Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To explore whether exposure among firefighters to fire smoke could lead to an increased risk of cancer, lung disease, and heart disease, the mortality of 4546 firefighters who were employed by the cities of Seattle and Tacoma, WA and Portland, OR for at least one year between 1944 and 1979 were compared with United States national mortalities and with mortality of police officers from the same cities. Between 1945 and 1989, 1169 deaths occurred in the study population and 1162 death certificates (99%) were collected. Mortality due to all causes, ischaemic heart disease, and most other non-malignant diseases was less than expected based upon United States rates for white men. There was no excess risk of overall mortality from cancer but excesses of brain tumours (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-3.2) and lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers (SMR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.9-1.8) were found. Younger firefighters (< 40 years of age) appeared to have an excess risk of cancer (SMR = 1.45, 95% CI 0.8-2.39), primarily due to brain cancer (SMR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.2-8.7). The risk of lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers was greatest for men with at least 30 years of exposed employment (SMR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.1-3.6), especially for leukaemia (SMR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.0-5.4).
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PMID:Mortality among firefighters from three northwestern United States cities. 139 Feb 74

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents have been widely used in ischemic heart disease. They have achieved their greatest benefit in the secondary prevention of recurrent events in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). This is a review of the major clinical investigations exploring the effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients following acute MI and in a variety of patient subsets. These data indicate that the routine use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in postinfarction patients results in a 25% to 35% decrease in mortality and has increased relative and absolute benefit in patients with ventricular ectopy and left ventricular dysfunction. The adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents are discussed which indicate that these drugs are well tolerated with little or no side effects. This review supports the observation that beta-adrenergic blocking agents have an important role in the treatment of patients following an acute MI, with the exclusion of those with chronic lung disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction.
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PMID:Beta-adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of patients after a myocardial infarction. 168 43

Although several previous studies have been done on the nature and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Papua New Guinea no study has looked exclusively at a highlander population. This article reviews 154 cardiac patients who first presented to the Mt Hagen adult outpatient department over a period of one year. The study excluded non-highlanders, patients under 12 years of age, and patients with heart disease secondary to anaemia or diseases of the blood vessels. Heart disease was found to constitute a significant proportion of outpatient visits and admissions. Cor pulmonale secondary to chronic lung disease was the commonest condition seen, occurring in higher frequency than reported elsewhere, and accounting for the majority of cases of congestive heart failure. Valvular heart disease was also common, often presenting in a precocious and severe form. Congenital bicuspid aortic values were important in the generation of aortic valve disease in this population. Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances were also common. Diseases of the myocardium and pericardium occurred infrequently and were of the same nature as those reported in other studies in Papua New Guinea. Hypertension was probably underreported in this study, with renal disease being a contributing factor in the cases seen. Ischaemic heart disease represented a small number of the total cases, but was probably underreported.
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PMID:Adult heart disease in Mt Hagen: a study of 154 patients. 208 Jun 72

Twenty-four patients (five women) aged 53-72 yr with both ischemic heart disease and asthma or chronic bronchitis receiving oral beta 2-agonists also received additional bronchodilating therapy with theophylline (600 mg daily), enprofylline (600 mg daily) or placebo. The study was double-blind, randomized, triple-crossover with each regimen given for two weeks. Holter monitoring was used during 48 consecutive hours in each period. Compared with placebo, addition of theophylline and enprofylline were associated with an increased mean hourly heart rate of 6 bpm (p less than 0.001). A small, but statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase in mean hourly frequency of premature ventricular beats (PVBs) occurred with enprofylline as compared with placebo. However, in only two patients with enprofylline (and one patient with theophylline) the increase in PVBs was such that a clinically relevant proarrhythmic effect seems possible. Furthermore, ventricular tachycardia was not more frequently observed with any xanthine than with placebo. Thus, combined oral bronchodilator therapy is not contraindicated in patients with obstructive lung disease and concomitant ischemic heart disease. Holter monitoring is recommended to assess the individual patient's response to such therapy.
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PMID:Arrhythmogenicity from combined bronchodilator therapy in patients with obstructive lung disease and concomitant ischemic heart disease. 243 38

The use of digoxin in some patients with heart failure is controversial. Although many patients taking digoxin have no clinical deterioration after discontinuance of the drug, there is a group who demonstrate clinical deterioration on digoxin withdrawal (patients with enlarged hearts, S3 gallop and supraventricular dysrhythmias). The risk of digitalis administration is high in some patients with increased sensitivity to the drug--renal failure, thyroid disfunction, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstruction lung disease and geriatric patients. It seems reasonable that on 1989 the use of digitalis on heart failure should be preferred on patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, enlarged hearts and S3 gallop.
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PMID:[Role of digitalis in the pharmacologic treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. 263 52

Long-term ambulatory Holter-monitoring was used to evaluate the arrhythmogenic effects of beta 2-agonist therapy, alone and in combination with a xanthine derivative, theophylline or enprofylline. Twenty patients (mean age 51 years) with mild-to-moderate obstructive lung disease (bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis), but without concomitant ischemic heart disease were studied. Compared with beta 2-agonist therapy alone, both combined regimens were associated with a small but significant increase in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. Few serious arrhythmias were observed, however, and the clinical significance of these findings is thought to be minor. Although adenosine has been suggested to have an antiarrhythmic effect, a difference between theophylline and enprofylline in the effect on adenosine (theophylline but not enprofylline being an adenosine antagonist) would appear to be of less cardiac relevance in patients without ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive lung disease. Comparison of beta-agonist therapy alone and in combination with a xanthine derivative, enprofylline or theophylline. 286 21

The radiologic appearance of atypical cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) is presented in 10 cases admitted from 1983 to 1985, with age ranges from 74 to 89, and with diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, with myocardial infarction in 50% of them. Clinically they had asthenia, adynamia and anorexia in 80%, cough and weight loss in 50%. All of them had tachycardia, pulmonary rales and 50% pericardial rub. ECG showed in 80% anterior subepicardial ischemia, 60% posteroinferior subepicardial ischemia, 60% bifascicular block, and 50% left anterior fascicular block. Chest films were interpreted at first as pulmonary fibrosis in 90% of the cases with superior lobe involvement in 50%. Heart enlargement was present in 50%. A chronic lung disease was disclosed on clinical and pulmonary physiological grounds. It is concluded that asthenia, adynamia and anorexia were atypical manifestations of heart failure in the elderly. Silent myocardial infarction was observed in half of our patients and it was complicated with pericardial involvement in 50%. Irregular distribution of fluids in pulmonary edema was attributed to anatomic changes in elder lung. These atypical behaviour of pulmonary edema, has been misinterpreted on radiologic basis with pulmonary infection, tumours, metastasis or fibrosis. Those radiologic changes disappeared or improved in 72 hrs. with treatment of left ventricular failure.
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PMID:[Radiologic characteristics of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the elderly]. 296 66

Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong relationship between gastric cancer and cerebrovascular disease. It was speculated that salt intake might be the linking factor causing hypertension and vascular damage as well as damage to the gastric mucosa. This study tested whether hypertensive diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, occurred more frequently in patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer than expected by chance alone. In addition, it was studied whether gastric and duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with other diseases that in the past have been associated with peptic ulcer, such as liver cirrhosis, chronic lung disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The German statistics of rehabilitation were used to assess the frequency of coincidences. The statistics include a description of the primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses leading to rehabilitation. This study confirms the presence of a high coincidence of both ulcer types with liver cirrhosis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both ulcer types also occurred more frequently than expected from their general distribution. Gastric but not duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with ischemic heart disease than expected. Gastric cancer occurred more frequently in patients who had concomitant ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Duodenal ulcer was not associated with an increased risk for any disease related to hypertension. The results of the study support the contention that gastric diseases and diseases related to hypertension share a common etiologic factor.
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PMID:Concordant occurrence of gastric and hypertensive diseases. 337 23

Factors governing the immediate and long-term outcome of surgical treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysmal disease were investigated in 182 elective and 116 ruptured consecutive cases. There was a 3.3% operative mortality for elective procedures and a 46.6% mortality for ruptured aneurysms. Long-term survival of elective resections was significantly reduced by age (0.01 less than p less than 0.025) and concomitant heart disease (0.025 less than p less than 0.05). Compensated renal insufficiency and chronic obstructive pneumopathy were not enough individually to preclude elective resection. In the emergency procedures the correlation of pre-, per- and postoperative factors to mortality was assessed: patient age (p = 0.01) and preoperative duration of symptoms less than 6 hours (p = 0.0076), arterial hypotension at the outset, during and at the end of operation (p = 0.0195; 0.0076 and 0.005 respectively), blood loss (p = 0.003), suprarenal extension of aneurysm (p = 0.0098) and intraperitoneal hemorrhage (p = 0.0094) were significant predictive factors in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis peroperative duration of hypotension greater than 30 minutes was the strongest single independent discriminator (p = 0.0076), death being caused by myocardial ischemia in elderly patients, secondary to poorly tolerated severe hypovolemia.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of aorto-iliac aneurysmal disease. Factors affecting survival and long-term results. 365 31

The frequencies of several factors, including major physical disease, in employed and unemployed men enrolled in the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) have been compared. The BRHS is a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men selected at random from general practices in twenty-four towns. The unemployed group was subdivided into those who said they were unemployed because of ill-health and those who regarded their unemployment as not due to illness. The ill unemployed reported a much higher rate of doctor-diagnosed illnesses than the not-ill unemployed or the employed. The frequencies of bronchitis, obstructive lung disease, and ischaemic heart disease were higher in the unemployed than the employed, with the highest rates in the ill unemployed. The frequency of hypertension was the same in employed and unemployed men. Cigarette smoking and heavy drinking were apparently more common among the unemployed, but after adjustment for social class and town of residence only smoking was slightly higher among the unemployed. Use of tranquillisers was three to four times more common in the ill unemployed than in the not-ill unemployed or the employed. In this study, the unemployed had far more chronic physical illnesses than the employed, whether or not the employed men regarded themselves as ill. Studies of the health consequences of unemployment must allow for the pre-existing state of health, and evidence on the state of health cannot rely solely on self-reporting of illness.
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PMID:Health of unemployed middle-aged men in Great Britain. 612 28


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