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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of hypertension in cardiovascular disease was studied in the hypertensive coarcted monkey during the feeding of an atherogenic and nonatherogenic diet. During the 15-month period of observation, half of the hypertensive coarcted monkeys developed cardiovascular disease which included heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and sudden death. There were no cardiovascular complications in the control normotensive monkeys except for one cholesterol-fed animal. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was higher in monkeys with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia than in those with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia alone. Postmortem studies revealed that the former monkeys had both hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease, whereas the monkeys with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia had either hypertensive or atherosclerotic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease was characterized not only by hypertrophy of the left ventricle but also by focal myocardial degeneration and fibrosis and by focal thickening and narrowing of the small coronary arteries, particularly the sinus node artery and the atrioventricular node artery. The finding of transmural myocardial infarction in two monkeys with patient coronary arteries suggests a possible role of coronary artery spasm in ischemic heart disease in hypertension. The cerebral vascular complications of hypertension included hypertensive encephalopathy, transient "ischemic" attacks, and hemorrhagic stroke. The complications were associated with severe hypertension and with hypertensive vascular disease or hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the cerebral arteries.
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PMID:Role of hypertension in ischemic heart disease and cerebral vascular disease in the cynomolgus monkey with coarctation of the aorta. 14 28

The clinical implications of newly acquired left bundle-branch block (LBBB) were examined prospectively in the Framingham Study population. During 18 years of observation 55 people developed LBBB. The mean age at the onset of LBBB was 62; LBBB occurred largely in people with antecedent hypertension, cardiac enlargement, coronary heart disease, or a combination of these. Coincident with or subsequent to the onset of LBBB, 48% developed clinical coronary disease or congestive failure for the first time. Throughout the entire period of observation only 11% remained free of clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities. Within 10 years of the onset of LBBB, 50% had died from cardiovascular diseases. In men, the appearance of LBBB contributed independently to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects free from LBBB confirmed that in the general adult population, newly acquired LBBB is most often a hallmark of advanced hypertensive or ischemic heart disease, or both.
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PMID:Newly acquired left bundle-branch block: the Framingham study. 15 70

Heart disease continues to be a major cause of disablement and death in Canada. Elevated serum cholesterol concentrations, hypertension and cigarette smoking are among the standard risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease. Research attention has also been directed at the role of behavioural factors in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Experimental findings support a conceptual approach to the interplay of psychologic stress, the type A "coronary"-prone behaviour pattern and pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease. It is concluded that type A behaviour and stress contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, assessment of the manner in which these two variables influence the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease requires further research, with systematic examination of physiologic and biochemical processes. Potential strategies for modifying type A behaviour are reviewed. However, unequivocal support for the preventive efficacy of behavioural approaches must await future research.
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PMID:Behavioural prevention of ischemic heart disease. 36 Nov 91

1) In "left-sided" cardiac diseases, the effects of nitroglycerin on arterial pressure and heart rate were noted to be modest and disappeared within 15 minutes whereas the effect upon venous pressure, measured on the median cubital vein, lasted for approximately 30 minutes. 2) At 30 minutes after a dose of nitroglycerin there occured a significant depression of venous pressure elevation on exertion in patients with such "left-sided" cardiac diseases as ischemic heart disease, arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive cardiovascular disorder. In patients with mitral insufficiency and aortic stenosis, on the other hand, the exertional venous pressure elevation was significantly suppressed 7 minutes after nitroglycerin although the suppression did not longer exist 30 minutes after administration. 3) The arterial pressure, heart rate, resting venous pressure and venous pressure elevation on exertion were virtually not affected by the administration of nitroglycerin in "right- or both-sided" cardiac disorders. 4) There was no significant change in cardiac output 30 minutes after a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin. The data obtained seem to stress importance of the effect of dilating capacitance vessels in the mechanism of antianginal action of nitroglycerin.
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PMID:[Effect of nitroglycerin on peripheral venous pressure at rest and during exercise in patients with heart diseases (author's transl)]. 40 92

Analysis of age-standardized death rates for the main categories of deaths, over the period 1951--1977, shows a three-quarter fall in mortality from infectious diseases, a reduction of mortality from cardiovascular disease more accentuated in women (-46%) than in men (-23%) and a decrease in mortality from tumors in women only (-21%). Suicide rates slightly increased and mortality from accidents started to decrease in 1971, more markedly in men than in women. As regards the last category including all other causes of deaths, a decline in mortality of approximately a half in both sexes was observed. Calculation of the potential years of life lost between ages 1 and 70 (PYLL) reveals that in men, for the year 1977, 25% were due to accidents, 23% to tumours and 22% to cardiovascular diseases, whereas in women tumours came first (36%) and preceded cardiovascular disease (17%). Analysis of PYLL by individual cause of death shows, in decreasing order of importance, for men: motor accidents, suicide, ischaemic heart disease, other accidents, cancer of lung, cerebrovascular disease and cirrhosis of liver, and for women: suicide, breast cancer, motor accidents, other accidents, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and uterine cancer. Finally, life expectancy at birth increased, over the period 1951--1977, from 66.4 to 71.8 years in men and from 71.0 to 78.4 years in women, which ranks Switzerland third among the 10 industrialized countries studies.
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PMID:[Mortality trends in Switzerland 1951-1977. Principal categories of the causes of death]. 51 12

Cardiovascular mortality rates (MRs) for 1970 were calculated from Department of Statistics reports for the various populations of the RSA and showed that the MRs for chronic rheumatic heart disease were highest in Coloureds and lowest in Whites, the rates for Asians and Blacks being intermediate, and that a relatively high proportion of all cardiovascular deaths in the 15- 24-year group were due to this disease. It was also found that the pattern of cardiovascular diseases differed in the various population groups as follows: in White males the MRs for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were high (4 times the rate for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In White females the MRs for IHD and CVD were similar and accounted for most deaths from cardiovascular disease. The MRs for hypertensive disease were low in Whites. Asians in the older age groups had the highest MRs for IHD, CVD and hypertensive disease of all the population groups. The MRs for IHD of Asians in general exceeded those of Whites. Coloureds had high MRs for CVD, relatively high MRs for hypertensive disease and other forms of heart disease (mainly ill-defined heart disease) and relatively low MRs for IHD (compared with Asians and Whites). Blacks had high MRs for CVD and other forms of heart disease (mainly ill-defined heart disease), relatively high MRs for hypertensive disease and very low MRs for IHD. The MRs for cardiovascular diseases in Blacks are not reliable.
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PMID:Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the various population groups in the Republic of South Africa. 55 Apr 36

Cerebrovascular disease mortality trends in England and Wales are discussed, concentrating on data relating to years after 1968. Cerebrovascular disease deaths have been found to comprise a decreasing proportion of all deaths and of all cardiovascular disease deaths. For ages under 85 the mortality rates have generally fallen for cerebrovascular disease, with females experiencing the greater improvement. Concerning the main diagnostic categories, the rates for cerebral haemorrhage and thrombosis have fallen, and have risen for subarachnoid haemorrhage and the vague rubrics (436, 437). Possible explanations for these trends are proposed including relationships to other cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the downward trend in cerebral haemorrhage mortality rates is found to be positively correlated at a significant level with that due to hypertensive disease. However, the trends in cerebral thrombosis and ischaemic heart disease mortality rates are found to be in opposite directions--a phenomenon which contradicts the widely-held view that these diseases have a common aetiology.
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PMID:The changing mortality of cerebrovascular disease. 67 51

Cardiovascular mortality in the State of Utah is among the lowest in the United States. The religion of 72% of the state residents (Mormon) proscribes the use of tobacco and alcohol; a large number of Mormons adhere to this proscription. This study analyzed the 6108 cardiovascular disease deaths between 1969--1971 in Utah of members in the Mormon Church. For both sexes, Mormons had 35% less mortality than expected from US rates for ischemic heart disease, while non-Mormons were not significantly different from US whites. These results support the relationship between cigarette smoking and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Mormon men also had lower mortality from hypertensive heart disease and Mormon women from rheumatic heart disease than non-Mormons in Utah.
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PMID:Cardiovascular mortality in Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, 1969--1971. 72 4

A study has been undertaken of the cardiovascular and lipid status of patients with pernicious anaemia (PA). There was no evidence of elevated cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations nor of an increased prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease in those patients who had positive thyroid antibodies compared with those who had not. There were also no significant differences in cardiovascular or lipid status in the antibody positive patients between those who had an exaggerated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and those who had a normal or impaired response. It is suggested that an exaggerated response to TRH in these PA patients usually indicates 'compensated euthyroidism' and not 'subclinical hypothyroidism' or 'premyxoedema' and that they are no more at risk for cardiovascular disease than are PA patients with no evidence of thyroid abnormality.
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PMID:The cardiovascular and lipid status of pernicious anaemia patients with and without thyroid antibodies. 84 21

Electrocardiograms of 8 000 flying personnel, who had been undergoing routine medical examinations from 1963 to 1976, were analysed for the presence of ventricular ectopic beats (VEB). Those in whom VEB persisted, i.e. VEB of the same form recorded in two or more tracings taken at least 1 year apart, were carefully examined for the presence of cardiovascular disease and followed up. VEB were detected in 178 (2,2%) of the 8 000 subjects. Of the 98 subjects followed up after VEB had been detected, 54 (55%) showed persistence of this arrhythmia. Significant cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischaemic heart disease, hypertension or atrial fibrillation, developed in 15 (27%) of these subjects at some time during the study. No instances of sudden death occurred over a mean follow-up period of 8,3 years, even though complex (multiform, repetitive or alternating) VEB were recorded in 20 (37%) of the 54 subjects.
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PMID:Persistent ventricular ectopic beats: a long-term study. 91 Jan 97


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