Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Findings from 44 autopsy examinations of cardiac transplant patients during a 10-year period were reviewed. The autopsy rate was 85%. One half of the autopsy patients underwent original transplantation for ischemic heart disease and 34% for cardiomyopathy. Survival after transplantation ranged from 0 (intraoperative) to 91 months. Rejection (including hyperacute rejection) was responsible for 41% of deaths, followed by infection (25%), and intraoperative deaths at first transplantation (9%). Most of the remaining complications were related to surgery or artificial heart support, accelerated allograft atherosclerosis, and lymphoma. Infections were not only responsible for a substantial percentage of deaths but were also a co-morbid finding in a number of patients who died primarily of other causes. Pulmonary infections represented the most common anatomic site. Twenty-five percent of the autopsy patients had gastrointestinal and/or pancreatic abnormalities, principally mucosal inflammation, erosions or hemorrhage, and pancreatitis. Review of premortem rejection history indicated that 64% of patients who died of or with rejection at autopsy had had an episode of rejection 3 weeks after transplantation and/or at least one episode of severe rejection.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in cardiac transplant patients. A 10-year experience. 154 52

In a study over one year, it was observed that mortality amongst hospitalised patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIBDM) was nearly 20%. Those dying within 24 hr were classified as group A, between one day and one week as B, between one week and one month as C, and those after one month as D. There were 31 patients each in groups A and B, 14 in C, and 4 in D. The mean age at death was 61 years in the first three groups. The prevalence of cerebro-vascular accident as a terminal event was similar i.e. 32.2, 35.5 and 35.7 per cent in groups A, B and C respectively; 48% of patients in group A suffered from ischaemic heart disease. Diabetic ketoacidosis was equally prevalent amongst groups A, B and C. Infection was significantly more common in group B (45.2%) than A (P less than 0.05). Nephropathy was observed in 57% of patients in group C as compared to 22.5% in A (P less than 0.02). Cerebrovascular accident and infection were the major causes of mortality in groups B and C (80.7% and 71.4%), whereas ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular accident accounted for 80% of deaths in group A.
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PMID:Mortality events amongst non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients in Orissa. 180 Apr 90

A retrospective survey was carried out on adult medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi during the period January to December 1986, and results compared with those obtained in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. There were 4700 admissions which was more than twice the number seen in Blantyre. However, the age distribution, the pattern of disease and the overall hospital mortality were similar. Infections (malaria, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis/dysentery and meningitis) were the most common cause of admission, and the major causes of death were still tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis. Smoking related diseases were uncommon, and there was no documented case of ischaemic heart disease. The reasons for the importance of periodic surveys, such as the present study, are discussed.
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PMID:Medical admissions to Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi in 1986: comparison with admissions to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre in 1973. 229 37

Complications in 8793 hospitalised cases of diabetes in 14 years were present in 81.8 percent. It was equal in both sexes. They did not depend upon religious dietary habits or on economic condition/status of the patient. Hypertension was present in 42.2%. Ischaemic heart diseases in 27.2%. C.V.A. in 9.2% and gangrene and peripheral vascular diseases in 4.2%. Acute & chronic U.T.I. was in 31.4% and uraemia in 4.5% and K.W. Syndrome in 2.5%. In Infection Tuberculosis was in 5.9% and pyogenic skin infection in 4.1%. Vascular and renal complications increased with the duration of diabetes and with age in type II diabetes.
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PMID:Complications in 8793 cases of diabetes mellitus 14 years study in Bombay Hospital, Bombay, India. 259 29

Splenectomized subjects show a higher incidence of myocardial ischemia and of Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI). It is doubtful that implanted splenic tissue guarantees an adequate protection from OPSI. The histological characteristics and the capacity of protection from OPSI of two models of omental autoimplantation of splenic tissue in rats were examined. The implanted splenic tissue offers a significant protection from pneumococcal sepsis, even though there is no relation between implant architecture and survival rate.
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PMID:Omental autoimplantation of splenic tissue and intravenous pneumococcal challenge. A comparative study in rats. 262 85

Between March, 1985 and April, 1987, 25 orthotopic heart transplantations were performed in 20 men and 5 women aged from 17 to 58 years (mean 42 years) on account of cardiomyopathy (n = 15), ischaemic heart disease (n = 6) or miscellaneous lesions (n = 4). The immunosuppressive treatment consisted of antilymphocyte serum and corticosteroids during 10 days; cyclosporine was introduced on the 7th day and continued thereafter in association with low-dose corticosteroid therapy. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed. Acute rejection, responsible for 2 deaths (one on the 10th day, the other in the 10th week), usually occurred within the first 3 months. Infections were frequent and often serious, resulting in one death in the 7th week. One out of patients had to be treated for arterial hypertension, and 3 patients presented with renal impairment (blood creatinine over 200 mumoles/l). The actuarial survival rate at 2 years is 84 p. 100. More than one-half of the patients have resumed social and occupational activities.
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PMID:[Cardiac transplantation at the University Hospital Center of Nantes. 2 years' experience]. 314 29

Four classes of etiologic agents that cause human illness have been discovered. Sometimes members of two or more classes of agents cooperate to cause illness. Knowledge of etiology is necessary if a disease is to be eradicated. The leading causes of death in the United States have changed dramatically in the last century. Infection has been replaced by chronic illnesses of obscure etiology. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in middle age and is the major obstacle to becoming old. There are numerous similarities between animals deficient in copper and people with ischemic heart disease. The most important of these similarities are glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, abnormal electrocardiogram, hyperuricemia, and hypertension, as these characteristics are predictive of risk of ischemic heart disease. No other nutritional insult has produced these characteristics in experiments with animals; men fed diets low in copper have been found to have increased cholesterol, decreased glucose tolerance, and abnormal electrocardiograms. The process that results in ischemic heart disease is remarkably similar to that of copper deficiency. Links have been found between copper metabolism and several hypotheses on the origin of ischemic heart disease. Several aspects of the lipid hypothesis can be interpreted in terms of copper metabolism. More features of the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease can be explained in terms of copper deficiency than can be explained by any other environmental insult.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease. A major obstacle to becoming old. 358 Oct 19

Infection of primary chick embryo fibroblasts with Vaccinia WR, IHD-W, and cowpox virus even at high m.o.i. does not cause drastic early inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. This contrasts with the infection by these viruses of many eucaryotic cells. Cellular protein synthesis of mouse L cells is also only partially inhibited after infection with cowpox virus up to a m.o.i. of 2500 e.b. As predicted by Moss and Filler (1970, J. Virol. 5, 99-108) no irreversible inhibition of poxvirus replication is observed in these cells following the addition of cycloheximide early after infection. The viral cores which accumulate in chick embryo fibroblasts in the presence of cycloheximide are further uncoated after removal of the protein synthesis inhibitor. These poxvirus host cell systems can be used to identify in vivo immediate and putative delayed early viral gene products. Formation of progeny virus, viral DNA synthesis, the sequential formation of viral proteins, and sensitivity to interferon has been demonstrated in chick embryo fibroblasts after reversal of the cycloheximide block. These studies indicate a synchronized replication cycle of poxvirus after reversal of the cycloheximide block.
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PMID:Reversible inhibition of poxvirus replication by cycloheximide during the early phase of infection. 618 78

Few studies have examined the consequences of the high prevalence of diabetes in Aboriginal communities. We aimed to determine the rates and causes of mortality in all Aboriginal central Australians with diagnosed diabetes, identified by a previous study (n =374). Cohort members were followed from 1 January 1984, or the date of diagnosis (to 31 December 1986), to 31 December 1991 or death. Death certificates, medical notes and autopsy reports were examined for cause of death. There were 130 deaths in 2280.7 person-years of follow-up. Standardised mortality ratios for Aboriginal people with diabetes, compared to the Northern Territory Aboriginal population, were 209 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 158 to 273) for men and 169 (CI 129 to 218) for women. The difference in ratios for men and women was not statistically significant when adjusted for age (P = 0.2). The eight-year survival rates for men and women diagnosed between 1984 and 1986 were 55.8 per cent (CI 32.6 to 73.7) for men and 80.3 per cent (CI 64.8 to 89.5) for women. Renal disease was the direct cause of death in 22.3 per cent. Infection accounted for 20.8 per cent of deaths and ischaemic heart disease for 13.8 per cent. Forty-four per cent of death certificates made no mention of diabetes. Diabetes confers an additional risk of death on a population whose mortality is already markedly worse than that of other Australians. Unlike Western diabetic populations, infections and renal disease were more common causes of death than macrovascular disease. Diabetes amplifies the effect of the community prevalence of infection and renal disease.
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PMID:High mortality from renal disease and infection in Aboriginal central Australians with diabetes. 871 90

For several viral infections a reservoir in wild rodents has been demonstrated. Some of the agents are known or suspected to be pathogenic for humans. Because improvements in hygiene have reduced direct human contact with rodents, domestic cats could be acting as active transmitters of these viruses from rodents to man. We selected 4 such pathogens--ortho- and parapox-, hanta- and encephalomyocarditis viruses--which, in different ways, may lead to serious human illness: Ortho- and parapoxvirus infections may cause localized pox lesions following direct skin contact. In general, the lesions heal without complications; in immunosuppressed or -deficient individuals, however, infection may generalize and take a dramatic course. Hantaviruses exist in various serotypes with different pathogenicity for human beings, varying from asymptomatic infection to highly fatal disease. In central and northern Europe the Puumala serotype is predominant causing influenza-like symptoms and renal dysfunction. Human infections arise from inhalation of aerosolized excreta of persistently infected rodents. Infections of man associated with encephalomyocarditis virus were demonstrated sporadically in cases of encephalitis and meningitis. In the present study, we investigated in 200 feline serum samples the prevalence of antibodies to ortho- and parapox-, hanta- and encephalomyocarditis virus. All serum samples were from cats that had been allowed to roam outside and to hunt. They were submitted from all parts of Austria for routine diagnosis in 1993. Four per cent of cats showed antibodies to orthopoxviruses with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres of 16-512; because of extensive cross-reactivity, positive samples reacted with all investigated orthopoxviruses (a feline orthopoxvirus recently isolated in Vienna, the reference strain of cowpox virus, Brighton, and vaccinia virus, strain IHD), only varying in titre. The specificity of the results was confirmed by virus neutralisation (VN) test, in which the same sera showed titres of 4-32. These data imply that, at least in Austria, unrecognized or subclinical orthopoxvirus infection in cats is more common than previously thought. In contrast to orthopoxviruses, all serum samples proved negative to parapoxvirus (parapoxvirus bovis 1) in VN test. In the same 200 samples, a seroprevalence of 5% was found to hantavirus (immunofluorescence antibody assay), indicating that domestic cats are susceptible to this virus and that infection is not uncommon in cat populations. Because higher titres were obtained against the Puumala serotype compared to the more pathogenic serotype Hantaan, it is most likely that the cats had experienced Puumala infections. Using HI test, antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were demonstrated in only 1.5% of the feline serum samples; although the antibody titres were low (16 and 32, respectively) we consider them specific, because these sera proved positive in VN test as well. Nevertheless, EMCV infection in domestic cats seems to be of low importance. The serological results presented in this paper, together with virological and epidemiological data, indicate that the domestic cat plays an important role only in the transmission of orthopoxviruses to human beings, but not in the case of parapox-, hanta-, and encephalomyocarditis virus.
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PMID:[Serologic studies of domestic cats for potential human pathogenic virus infections from wild rodents]. 940 1


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