Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0151744 (myocardial ischemia)
 31,282 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sudden cardiac death can usually be resolved by the pathologist into ischaemic heart disease, non-vascular cardiac disease such as aortic stenosis or hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and infrequently a morphologically normal heart on naked eye examination. When ischaemic heart disease is present one third of cases have a recent occlusive coronary artery thrombosis. Two thirds of patients have coronary stenosis only; the minimum degree of disease reasonably associated with sudden death is one area of 85% stenosis. The majority of patients, however, have multiple areas of stenosis. The predominant causes of non-ischaemic sudden death are severe LV hypertrophy, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and the prolapsing mitral valve syndrome. Where the heart and coronary arteries are morphologically normal, review of any previous ECG's, a family history and histological examination of the myocardium and conduction system may reveal a cause or at least allow a reasonable assumption of cardiac arrhythmia to be made. Sudden unexpected death where the circumstances strongly suggest a cardiac cause may pose problems for the pathologist. Ischaemic heart disease (coronary atherosclerosis) is undoubtedly the most frequent cause but even when this is so the detailed pathology is controversial. It is when coronary artery disease is conspicuously absent, often in young individuals previously in good health, that a problem exists. Sudden death in infancy (cot death) is a different entity with its own problems and is not here discussed further.
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PMID:Sudden unexpected cardiac death--a practical approach to the forensic problem. 46 29

All deceased with ischemic heart disease (IHD) -- 450 cases and with embolism and thrombosis in pulmonary circulation (ETPC) -- 601 cases were purposefully examined for a period of 10 years (1963--1972). In 75 of the examined a combination of IHD and ETPC was present. In 41 out of them only cicatrices of past infarctions were found and in 34 -- recent myocardial infarctions. In 14 of the examined (41%) it was established, clinically and morphologically, that ETPC are with a longer duration than the recent myocardial infarctions and very likely have played a role in their pathogenesis. The confirmation of acute ischemic changes in myocardium gives a support -- undulation of the myofibrils and fuchsinophylic necrosis in the deceased of ETPC without preceeding IHD. The cardiac hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis lead to an intensification of the myocardial ischemic alterations in ETPC.
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PMID:[Ischemic heart disease and embolisms and thomboses in the lesser circulation]. 47 99

Clinical-functional analysis of the efficacy of propranolol was conducted in 32 patients with ischemic heart disease and stable angina pectoris (with angiographically verified stenosing coronary atherosclerosis) depending on the initial myocardial contractility. A marked antianginal effect of propranolol in a dose of up to 160 mg daily was demonstrated irrespective of the initial myocardial contractile function. Treatment with propranolol was not attended with signs of cardiac insufficiency or aggravation of its subclinical symptoms. The results of the study provide convincing data that optimum doses of blocking agents of beta-adrenergic receptors of the myocardium causing a negative inotropic effect even in patients with diminished myocardial function may be used more widely.
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PMID:[Myocardial function and the use of propranolol in ischemic heart disease]. 49 63

The role of essential hypertension in the pathogenesis of cerebral vessel disorders (not only hemorrhagic, but also ischemic) is greater than in the pathogenesis of the heart ischemic disease. An analysis of the evidences left by ancient doctors, when compared with statistical data of our time, gives one grounds to believe that cerebral hemorrhages have been a rather common disease, at least, since the time of the antique civilization of Greece and Rome, whereas ischemic heart disease has become a widespread disease among the population of the developed countries only in our time. This makes it possible to assume that the role of essential hypertension and that of atherosclerosis are not equal in the "diseases of civilization", if the diseases of today's developed society are meant.
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PMID:[Vascular brain lesions and ischemic heart disease]. 49 30

It was established that the content of primary (acylhydroperoxide) and secondary (intermollecular "seams" in aminophospholipids) products of lipid peroxide oxidation in blood of patients with ischemic heart disease is increased against the background of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. It is suggested that intensification of lipid peroxide oxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Lipid peroxides and atherosclerosis. The content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood in ischemic heart disease]. 50 74

Japanese men long resident in Honolulu, Hawaii have significantly more ischemic heart disease but significantly fewer small cardiac scars than men in Hiroshima, Japan. These scars occur in three forms:(1)small scars in the mural myocardium which account for the difference in frequency of small lesions in the two cities and are of uncertain etiology; (2)areas of diffuse fibrosis in the papillary muscles. These are equally frequent in the two cities and are associated with advancing age and sclerosis of papillary muscle arteries; and(3)focal scars in the papillary muscles. These are more frequent in Honolulu than Hiroshima. They are healed infarcts due to ischemic heart disease and are associated with a severe degree of extramural coronary artery atherosclerosis. Small mural myocardial scars, when present, are usually found in multiple sites. Their increased frequency in Hiroshima is not explained by differences in age or heart weight. They are more common in the presence of sclerosis of intramural small arteries, but this association also fails to explain the intercity difference. It is supected that the excess of these small cardiac scars in Hiroshima males reflects past privation. There is no evidence that is is related to A-bomb radiation exposure.
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PMID:Autopsy study of small cardiac scars in Japanese men who lived in Hiroshima, Japan and Honolulu, Hawaii. 51 45

Diet is probably correlated with the prevalence of atherosclerosis in the more prosperous countries of the world. Attempts to discover the responsible items of diet would be facilitated if systematic, statistical comparisons were made between the diets in some high and low risk areas. A particular area which might lend itself for this survey is the block of five countries consisting of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania. The first three of these constitute a high risk area, with mortality from ischemic heart disease of the order of 250 per year per 100,000 population, the last two a low risk area with mortality of the order of 75. Many relevant conditions, like standard of living, expectation of life, climate, etc. are reasonably similar in the five countries. Items of diet, the consumption of which is consistently higher in the high risk than in the low risk countries could constitute a short list of suspected atherogens.
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PMID:Diet and atherogenesis. 52 92

The 6-year cumulative incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 382 dialysis patients (mean age [SEM], 43 +/- 0.7 years) was studied. Of 101 patients with IHD, only 39 developed symptoms following dialysis (cumulative incidence, 20.8%). This group was older than those with IHD, and in 55%, IHD occurred in the first year of dialysis. Analysis by sex and race showed the rate of IHD in men and women to be similar, but the rate in whites was twice that in blacks. In men, the rate was not different from nondialysis men with similar coronary risk factors, whereas in dialysis women, the rate was twice that of nondialysis cohort. The development of IHD did not adversely affect long-term survival in patients without prior evidence of IHD. Death from myocardial infarction occurred in 3 of 320 patients ar risk. Atuopsy data in 33 patients revealed 70% stenosis of coronary arteries in 7, 4 of whom had antecedent disease. Our major conclusions are (a) the incidence of IHD during dialysis was not different from similarly matched nondialysis subjects; (b) the rate of IHD in dialysis women was greater than it was in nondialysis subjects; (c) coronary artery disease only affected long-term survival of patients with preexisting disease; (d) autopsy data did not suggest accelerated atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease in patients with uremia undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. 54 4

However great the success in the therapy of hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease has been gained today by recent efficient drugs, the definite healing of patients is not yet attained. The late discovery of reserpine, such an efficient drug of plant origin against hypertension, convinced so far reluctant scientists to consider the chemical compounds of the plant world. With respect to this traditional medical knowledge, it seems necessary to define more accurately the specificity of these healings-sometimes recommended unspecifically for a whole branch of medicine. This experimental verification should not use inconsiderately the present-day classification of diseases; there should be an awareness that conventional experimental methods in pharmacology are often unsuitable for revealing the real biological activity of one or another medicinal plant. The interest in the millennial empirical field of health care is acknowledged by the World Health Organization which promotes research and development of traditional medicine, along with investigations into its psychosocial and ethnographic aspects. These studies cover a number of plants growing in Bulgaria that have a healing effect in hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease according to the data of traditional medicine. Using screening methods, extracts and chemically pure substances were investigated; extraction was done with solvents such as water, ether, chloroform, dichloretan, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Most of the experiments were carried out on anesthetized cats, rabbits and dogs. The substances tested were applied mainly intravenously, and in some experiments orally. Chronic experiments were also carried out on wakeful dogs with induced hypertension, on animals fed on an atherogenic diet, and on animals with induced arrhythmia and coronary spasm. Data are presented of clinical examination of some plants or of active substances isolated from them. Major results of these studies are presented for the following plants: Garlic, Geranium; Hellebore; Mistletoe; Olive; Valerian; Hawthorn; Pseucedanum arenarium; Periwinkle; Fumitory. For another 50 plants growing in Bulgaria and in other countries the author presents his and other investigators' experimental and clinical data about hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatating action.
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PMID:Plants and hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatating action. 57 53

The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the incidence of ischemic heart disease were studied in 122 (55 men and 67 women) consecutive heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients in the Hokuriku district of Japan. (1) The mean +/-SD of serum cholesterol level was 354.0 +/- 71.0 mg/100 ml, which was lower than those of the Western countries by about 60--70 mg/100 ml. (2) The mean +/-SD of serum triglyceride level was 116.5 +/- 54.0 mg/100 ml. (3) The average serum cholesterol values in the 20--50-year-old group showed no differences from those of the Western countries. However, in the above 50 years of age group the serum cholesterol levels were much lower than those in the United States. (4) The occurrence of ischemic heart disease in 83 heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients was 43.3%. The incidence of myocardial infarction was 20.5%. Thus, familial hypercholesterolemia is as highly atherogenic as that of the Western countries even in Japan where the low incidence of coronary heart disease in the general population has been attributed to the low level of serum cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Dec
PMID:Serum lipids and coronary heart disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the Hokuriku District of Japan. 59 49


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