Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The attack rate for pneumonia increases with increasing age and with residence in a nursing home. The rate of hospitalization of Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Canada, residents with pneumonia was 1 in 1,000, while for nursing home residents it was 33 in 1,000. The overall mortality rate for community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization was 21.9%. Mortality was age-related: Seven percent of those 30 years of age or younger died, while 38% of those in the 81 to 90 year age group died. Comorbidities increased with increasing age from 0.73 +/- 0.81 for those 30 years old or younger to 2.75 +/- 1.47 for those 71 to 80 years of age. The most common comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, alcoholism, and neurological disease. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was a significant comorbidity among those 50 years of age or younger. Age-dependent trends were observed in the use of antimicrobial therapy: Cefamandole and aminoglycosides were prescribed more frequently with increasing age, whereas after the age of 61 years, the use of erythromycin declined. Penicillin usage was not age-dependent. Resource (hemograms, chest radiographs, blood chemistry, blood gases, and sputum culture) use peaked at the 50 to 60 year age group.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. 209 71

In recent decades an increase in the number of fractures of the proximal femur was recorded in this country and world-wide. The majority of patients with this diagnosis is above 70 years of age and their treatment comprises in addition to the medical aspect also economic and social problems. The objective of the present work is to summarize briefly the results achieved during the five-year trial focused on socio-economic problems of treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal femur. The investigated group comprised 244 patients hospitalized at the Orthopaedic Department of the Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University in 1997 with 248 fractures of the proximal femur. Thirty-nine fractures were treated conservatively, 116 by internal fixation and in 93 cases an arthroplasty was implanted. In the course of the first year of treatment 85 patients died. The therapeutic results after one year were evaluated in 159 patients. The total annual costs of the investigated group were 15.9 million crowns. The mean annual costs of treatment of one fracture of the proximal femur was 64,000 crowns. The ratio of deaths rose with age (p = 0.003), it did not depend on the social background of the patient (p = 0.16) and the quality of locomotor activity before the injury (p = 0.16). No type of fracture was associated with a higher or lower mortality (p = 0.09). A statistically significant higher mortality was recorded in patients included in the higher class of the ASA score (p < 0.001) and in conservatively treated patients (p < 0.001). The type of anaesthesia did not affect the mortality. The functional results were significantly worse in patients living before the injury in a dependent position (0.01 < p < 0.05) and with restricted physical activity (p < 0.01). The type of fractures did not affect significantly the functional results (p > 0.05). Poorer functional results were recorded in patients with ischaemic heart disease (p < 0.001) and neurological disease in their history (p < 0.001). Also inclusion into a higher class of surgical risk according to the ASA score was associated with poorer functional results (p < 0.001). Different types of anaesthesia and different methods of surgical treatment did not affect the quality of functional results. However the functional results were better in operated patients as compared with conservatively treated patients (p < 0.001).
 ...
PMID:[A socioeconomic study of patients treated for fractures of the proximal femur]. 1271 10

Sudden unexplained/unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), with an incidence of 0.35-9.3/1000 patient-years depending on the severity of epilepsy, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Potential pathomechanisms comprise cardiac arrhythmia, due to myocardial ischemia, electrolyte disturbances, arrhythmogenic drugs, or transmission of the epileptic activity via the autonomic nervous system to the heart, and central or obstructive apnea. In most studies on SUDEP, data are lacking about the family and patient's own clinical history, cardiovascular symptoms, concomitant diseases and prior findings. Whether arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, other neurologic disorders, lung diseases, smoking or electrolyte disturbances are risk factors for SUDEP is unknown. Whereas cardiac dysfunction during seizures has been documented by electrocardiography, and cardiac abnormalities are found in up to 33% of SUDEP cases autoptically, investigations between seizures found only little cardiac abnormalities. More knowledge about the cardiovascular and pulmonary status of epileptic patients during, immediately after and between seizures is needed, which may contribute to better understand and possibly prevent SUDEP by measures like "cardioprotective" drugs, respiratory therapy or implantation of a cardioverter/defibrillator.
 ...
PMID:Cardiorespiratory findings in sudden unexplained/unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). 1513 67

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a multisystemic disorder with symptoms most commonly caused by vascular insufficiency. Multiple comorbidities occur frequently among men who have ED; thus ED may signal disorders with similar etiologies, including psycho-social problems, endocrine imbalances, neurologic disorders, and particularly cardiovascular risk or frank disease. Evidence is accumulating that vascular ED signals endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk. ED may be a strong signal of increased risk of silent myocardial ischemia in men who have uncomplicated type-2 diabetes mellitus and of future symptomatic cardiovascular disease in men who do not have diabetes. ED patients should be evaluated for cardiovascular risk and frank disease because early detection may allow early treatment and decreased morbidity. The best method for evaluating men with ED for cardiovascular risk, and the role of ED as a screening test for increased cardiovascular disease risk need further study.
 ...
PMID:Erectile dysfunction is a signal of risk for cardiovascular disease: a primary care view. 1632 23

The existence of stunned myocardium and reversible myocardial dysfunction is widely described and accepted in patients suffering ischemic heart disease. However, it cannot be exclusive to coronary disease. Classically, the appearance of electrocardiographic changes in the critical neurological disease has been described. However, at present, it seems to be observed that some of these patients with critical neurological disease could have variable grades of myocardial dysfunction, which is generally reversible in the surviving patients. This myocardial dysfunction, which could affect critically ill neurological patients, has traits similar to stunned myocardium generated in coronary patients since: a) it is generally associated to electrocardiographic changes, b) it can be accompanied by segmental contractility disorders and even c) it may be accompanied by a certain increase of cardiac biomarkers. Although its etiopathogeny is unknown, it could be related with the severity of the primary neurological disease. Its prophylaxis and prognosis are also unknown. It could be related with neurogenic edema, with hemodynamic instability, and could also play a very important role in brain death and in organ donation.
 ...
PMID:[Neurogenic stunned myocardium]. 1663 26

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multi-potent stem-like cells that are capable of differentiating into both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineages. In fact, in addition to bone, cartilage, fat, and myoblasts, it has been demonstrated that MSCs are capable of differentiating into neurons and astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. MSCs are of interest because they are isolated from a small aspirate of bone marrow and can be easily expanded in vitro. As such, these cells are currently being tested for their potential use in cell and gene therapy for a number of human diseases. Nevertheless, there are still some open questions about origin, multipotentiality, and anatomical localization of MSCs. In this review, we discuss clinical trials based on the use of MSCs in cardiovascular diseases, such as treatment of acute myocardial infarction, endstage ischemic heart disease, or prevention of vascular restenosis through stem cell-mediated injury repair. We analyze data from clinical trials for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is a genetic disease characterized by production of defective type I collagen. We describe progress for neurological disease treatment with MSC transplants. We discuss data on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and on lysosomal storage diseases (Hurler syndrome and metachromatic leukodystrophy). A section of review is dedicated to ongoing clinical trials, involving MSCs in treatment of steroid refractory Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD); periodontitis, which is a chronic disease affecting periodontium and causing destruction of attachment apparatus, heart failure, and bone fractures. Finally, we will provide information about biotech companies developing MSC therapy.
 ...
PMID:From the laboratory bench to the patient's bedside: an update on clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells. 1722 88

The Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system is dynamic and complex, involving many binding proteins, binding-protein-related proteases, and receptors. It has emerged in time as a powerful defence to life processes of many cytotypes, tissues and systems. Mainly in body metabolism, diabetes and cardiovascular system, but also in brain and kidney, IGF-1 plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis, increasing progenitor cell potential, and improving physiologic performance both in rest and stress conditions. Its vasculoprotective and insulin sensitizing ability exerts a protective role on flow-metabolism coupling and organs function. Therapeutical human use of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) has been widely applied only in Laron syndrome, while being verified in many randomized controlled trials to improve glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and proposed in neurological disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Sparse evidence exists moreover about rhIGF-1 use in insulin resistance, burns, catabolic and post-surgery states, acute and chronic renal failure, amyotrophic lateral and multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and immunoincompetence. Along with these data, results are available on cardiovascular benefit of administration of other growth factors, such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor, or on cardiovascular side effects of growth factor antagonists such as trastuzumab in cancer therapy. We intended therefore to summarize in this review available human and animals evidence about rhIGF-1 effects on different systems with insights on rhIGF-1 cardiovascular effects. In view of its ability to improve flow-metabolism coupling, IGF-1 could indeed represent a new cardiovascular disease treatment option for many cardiac disorders such as ischemic heart disease and heart failure.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1: a new cardiovascular disease treatment option? 1885 38

To study associations of bullous pemphigoid (BP) with internal diseases, we conducted a retrospective case control study assessing the frequency of selected diseases - diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, malignant tumors, benign prostate hyperplasia, hypertension and ischemic heart disease in patients with BP. 89 patients with BP, whose data were retrieved from the register of the Centre of bullous diseases from the period of 1991-2006, were matched with 89 controls of the same age and gender, recruited from patients treated for other skin diseases. The frequency of internal diseases at the time of the onset of BP was evaluated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age and gender and maximum likelihood test for contingency tables. Neurological disease was found in 42.7% of the patients and in 19.1% of controls. This difference was statistically significant (p value = 0.001). Moreover, regression analysis has shown that patients with neurological disease in the age group >or= 80 years have significantly higher risk of pemphigoid than patients without neurological disease (odds ratio 10.55; 95% confidence interval 2.68 to 41.49). Most frequent were cerebral stroke in men and dementia in women. For other diseases and other age groups, no statistically significant influence was found.
 ...
PMID:Bullous pemphigoid and internal diseases - A case-control study. 1979 38

Thrombolysis with intravenous tissue (IV) plasminogen activator (tPA) is considered for patients with acute ischemic stroke falling within the described inclusion criteria defined by The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rtPA trial. Complications of IV thrombolysis with tPA are commonly related to hemorrhage, anaphylaxis, or arterial occlusion. We describe two cases of acute myocardial infarction (MI) following IV tPA infusion for acute stroke. One of the patients had underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD) while the other did not have any prior IHD. Both had presented with acute ischemic stroke within the window period of thrombolysis and had no contraindications for thrombolysis. Both the patients succumbed due to myocardial infarction and cardiovascular collapse due to new onset arrhythmias. Acute MI immediately following IV tPA for stroke is a rare but serious complication. The disruption of intracardiac thrombus and subsequent embolization to coronary arteries may be an important mechanism in the occurrence of MI after administration of tPA for acute ischemic stroke. As both the patients succumbed before the arrangement for coronary angiography, the demonstration of intracardiac or intracoronary thrombus was not possible. But clinically, the presence of chest pain with elevated troponin levels and ST segment elevation pointed to MI. We suspect that fragmentation and lysis of intracardiac thrombus may result in MI after use of tPA for acute ischemic stroke, though the remote possibility of simultaneous occurrence of two atherosclerotic events MI and stroke exists.
 ...
PMID:Acute myocardial infarction following intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: An unknown danger. 2043 51

High blood pressure is one among the leading contributors to burden of disease globally. Approximately 54 % of stroke and 47 % of ischemic heart disease events worldwide were attributable to high blood pressure in the year 2001. There is deficiency of data on the long-term outcome of hypertension in children. In spite of this, there is sufficient evidence to suspect that the health risks of hypertension in pediatric patients are substantial. Hypertension in childhood is known to result in hypertension in young adulthood. The epidemiology of hypertension in children is well represented from various studies conducted across continents. Factors like methodological issues in measurement, socio demographic differences, adiposity levels and ethnicity appear to influence the distribution of blood pressure as well as prevalence of hypertension in children. The etio-pathogenesis of essential (primary) hypertension is multi-factorial in origin. Obesity, insulin resistance, activation of sympathetic nervous system, alterations in sodium homeostasis, renin-angiotensin system changes, changes in vascular smooth muscle structure and reactivity, high serum uric acid levels, genetic factors and fetal programming have been reported to contribute to this disorder. The causes of secondary hypertension vary with age. Renal disorders and coarctation of the aorta are the most common causes of hypertension in children up to age 6 y. In older children, renal parenchymal disease remains the most frequent cause of increased blood pressure. Other causes of hypertension in children are relatively rare and include systemic arteritis and certain tumours, endocrine dysfunction, and neurologic disorders.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and pathogenesis. 2294 Nov 55


1 2 Next >>