Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is accumulating evidence that free radicals may contribute to various diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Possible health hazards can to some extent be prevented by the body's multilevel defense system against free radicals, which comprises, besides others, antioxidant vitamins. The 12-year mortality follow-up of 2,974 participants of the Basal Study allowed to test the hypothesis that low antioxidant vitamin plasma concentrations (vitamin A, C, E and carotene) were associated with increased death from cancer of various sites and death from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively. For the analysis 204 cancer cases, 132 fatalities from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 31 deaths from cerebral vascular disease were available. Cancer mortality. Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer had also lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than survivors (p less than 0.05). Calculating the relative risk with exclusion of mortality during the first two years of follow-up, low plasma carotene was associated with an increased risk for bronchus cancer (RR 1.8, p less than 0.05), and the small number of stomach cancer cases (RR 2.95, p less than 0.05) low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancer types (RR 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than 60 years) with lung cancer (RR 2.17, p less than 0.05). Studies in other cohorts with a poor vitamin E status revealed an increased risk of subsequent cancer at low vitamin E levels as well. It is concluded that low plasma levels of all major essential antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. Cardio-vascular mortality. Plasma carotene concentration below quartile 1 was associated with an increased risk for IHD (RR 1.53, p = 0.02). The same was true for low levels of both carotene and vitamin C (RR = 1.96, p = 0.022). The risk of cerebrovascular death was elevated in subjects with low carotene in the presence of low vitamin C plasma concentration (RR 4.17, p less than 0.01). These data confirm and extend recent findings on an inverse correlation of beta-carotene and vitamin C respectively to CVD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study. 145 Jun

Oestrogen alone probably confers a degree of protection against ischaemic heart disease and stroke and is appropriate for women requiring hormone replacement therapy (HRT) who have undergone hysterectomy. However, the cardiovascular effects of the progestogens used with oestrogen in the much larger number of women who have not undergone hysterectomy are unknown. Some widely used progestogens have adverse effects on lipoprotein levels and may raise blood pressure. The antithrombin III level may be involved in determining the response to oestrogen in different settings. The indications for HRT and the effects of different formulations on cardiovascular disease constitute one of the most pressing but complex issues in present-day medical practice. These questions can only be satisfactorily answered by the randomised controlled trials that should have been initiated several years ago and the feasibility of which is only now being investigated.
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PMID:Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. 145 Aug 72

The Framingham Type A behaviour pattern (TABP), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, was examined in a cross-cultural study involving three countries known to differ in cardiovascular disease mortality, namely Germany, Lithuania and Northern Ireland. The factorial structure of the Framingham TABP scale was strikingly similar in the three countries, with three factors (work pressure, hard driving, and impatience) identified; evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the scale. Scores on all three factors showed considerable variation between the three populations for both men (multivariate P < 0.0001) and women (multivariate P < 0.0001). Of particular note, on the two factors, hard driving and impatience, thought to be core pathogenic elements in the TABP complex, Lithuanian and Northern Irish males and females scored substantially higher than their German counterparts. These cross-cultural variations in levels of risk are discussed in the context of the different ischaemic heart disease mortality rates in the three countries.
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PMID:The Framingham Type A behaviour pattern and coronary heart disease in three countries: a cross-cultural comparison. 148 12

The aim was to determine if certain risk factors in the general population are more strongly related to peripheral arterial disease than to ischemic heart disease. Arterial disease in the lower limbs was measured by means of the World Health Organization questionnaire on intermittent claudication, the ankle brachial pressure index, and a reactive hyperemia test in 1,592 men and women aged 55-74 years selected randomly in 1988 from the age-sex registers of 10 general practices in Edinburgh, Scotland. Peripheral arterial disease was strongly related to lifetime cigarette smoking, with additional risks in current and exsmokers of less than 5 years. Multiple regression of risk factors on measures of peripheral arterial disease showed associations with diabetes mellitus (but not impaired glucose tolerance), systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol; inverse association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and only univariate association with triglycerides. In multiple logistic regressions of risk factors on six separate indicators of cardiovascular disease, the only consistent difference was that smoking increased the risk of peripheral arterial disease (range of odds ratios, 1.8-5.6) more than heart disease (range of odds ratios, 1.1-1.6). Diabetes mellitus was not a stronger risk factor for peripheral arterial disease.
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PMID:Smoking, lipids, glucose intolerance, and blood pressure as risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis compared with ischemic heart disease in the Edinburgh Artery Study. 155 87

A retrospective cohort mortality study with 5529 nitroglycerin, 4989 dinitrotoluene, and 5136 unexposed workers compared the mortality of the exposed groups with that of the United States population and that of the unexposed group with life-table analysis and Poisson regression. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was close to that expected, and mortality from cerebrovascular disease was slightly less than that expected, for the workers with both nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene exposure and for those with dinitrotoluene exposure only. A significant interaction between age and nitroglycerin exposure was detected in the Poisson regression analyses for ischemic heart disease, particularly for workers actively exposed to nitroglycerin. The rate ratio for the workers under 45 years of age and actively exposed to nitroglycerin was 3.30 (95% confidence interval 129-8.48). This study did not show a chronic effect of nitroglycerin or dinitrotoluene exposure on cardiovascular disease risk. Potential biases related to the company's medical screening program may have limited the ability to detect chronic cardiovascular effects.
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PMID:Cardiovascular mortality among munitions workers exposed to nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene. 155 11

IIAC is a rare cardiovascular disease characterized by calcification of the membrana elastica interna and intimal proliferation in smaller and bigger arteries. This report describes a premature infant of 36 week gestational age with IIAC, which developed a hypertrophic-obstructive cardiomyopathia, acute renal failure and renovascular hypertension due to complete occlusion of both renal arteries, and eventually died at an age of 85 days. To date 86 cases of IIAC have been published. In 42 patients whose case records have been reported since 1960, cardiac failure and myocardial ischemia or infarction were the most commun clinical signs. In 54% of cases the electrocardiogramm showed myocardial ischemia. Characteristically neonates or young infants were affected by this disease, the mean onset of symptoms was 2 months, the mean time of survival was 4.2 month of age. Coronary arteries were calcified in 85% of cases; in addition, typical morphological changes were found in the arteries of lung, kidney, extremities, mesenterium, spleen, brain and the aorta. Extravascular calcification (kidney, soft tissue) could be demonstrated in 37% of the patients. The etiology of this rare disease is unknown.
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PMID:[Idiopathic infantile arterial calcinosis. A rare cardiovascular disease of uncertain etiology--case report and review of the literature]. 156 5

The slope of the cardiovascular disease incidence curve is lower for women than for men before age 50, after which it either equals or surpasses that of men. Studies have not been able to differentiate between the role of menopause and the effect of age in this increased risk, however. Some studies have identified elevated ischemic heart disease risks in women whose 1st pregnancy occurred in their early to mid-20s and nulliparous women. An analysis of 18 studies shows that estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women exerts a 15-25% protective effect against ischemic heart disease. This protection may be due to increased levels of high density lipoprotein. Studies do not yet support the cardiovascular benefits of combined estrogen-progestin therapy. In fact, progestin may adversely affect the serum lipoprotein pattern. Various cohort studies of oral contraceptive (OC) use and ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease indicate that current OC users have an overall 2-fold increased risk of these diseases, but data do not find this risk in former OC users. The relative risk for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases among current OC users is even greater in smokers (up to 39). This also holds true for the newer low strength, low potency OCs. Over the years, however, OCs have changed from high strength, high potency OCs to low strength, low potency OCs. Research is already showing that the cardiovascular risks were higher with the high strength, high potency OCs. Research also reveals an elevated risk of ischemic heart disease among current OC users 35-years old and among those who are at excess risk for reasons other than OC use. The low strength, low potency OCs even appear to have a protective effect against breast cancer. These results provide physicians with guidelines to selective prescription of OCs.
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PMID:Sex hormones and cardiovascular risk. 157 26

Mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) for the period 1979 to 1985 in the Atlanta metropolitan population was reviewed for racial differences. About 28% of the population was black in 1980. Of 22,585 deaths from hypertension, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis, 78.7% occurred among whites and 21.3% among blacks. Overall, ischemic heart disease accounted for 47.7% of these four types of CVD deaths for both races and sexes. Age-specific and age-adjusted rates were compared. Among these four causes of death, blacks have the greatest excess of deaths from hypertension over whites for both males and females; the excesses were more than 200% when the rates were age-adjusted. The excess risk of death from hypertension occurred for all ages in blacks, with an excess of about 10 times in 30- to 49-year-olds. An excess risk from stroke also occurred in blacks below the age of 75; the risk reversed afterward. The age-specific mortality rates revealed an excess from ischemic heart disease only between the ages of 30 and 59 years and from atherosclerosis between 40 and 59 years of age for black men. This age-related crossover in females did not occur until the age of 75 years for deaths attributed to these causes. These data suggest that blacks were at highest risk for all four causes at younger age groups.
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PMID:Racial differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Atlanta, 1979-1985. 157 1

The capability of MR imaging to evaluate cardiovascular disease is developing faster than ever, as is well documented by the numerous contributions that have been made to the literature during the past year. As the field progresses, MR imaging will probably become one of the preferred investigational methods for the evaluation of cardiac function. The first stage of MR imaging development emphasized replication of commonly used methods for studying morphology and analyzing global ventricular performance. Thus, validated MR imaging methods exist for the assessment of ventricular' volume, ejection fraction, and mean wall stress. More recently, emphasis has been directed toward the evaluation of regional function and perfusion, using novel methods and attracting increasing interest from the cardiovascular research community. Studies reviewed here focus on both clinical results obtained using well-established MR imaging techniques and new results using innovative methods, further extending the usefulness of MR imaging. Topics discussed include congenital and ischemic heart disease and disease of the great vessels. Technical advances in flow and velocity mapping and in the evaluation of ventricular performance are also discussed.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and the great vessels: morphology, function, and perfusion. 162 50

Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed, including blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, stress and smoking. Beta-blockers have a modest effect in reversing increased left ventricular mass, compared with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, although beta-blockers are as effective as ACE inhibitors in reducing posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness. Coronary events and many risk factors show a circadian rhythm. Beta-blockers can reduce the mid-morning (0700-1000 h) risk of ischaemic events and myocardial infarction. Catecholamine levels peak at 0700-1000 h, and catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis can be significantly reduced by beta-blockade. Beta-blockers appear to be more effective than calcium antagonists in modifying the mid-morning vulnerable period and reducing the duration of ischaemia. However, the problems of using surrogate endpoints are discussed. In young to middle-aged hypertensives, beta-blockers are more effective in primary prevention of myocardial events than diuretics, though this is not the case for the elderly. Beta-blockers are also more effective than calcium antagonists in reducing morbidity and mortality after a myocardial infarction (i.e. secondary prevention). Patients with hypertension associated with ischaemic heart disease are most likely to get maximal benefit from treatment with beta-blockers.
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PMID:Identification of patients at risk from ischaemic complications. 168 61


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