Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author reviewed the complications of 700 heart catheterizations in infants and children performed between 1970 and 1978 with a frequency of 55 to 113 investigations per year. Arrhythmias occurred on 70 occasions (10%), death within 24 hours: 14 (2%), extravasation of contrast media: 11 (1,6%), perforation by catheter: 6 (0,9%), cyanotic spells 5 (0,7%), myocardial ischemia: 4 (0,6%), respiratory arrest: 4 (0,6%), convulsions: 2 (0,3%), wound infection: 2 (0,3%), icterus 2 (0.3%), lung atelactasis: 1 (0,15%), bacterial endocarditis: 1 (0,15%), pyrexia: 1 (0,15%), exanthema: 1 (0,15%), pulmonary edema: 1 (0,15%), meningitis purulenta and hepatitis as possible complications: 1 (0,15%) each. The mortality figue of 2% lies well within the range of rates reported by Ho and ass. (1972): 1,5%, Stanger and ass. (1974): 3,0%, Rowe (1978): 0,95%, and Graham (1978): 2,9%. Mortality mainly occurs in sick neonates and infants with complex cardiac malformations. It could be lowered by a more aggressive approach to diagnostic work-up of suspected cardiac disease, as well as by using more sophisticated catheterization techniques and material and by introducing intensive care principles on the infant ward. Catheter related mortality (e. g. by perforation, severe arrhythmia) could be reduced to zero during the last three years. Myocardial staining by contrast media and electrocardiographic alterations suggesting myocardial ischemia occurred comparatively often but were never followed by serious or long lasting sequelae. Their occurrence was not related to the diagnosis or to the age of the patient. Respiratory arrest and convulsions could only be observed in sick infants. The seizures were not directly related to angiocardiography. All other complications were incidental events. Arrhythmias and vascular complications are discussed in separate papers.
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PMID:[The risks involved in the heart catheter examination. A retrospective evaluation of the complications after 700 examinations. II. Complications (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 26

A retrospective survey was carried out on adult medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi during the period January to December 1986, and results compared with those obtained in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. There were 4700 admissions which was more than twice the number seen in Blantyre. However, the age distribution, the pattern of disease and the overall hospital mortality were similar. Infections (malaria, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis/dysentery and meningitis) were the most common cause of admission, and the major causes of death were still tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis. Smoking related diseases were uncommon, and there was no documented case of ischaemic heart disease. The reasons for the importance of periodic surveys, such as the present study, are discussed.
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PMID:Medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi in 1986: comparison with admissions to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. 229 37

The health of Whites in South Africa in 1970 was poorer than that of the population of England and Wales, judged by the higher mortality rates (MRs) for all causes of death of White South Africans, for all ages combined and for every age interval from infancy to old age. Two groups of causes of disease were the main reasons for the poorer health of White South Africans: (i) 'diseases of the circulatory system' accounted for 50-60% of the higher MRs for all causes of death; ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the two main causes of circulatory deaths, and MRs for these two diseases were much higher in White South Africans than in England and Wales; (ii) 'accidents, poisonings and violence' accounted for 38% of the higher MRs for all causes of death in males and for 17% of those in females. Motor vehicle accidents and suicide were the main causes of accidental deaths, MRs of White South Africans being much higher than those in England and Wales. These MRs were among the highest in the world. Other diseases which contributed, to a small extent, to the poorer health of White South Africans because of the higher MRs compared with those in England and Wales were cirrhosis of the liver in adults, gastro-enteritis, meningitis and septicaemia in infants and children, and 'other ill-defined and unknown causes of death' in elderly people.
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PMID:A comparison of the mortality rates of white South Africans with those of the population of England and Wales. 740 6

For several viral infections a reservoir in wild rodents has been demonstrated. Some of the agents are known or suspected to be pathogenic for humans. Because improvements in hygiene have reduced direct human contact with rodents, domestic cats could be acting as active transmitters of these viruses from rodents to man. We selected 4 such pathogens--ortho- and parapox-, hanta- and encephalomyocarditis viruses--which, in different ways, may lead to serious human illness: Ortho- and parapoxvirus infections may cause localized pox lesions following direct skin contact. In general, the lesions heal without complications; in immunosuppressed or -deficient individuals, however, infection may generalize and take a dramatic course. Hantaviruses exist in various serotypes with different pathogenicity for human beings, varying from asymptomatic infection to highly fatal disease. In central and northern Europe the Puumala serotype is predominant causing influenza-like symptoms and renal dysfunction. Human infections arise from inhalation of aerosolized excreta of persistently infected rodents. Infections of man associated with encephalomyocarditis virus were demonstrated sporadically in cases of encephalitis and meningitis. In the present study, we investigated in 200 feline serum samples the prevalence of antibodies to ortho- and parapox-, hanta- and encephalomyocarditis virus. All serum samples were from cats that had been allowed to roam outside and to hunt. They were submitted from all parts of Austria for routine diagnosis in 1993. Four per cent of cats showed antibodies to orthopoxviruses with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres of 16-512; because of extensive cross-reactivity, positive samples reacted with all investigated orthopoxviruses (a feline orthopoxvirus recently isolated in Vienna, the reference strain of cowpox virus, Brighton, and vaccinia virus, strain IHD), only varying in titre. The specificity of the results was confirmed by virus neutralisation (VN) test, in which the same sera showed titres of 4-32. These data imply that, at least in Austria, unrecognized or subclinical orthopoxvirus infection in cats is more common than previously thought. In contrast to orthopoxviruses, all serum samples proved negative to parapoxvirus (parapoxvirus bovis 1) in VN test. In the same 200 samples, a seroprevalence of 5% was found to hantavirus (immunofluorescence antibody assay), indicating that domestic cats are susceptible to this virus and that infection is not uncommon in cat populations. Because higher titres were obtained against the Puumala serotype compared to the more pathogenic serotype Hantaan, it is most likely that the cats had experienced Puumala infections. Using HI test, antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were demonstrated in only 1.5% of the feline serum samples; although the antibody titres were low (16 and 32, respectively) we consider them specific, because these sera proved positive in VN test as well. Nevertheless, EMCV infection in domestic cats seems to be of low importance. The serological results presented in this paper, together with virological and epidemiological data, indicate that the domestic cat plays an important role only in the transmission of orthopoxviruses to human beings, but not in the case of parapox-, hanta-, and encephalomyocarditis virus.
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PMID:[Serologic studies of domestic cats for potential human pathogenic virus infections from wild rodents]. 940 1

A hiccup is involuntary, paroxysmal inspiratory movements of the chest wall associated with diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscle contractions, with the synchronized closure of glottis. The mechanism underlying this common primitive reflex plays an important role in protecting airways against esophageal aspiration. The hiccup reflex mechanism is based on the afferent pathway (vagus and phrenic nerve and sympathetic fibers innervating chest organs, the abdomen, the ear, the nose and the throat stimulation, and the stimulation of hiccup center in the central nervous system, mainly reflecting psychogenic or metabolic disorders) and the efferent pathway (phrenic nerves). An incidental hiccup is a common problem, usually resolves spontaneously and does not present a clinical issue. The clinical issue arises in the case of pathologic persistent hiccups or symptomatic secondary hiccups which may lead to significant fatigue, insomnia or depression. Generally, pathologic hiccups are associated with considerable discomfort concerning both the "stigmatized" person and his or her personal surroundings in which it evokes different emotions, from amusement through impatience to uneasiness and the suggestion of a medical visit as an expression of concern for a given person. The most common causes of pathologic symptomatic hiccups are nervous system diseases, either the central nervous system (proliferative, angiogenic, inflammatory disorders), or the peripheral nervous system: the irritation of the phrenic nerve (proliferative disorders, goitre) and the vagus nerve (otolaryngologic diseases, meningitis, esophageal, stomach and duodenal diseases, hepatitis, pancreatitis, enteritis). The vagus nerve irritation with subsequent hiccups may be caused by chest disorders (injury, surgery) and heart diseases (myocardial infarction). In the present paper we describe the case of a 62-year-old male with recurrent hiccups associated with exertion as a secondary symptom of myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Hiccups as a myocardial ischemia symptom. 1847 62

Ischaemic heart disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients typically present with chest pain and breathlessness either on exertion or at rest. Cardiac ischaemia can also lead to headache, although this is very rarely its only manifestation. Headache is mostly associated with migraine, cluster and tension headache disorders. More sinister causes include subarachnoid haemorrhage, temporal arteritis, meningitis, venous sinus thrombosis as well as vertebral and carotid artery dissection. A case of headache is presented where the underlying cause was cardiac ischaemia, itself the result of triple vessel coronary artery disease. This, also referred to as cardiac cephalgia, should be suspected in the older patient with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease presenting with recent-onset headache. Diagnosis of this requires high clinical suspicion and is essential for correct patient management.
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PMID:Acute coronary syndromes can be a headache. 2096 32

High mortality rates have been reported for methadone in both adults and children. We aimed to determine the pattern of toxicity, possible underlying diseases and treatment challenges in patients referred to our centre with early diagnosis of methadone toxicity and who later died. Medical files of all methadone-poisoned patients who had been admitted to a referral centre of toxicology between March 2011 and March 2016, died during the hospital stay and sent for autopsy to Legal Medicine Organization were retrospectively evaluated. In a total of 94 patients, autopsy findings and laboratory evaluations showed that cause of death was pure methadone toxicity in 57 (60.6%). Other causes of death were ischaemic heart disease in ten, co-ingestions (toxicities including methadone) in eight, brain haemorrhage, multi-organ failure and pneumosepsis (each in four), meningitis/encephalitis in three and head trauma and other toxicities (other than methadone but including an opioid, each in two) patients. Time of cardiopulmonary arrest was significantly different between those with pure methadone toxicity and those who died due to other causes (p = 0.01). Patients who had died due to co-ingestions and other toxicities were younger (p = 0.029) and took more bolus doses of naloxone (p = 0.042). In methadone users, especially in older ages and those with trivial response to naloxone administration, loss of consciousness should not be strictly attributed to methadone toxicity. In such patients, thorough evaluation for other possible causes of loss of consciousness is mandatory.
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PMID:Suspected Methadone Toxicity: from Hospital to Autopsy Bed. 2862 63