Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative histochemical and clinical study concerning the state of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the human atrial myocardium was carried out, using the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method. Specimens from the right auricular appendage were obtained during open-heart surgery from patients suffering from 1. ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 2. atrial septal defect of the secundum type (ASD), and 3. left-sided univalvular or multivalvular heart disease (VHD) with or without congestive heart failure (CHF) experienced prior to surgery. In the IHD group the densities of both the perivascular and the "free" myocardial adrenergic nerve net were greater than in the ASD group and especially in the VHD/CHF group. Secondly, the intensity of fluorescence of the adrenergic structures was generally higher in the IHD group than that in the VDH/CHF group. Further, the average size of the varicosities, the number of varicosities per given length of axon, and the proportional share of the large varicosities were greater in the IHD group than in the ASD and VHD/CHF groups. The difference between the IHD and ASD groups was not great but was obvious in any case. In some patients with VHD/CHF fluorescing axons were observed only occasionally, and the tiny varicosities exhibited a hardly discernible fluorescence. Thus the amount of noradrenaline (NA) in the adrenergic fibres in the IHD group seems to be higher than in the ASD and especially VHD/CHF groups. The level of NA in the IHD group is assumed to constitute a contributory factor in both intracellular metabolic changes and the systemic changes typical of myocardial ischaemia and infarction. In one patient with IHD and in six patients with VHD/CHF with significantly higher heart volume (mean+/-SD) compared with the rest of the patients (P less than 0.001), huge local axonal accumulations of NA in the form of "droplet fibres" were found. These enlarged, bulging adrenergic axons are assumed to be a consequence of mechanical trauma with stretching or disruption of the axons due to myodegenerative processes. It is further assumed that these "droplet fibres" are relatively common in those patients with diseased myocardium. They may constitute an extra contributory factor to the tendency to arrhythmiility of non-atuomatic tissue.
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PMID:Studies of auricular catecholamines by fluorescence histochemistry in various heart diseases of man. 14 May 8

Sea pilots must be capable of carrying out their work in all situations. Thus, they must not have any disease or defect, that could impair their job performance. By periodic medical examinations attempts are made to ensure their working capacity. In most countries these examinations are carried out by a general practitioner and they include only few if any objective laboratory tests. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effectiveness of the periodic medical examinations to find out in the population of pilots examined persons with health risks, especially risks for cardiovascular diseases. All the pilots examined were over 45 years old (n = 135, response rate 88%). Self-evaluation of health was carried out by a questionnaire. Blood analyses were made and chest X-ray as well as exercise-ECC were taken. The most common subjective symptoms concerned musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal systems; sleep disturbances were also quite common. The three most frequent diseases diagnosed earlier by a doctor were musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal diseases, and arterial hypertension. About 24% of pilots had a lower physical working capacity than predicted. The body mass index indicated at least 11% overweight in half of the cases. At exercise-ECG four pilots appeared to have an ischaemic heart disease and additionally eleven pilots had abnormal ECG. Over 80% of pilots had a serum cholesterol value higher than 5 mmol/l, and serum triglyceride values exceeded the normal value of 2.0 mmol/l in every fourth case. Serum glutamyl transaminase was pathological in over 20% of the cases, and serum glucose level in 8%. The findings by routine physical examinations were very few consisting of stiffness in musculoskeletal system, two cases of elevated blood pressure, two heart murmurs, varicose veins etc. In two cases an inguinal hernia was suspected. The current periodic health examinations does not seem to effectively prevent a person with possible health defect from working as a sea pilot. More objective tests must be included in these examinations and more attention should be paid to prevention of overweight, effective treatment of musculoskeletal symptoms, improving physical working capacity and helping pilots to manage their psychic stress.
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PMID:Is there need for change of health examinations for sea pilots? 134 94

Stellate ganglia from patients who had succumbed to various diseases were examined by a fluorescent histochemical technique using 2% glyoxylic acid. Catecholamines were detectable in the major neurons, in small intensely fluorescent cells, and in adrenergic fibers with varicosities at levels that varied with the patient's age, cause of death, duration of the agonal period, the treatment administered, and the time when the material had been taken after death. All adrenergic structures of the ganglia were clearly demonstrable after early autopsies of those who had died suddenly from pulmonary artery thromboembolism in the absence of other abnormalities. The ganglia were found to be greatly depleted of catecholamines in cases of sudden cardiac death in the presence of ischemic heart disease before the development of myocardial infarction as well as in those of rapid death from stroke.
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PMID:[Changes in the adrenergic structures of the human stellate ganglia in pathological states]. 344 9

Myocardial noradrenaline (NA) content, together with the activities of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was measured in biopsy specimens taken during cardiac surgery from patients with various heart diseases. Fluorescence histochemical studies were also performed on comparable specimens. The mean NA content in patients with symptomatic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was significantly higher than that in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), atrial septal defect (ASD) or congestive heart failure (CHF). The lowest mean NA content was found in patients with CHF. The activities of TH and DBH were highest in the IHD group, although the differences between IHD and VHD groups were not significant. Histochemical investigations of adrenergic structures showed less fluorescence intensity in the CHF than in the other 3 groups. On the other hand, the density of the adrenergic nerve net and the size and number of varicosities were greatest in patients suffering from IHD. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these various disease conditions. In IHD the high myocardial NA content creates local conditions for excessive NA release into the myocardial interstitium at the onset of ischaemia, which is known to result in several adverse local consequences.
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PMID:Myocardial catecholamines and their biosynthetic enzymes in various human heart diseases. 612 8

The most frequent cause of acute ischaemia of the lower limbs is arterial: thrombotic, embolic and spastic. In cases of arterial embolism, the site of origin is the left side of the heart in 9 cases out of 10: ischaemic heart disease in 2/3 of cases, with atrial fibrillation (A.F.) in 50% of cases, rheumatic valvular disease with A.F. in 1/5 of cases and more rarely, idiopathic A.F., auricular disease and cardiomyopathies. Arterial emboli can be fragments from a wall thrombus (aortic or arterial aneurysm), or atheromatous material from an ulcerated plaque. In 11% of cases the origin of the embolus is never found. Arterial thrombosis is due to chronic vascular disease in 1/3 of cases, popliteal aneurysm and thromboangiitis obliterans. The iatrogenic causes are rare: use of the arterial route, and arterial prosthesis, accidental intra-arterial injection during sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Arterial spasm is seen in cases of phlegmatia caerulea dolens. It ben be iatrogenic (ergotamine tartrate, dihydroergotamine, methysergide), toxic (L.S.D.) or spontaneous.
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PMID:[Etiology of acute ischemia of the lower limbs]. 684 90

It was aimed at observing the histochemical basis of physiological experiment about the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in this paper. The capillaries of myocardium were reflected with both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Mg(2+)-ATPase. Thirty min after ligating the left ventricular branch (LVB), the capillaries stained by ALP were much decreased in the ischemic group without EA, while in EA group they were increased distinctly. The number and the total length of the capillaries in a 220 x 320 microns ischemic area of the posterior wall (section 10 microns) were measured and compared. In ischemic group the number was 17.2 +/- 1.65, the length was 634.62 +/- 66.24 microns, in EA group 22.5 +/- 1.44, 1187.57 +/- 103.69 microns, respectively. Both counts were significant differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). It reflected that EA could improve the microcirculation and metabolic function of AMI. Mg(2+)-ATPase was shown on the plasma membrane of endothelial cell of microvasculature and analysed quantitatively with a Univar scanning microspectrophotometer. After occluding LVB for 30 min its optic density of AMI was decreased to 106.83 +/- 14.06, while it was increased to 210.83 +/- 24.88 in EA group, P < 0.05. The activity of Mg(2+)-ATPase could increase in transporting Na+, k+ ions through the membrane of the endothelial cells of ischemic myocardium. The result was consistent with the physiological experiment, because EA could regulate the changes of mean repolarization rate induced by AMI and adjust the ion concentration of transmembrane. The catecholamine (CA) in myocardium was located at sympathetic adrenergic terminals with varicosities containing norepinephrine (NE).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of EA on the enzymes of microvasculature and CA fluorescence in acute myocardial ischemia]. 792 21

In acute myocardial ischemia, noradrenaline is released locally from sympathetic varicosities by a Ca(2+)-independent nonexocytotic release mechanism that is effectively suppressed by inhibitors of the neuronal noradrenaline carrier (uptake1). The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the significance of free axoplasmic amine concentration and disturbed neuronal sodium homeostasis for nonexocytotic noradrenaline release in the human heart by comparing the release induced by anoxia with that induced by reserpine, tyramine, or veratridine. The overflow of endogenous noradrenaline and dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol was assessed in human atrial tissue incubated in calcium-free Krebs-Henseleit-solution to prevent interferences by exocytotic release. The overflow of dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol served as indicator of the free axoplasmic noradrenaline concentration. When vesicular uptake was blocked by the reserpine-like agent Ro 4-1284, high dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol overflow was observed without concomitant noradrenaline overflow. If, however, Ro 4-1284 was combined with sodium pump inhibition (by omission of extracellular potassium) or with alteration of the transmembrane sodium gradient (by lowering the extracellular sodium concentration), both dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and noradrenaline were released. The indirectly acting sympathomimetic tyramine induced a marked increase in noradrenaline overflow which was accompanied by overflow of high amounts of dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, indicating interference of the drug with both vesicular catecholamine transport and amine transport via uptake1. Likewise, veratridine induced an overflow of noradrenaline (which was prevented by blockade of uptake1) and dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol indicating a reserpine-like action of the drug. A disturbed energy status of the sympathetic neuron induced by cyanide intoxication or anoxia caused noradrenaline overflow which was suppressed by uptake1 blockade. Blockade of sodium channels by tetrodotoxin effectively reduced noradrenaline overflow during cyanide intoxication but not during anoxia. Anoxia-induced noradrenaline release, however, was markedly suppressed by inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange with ethylisopropylamiloride, indicating the Na+/H+ exchange as the predominant pathway for sodium entry into the sympathetic neuron during anoxia. The results demonstrate that disturbed neuronal sodium homoeostasis and impaired vesicular storage function are critical conditions, causing nonexocytotic noradrenaline release in anoxic human cardiac tissue.
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PMID:Nonexocytotic noradrenaline release induced by pharmacological agents or anoxia in human cardiac tissue. 883 82

Present study comprised of 1070 elderly patients coming to P.H.C. Bhopauli, Varanasi during January 1991-December 1992. Males were 578 and females were 492. Male predominance was present in younger elderly whereas female predominance was seen among those over 75 years of age. Socio-economic status-wise 265 cases belonged to upper, 394 middle and 411 to lower income group. Arthritis (615) was the commonest disease in elderly followed by hypertension (510), visual problems (400), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (350), hearing impairement (300), diabetes mellitus (DM) (280), protozoal and worm infestations (240), chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema (238), tuberculosis (220), peptic ulcer syndrome (210), varicose vein (200), haemorrhoids (180), urinary problems (154). Two hundred and forty seven cases had 2 diseases followed by 3 diseases (239), 4 diseases (165), 5 diseases (127) and more than 5 diseases (81). Multiple diseases were more frequent among those above 75 years of age. Atypical presentations and complications of different diseases were more frequent among older elderly.
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PMID:Health problems in rural elderly at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. 925 27

A 64-year-old man with history of ischaemic heart disease and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but no history of peptic ulcer or liver disease, presented with retrosternal pain and coffee-ground vomitus. Endoscopy revealed a long column of bluish discolouration with normal mucosa interpreted as a grade IV oesophageal varix. Computed tomography showed a non-enhancing low-density submucosal columnar lesion in the mid- and lower oesophagus consistent with a submucosal haematoma. This resolved on follow-up at 10 days. The magnetic resonance features of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images of this lesion are also highlighted.
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PMID:Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus: CT and MRI appearances. 959 30

Bacteriological examination of angiocardiac system, biocenosis of the intestine and upper respiratory tracts was made in 3473 patients who were to be operated or reoperated for congenital or acquired valvular defects in the presence of chroniosepsis and chronic septic endocarditis, complicated IHD. 375 patients with other diseases served control. 74 of them have undergone surgery for varicose veins of the legs. Preoperative contamination with opportunistic microflora was found in the heart, major vessels, veins of the majority of the patients. There was also dysbiosis of natural biotops. Patients with valvular defects to be reoperated 2-20 years after the initial operation on the heart had infection in the angiocardiac structures, severe dysbiosis of natural biotops, i.e. advanced dysbiosis--severe persistent condition with permanent source of endogenic infection complicated the underlying disease and bringing postoperative septic complications.
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PMID:[Disbiotic conditions in patients operated and reoperated for heart defects and ischemic heart disease]. 1072 47


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