Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) are potent vasodilators in humans and improved myocardial ischemia is observed after CGRP administration. Receptors for CGRP and ADM were already identified in heart. Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) determine the ligand specificity of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR); co-expression of RAMP1 and CRLR results in a CGRP receptor, whereas the association of RAMP2 or RAMP3 with CRLR gives an ADM receptor. As CGRP and ADM may play a beneficial role in heart failure, we investigated whether the CGRP and ADM receptors are upregulated in chronic heart failure. We have used semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis to detect and quantify the mRNA and the protein of RAMP1 and RAMP3 in both atria and ventricles of failing hearts 6 months after aortic banding in rats. Our results showed for the first time an up-regulation of RAMP1 and RAMP3 mRNAs and proteins in this model of cardiac failure. No change was observed in mRNAs coding for CRLR, RAMP2, RDC1 (canine orphan receptor), and ADM. The present results suggested after congestive heart failure in adult rats, an up-regulation of the CGRP receptor (by an increase in RAMP1 that is associated with CRLR) in atria and ventricles and of ADM receptor (by increased RAMP3 expression that is associated with CRLR) in atria. These findings support a functional role for CGRP and ADM receptors to compensate the chronic heart failure in rats.
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PMID:Increased myocardial expression of RAMP1 and RAMP3 in rats with chronic heart failure. 1205 17

Apelin is a recently discovered biologically active peptide present in several isoforms that are agonists for orphan receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ receptor were found in the central nervous system and in different peripheral tissues. In the cardiovascular system the peptide is present both in the heart and in the endothelium and smooth muscles cells of the vascular wall. Acting on cardiomyocytes apelin exerts positive inotropic effect, in the endothelium it releases nitric oxide, which mediates its vasodilatory action, while acting directly on smooth muscles cells it causes vasoconstriction. Apelin interacts with other compounds regulating blood pressure; for instance with angiotensin II, vasopressin, and with the sympathetic nervous system. Special attention is focused on the possibility of positive role of apelin in hypertension, initial stages of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease. Synthesis of apelin in adipocytes permits to include this peptide among adipokines. In the adipose tissue its production is increased in obesity and by insulin. It appears that apelin may play essential role in pathogenesis of insulin-resistant obesity. In patients with type 2 diabetes apelin improves glucose tolerance in initial stages of the illness. However, further experimental and clinical studies are required for full evaluation of significance of positive and negative aspects of the role of apelin in the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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PMID:[The role of apelin in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders]. 2212 10

IL-37 is a member of the IL-1 family, but unlike most other members of this family of cytokines, it has wide-ranging anti-inflammatory properties. Initially shown to bind IL-18 binding protein and prevent IL-18-mediated inflammation, its known role has been expanded to include distinct pathways, both intracellular involving the transcription factor Smad3, and extracellular via binding to the orphan receptor IL-1R8. A number of recent publications investigating the role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease have revealed promising therapeutic value of the cytokine. Although research concerning the role of IL-37 and its mechanism in atherosclerosis is relatively scant, there are a number of well-known atherosclerotic processes that this cytokine can mediate with the potential of modulating the disease progression itself. This review will probe in detail the effects of IL-37 on important pathological processes such as inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, by analyzing existing data as well as exploring the potential of this cytokine to influence these properties.
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PMID:Potential role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis. 2898 6