Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long-term ECG recording on tape (LTER) was performed in 32 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Twenty-two of the patients recorded showed ST-segment changes during the per- and early post-operative period. ST-segment depression was the most common change seen in 17 patients; however, 12 patients showed ST-segment elevation. In only nine patients were the ST-segment changes seen to be associated with major changes in pulse or blood pressure. ST-segment changes were seen as frequently in patients with, as without, known cardiovascular disease. All patients had an uncomplicated postoperative course and no case of myocardial infarction was seen. ST-segment changes during elective surgery seem to be a common phenomenon. The etiology of the observed changes is not clear and its value in the detection of per- or postoperative myocardial ischemia needs to be further evaluated.
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PMID:Computerised evaluation of the electrocardiogram during and for a short period after gall bladder surgery. 280 Sep 89

Considerable evidence from the United Kingdom and North America has shown that oral contraceptive use is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, since little is known about the link between the two in other parts of the world, WHO initiated a hospital-based case-control study in three centres in Mexico, Hong Kong, and the German Democratic Republic. Both cases and controls were asked about their past and current use of contraception as well as details on a number of potential confounding factors. Three main diagnostic categories were studied: venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke. An overall relative risk of 2.9 (95% confidence limits, 1.4-6.1) for VTE/PE was found among recent or current users of oral contraceptives. Although this elevated risk is consistent with the results of other studies, the possibility of detection bias cannot be ruled out. The small number of cases (8) of IHD identified in the course of this study greatly limited the conclusions that could be drawn for this disease. Similarly with stroke, the small number of cases limited the conclusions that could be drawn, particularly since it was not possible to distinguish between thrombotic and haemorrhagic stroke. In addition to suggesting an increased risk of VTE/PE, the study pointed out the importance of ensuring an adequate sample size based on newly-diagnosed cases, the need for a coordinating centre to monitor the study closely in each centre and to provide a central review of each case, and the necessity of more specific diagnoses for meaningful interpretation of the data.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease and use of oral contraceptives. WHO Collaborative Study. 280 19

We investigated the contribution of risk factor changes to the decline in incidence of ischaemic heart disease between three five-year periods (1972-76, 1977-81, 1982-86) in a community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) control programme, the nOrth Karelia project. Random population samples of over 10,000 people were examined in 1972, 1977 and 1982 and followed for five years. Population attributable benefits were estimated for each time period from reductions in excess risk associated with S-cholesterol, tobacco products per day and the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure which were entered in logistic models with age and sex. Changes in risk factors accounted in North Karelia for 89% and in the reference population for 20% of the decline in ischaemic heart disease from 1972-6 to 1977-81. In healthy people, risk factor reductions accounted in North Karelia for 100%, but in the reference population only for 23% of the decline. The decline was non-significant in both areas from 1977-81 to 1982-86. In subjects with either CVD or diabetes, there was no decline in North Karelia in either period, whereas 30% and 64% of the decline (ns) in the reference population in the two periods, respectively, was attributable to risk factor changes. These data suggest that although the decline in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in North Karelia did not differ from that in the reference population it was largely attributable to risk factor reductions in the healthy population. The decline in the reference population appears to be associated with changes in lifestyle, secondary prevention activities and medical care.
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PMID:Contribution of risk factor changes to the decline in coronary incidence during the North Karelia project: a within-community analysis. 280 62

In a large prospective study of cardiovascular disease in 7735 middle-aged men--the British Regional Heart Study--the 443 subjects who experienced a major ischaemic heart disease event within 7.5 years of follow-up were on average 1.6 cm shorter than the other men (p less than 0.001). The risk of heart attack was approximately twice as great in the shortest quintile of men compared with the tallest quintile. When a number of recognized risk factors for ischaemic heart disease were taken into account--age, social class, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking--there was a marked reduction in the risk of heart attack associated with height. When a measure of lung function (FEV1 not standardized for height) was adjusted for in addition to these risk factors, the height-related risk of heart attack disappeared. Indeed, FEV1 alone was sufficient to account for most of the association between height and the risk of heart attack.
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PMID:Short stature, lung function and risk of a heart attack. 280 63

In the Warsaw Pol-MONICA area, which is inhabited by 274,000 people of ages 25-64, trends in total mortality showed increases similar to those for the whole of Poland. In Warsaw, mortality from cardiovascular disease in men and from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebrovascular disease in both sexes decreased from 1976 to 1986, whereas trends for these diseases were increasing for the whole of Poland. Within the last 11 years, the MI attack rate and case-fatality rate increased in Warsaw. In the Warsaw male population, an increase in the majority of CHD risk factors was also observed. Age-adjusted mortality rates, MI attack and incidence rates, and stroke attack rates in Warsaw were all higher in men than in women. The mean values of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, Quetelet's index, and prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in Warsaw were higher in women than in men, whereas the mean values of triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, and number of cigarettes smoked as well as prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, and smoking were higher in men.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Warsaw Pol-MONICA area. 280 93

This article analyses an observed increase in cardiovascular morbidity among male farmers in Norway during the last decade in the light of the traditionally low mortality in farmers. Three hypotheses to explain the increases in CVD morbidity are tested, of which one, stating that there is a time lag in the spread of risk factors, proves to be most fruitful. Mortality data for agricultural communities show no increase in overall CVD rates, but when age-specific rates are analysed, an increase in the younger age groups emerges, especially for ischaemic heart disease. If this process continues, farmers and farming areas may change from low to high mortality, relatively speaking. It is argued that this change is due to a time lag in two waves, first an increase in risk factors such as smoking, more fatty diets and less physically demanding work, then improved lifestyles due to a better perception of risk factors. Both waves may be affecting rural areas later than the urban centres. Knowledge of such geographical and socio-economic diffusion processes is important in the planning and implementation of prevention programmes.
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PMID:The diffusion of cardiovascular disease in the Norwegian farming community: a combination of morbidity and mortality data. 281 73

Bevantolol hydrochloride, a beta adrenoceptor antagonist, can be categorized using conventional schemes as being cardioselective, devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and having weak membrane-stabilizing and local anesthetic properties. The cardioselectivity of bevantolol was conferred by the incorporation of a 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl moiety into the terminal amino portion of the molecule. This portion of the molecule also appears to account for bevantolol's in vitro binding affinity at alpha-adrenoceptor sites; the in vivo significance of which remains unclear. In the various cardiovascular disease-state models, bevantolol's profile differed from that of propranolol, i.e., there was no initial pressor response in spontaneously hypertensive or renal hypertensive rats. In a myocardial ischemia model, bevantolol, unlike propranolol, increased contractile function in the ischemic myocardium. A ring hydroxylated urinary metabolite, which occurred only in trace amounts in human urine, had an interesting profile when studied in animals at pharmacologic doses. It ranked high in cardioselectivity (like bevantolol), but unlike bevantolol showed significant intrinsic beta sympathomimetic activity. The clinical significance of this metabolite, if any, remains to be established. Collectively the preclinical profile of bevantolol showed it to have an interesting profile for a beta adrenoceptor antagonist in a variety of pharmacologic test systems.
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PMID:Bevantolol hydrochloride--preclinical pharmacologic profile. 287 86

This report describes the nuclear cardiology procedures available for use as diagnostic techniques in patients with definite or suspected cardiovascular disease. The usefulness of myocardial imaging, radionuclide angiocardiography and other radionuclide cardiovascular imaging techniques is classified within specific disease states. The clinical utility of each technique is graded from I to IV, depending on the clinical importance of the technique (I = most important; IV = not indicated). A grade of V is given for methods now considered to be in their research phase. The usefulness of these methods is discussed in patients with acute ischemic heart disease, chronic ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, pulmonary vascular disease and hypertensive heart disease. Selected references are provided.
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PMID:Guidelines for Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging, December 1986. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee on Nuclear Imaging). 294 47

It has been postulated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), the major secretory products of the human adrenal gland, may be discriminators of life expectancy and aging. We examined the relation of base-line circulating DHEAS levels to subsequent 12-year mortality from any cause, from cardiovascular disease, and from ischemic heart disease in a population-based cohort of 242 men aged 50 to 79 years at the start of the study. Mean DHEAS levels decreased with age and were also significantly lower in men with a history of heart disease than in those without such a history. In men with no history of heart disease at base line, the age-adjusted relative risk associated with a DHEAS level below 140 micrograms per deciliter was 1.5 (P not significant) for death from any causes, 3.3 (P less than 0.05) for death from cardiovascular disease, and 3.2 (P less than 0.05) for death from ischemic heart disease. In multivariate analyses, an increase in DHEAS level of 100 micrograms per deciliter was associated with a 36 percent reduction in mortality from any causes (P less than 0.05) and a 48 percent reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease (P less than 0.05), after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, cigarette smoking status, and personal history of heart disease. Our conclusions are limited by the single determination of DHEAS levels, but the data suggest that the DHEAS concentration is independently and inversely related to death from any cause and death from cardiovascular disease in men over age 50.
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PMID:A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. 294 52

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) appears to be an important mediator of ischemia and hypoxia. Despite its short half-life and the fact that it may not circulate in the blood until its values become quite high, TxA2 contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary diseases (e.g., sudden death, myocardial ischemia, circulatory shock). It does so because it propagates its own formation by activating platelets and constricting blood vessels, thus activating more TxA2 and trapping it locally within an ischemic or hypoxic region. TxA2 concentrations in the extracellular fluid of lymph of ischemic regions may be much higher than that occurring in nonischemic, normally perfused regions. Specific and potent Tx receptor antagonists (TxRA) have recently become available for study. The TxRA are useful tools in the study of the pathophysiology of Tx-dependent disease processes and have been found to be effective in a variety of ischemic disorders including circulatory shock, myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiopulmonary death. Moreover, inasmuch as early work indicates that these agents are both safe and effective in humans, Tx receptor antagonists may be employed as therapeutic agents in several cardiovascular disease states. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the role of TxRA as therapeutic agents.
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PMID:A pharmacological approach to thromboxane receptor antagonism. 294 38


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