patients should be identified in order to effectively reduce their triglyceride concentrations, which can prevent these complications.
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PMID:Detection and evaluation of dyslipoproteinemia. 219 76

A new modification of enzyme immunoassay: enzyme-linked-immunoreceptor assay (ELIRA)--was used to study the activity of LDL-receptors on cultured fibroblasts from 10 patients with elevated plasma cholesterol levels, IHD, accelerated atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis. Four patients were found to have heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia. We have also shown that the results of ELIRA were quantitatively similar to the data obtained by traditional radioisotopic method. This indicates that simple, rapid, inexpensive ELIRA can be used for diagnosis of FH.
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PMID:[An immunoenzyme method of diagnosing familial hypercholesterolemia]. 304 91

Extracorporeal elimination of LDL-cholesterol is at present an important part of comprehensive treatment of patients with very high cholesterol levels. An absolute indication for their use are patients with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Treatment is, after individual consideration, indicated also patient with severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, with a positive family history of IHD, if it is not possible to reduce LDL-cholesterol by diet and hypolipidaemic agents below 5.2 mmol/l; also patients with severe IHD and severe hypercholesterolaemia, included in secondary prevention where it is not possible to reduce LDL-cholesterol by diet and pharmacotherapy below 3,4 mmol/l. Another indication for treatment by LDL apheresis are patients where cardiosurgery cannot be performed because of angiosclerosis. These are patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia which does not respond to drugs and with diffuse changes of the coronary circulation in young age, which cannot be treated by angioplasty or coronary bypass, and also patients after a coronary bypass with a refractory disorder of the lipid metabolism. LDL apheresis is furthermore indicated in patients with severe hyperlipidaemic crises which eventually develop into necrosis of the pancreas. Long-term LDL-apheresis leads to regression of manifestations of xanthomatosis of the skin and tendons, it prevents progression and starts regression of atherosclerosis in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia. In homozygotes with familial hypercholesterolaemia treatment by LDL-apheresis leads to prolongation of life and improves the quality of life. In heterozygotes neither prolongation of the life span nor a lower incidence of IHD is observed, while the quality of life improves and regression of atherosclerosis occurs. A combination of LDL-apheresis, dietary provisions and hypolipidaemic treatment in heterozygotes is the most effective method to reduce the LDL-cholesterol level. Extracorporeal elimination of LDL-cholesterol can be done by non-selective centrifuging or membrane plasmapheresis. More recent methods of LDL-apheresis are more selective and effective. They use active columns or capsules to remove atherogenic particles from plasma. These methods include cascade filtration, immunoadsorption heparin-induced LDL precipitation, thermofiltration and dextran-induced LDL precipitation.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal elimination of LDL-cholesterol in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: indications and methods]. 857 8

The clinical cand lipid abnormalities in 45 cases of xanthelasma are reported. Their findings suggest that xanthelasma is seen in some patients as an isolated clinical symptom with normal serum lipid level% representing a local derangement of cellular lipid metabolism. Nevertheless it is noted in many patients with moderate elevation of different serum lipid fractions without any other clinical manifestations, occurring probably as a resultof benign derangement of systemic lipid metabolism. Less frequently, it is observed with significant elevation of serum lipid levels in association with certain grave abnormalities like hypertension, ischaemic heart disease,' familial hypercholesterolemia, familial xanthomatosis, diabetes etc. Thus it is inferred that the symptom xanthelasma signifies disturbed lipid metabolism of several and the, patient needs thorough investigation.
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PMID:Clinical and Lipid Profile Studies in Xanthelasma Palpebrarum. 2817 22