Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0149958 (complex partial seizures)
 2,563 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human melanoma cells were grown to exponential and stationary phases showing melanin contents of 4.2 +/- 0.3 and 11.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/10(6) cells, respectively. The cells were separated in four subpopulations by a Percoll gradient; the subpopulation of density 1.07 (g/ml) was the most enriched in pigmented cells and produced 28 and 58% of the cells in exponential and stationary phases, respectively. Melanoma cells had similar superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in exponential and stationary phases. Moreover melanoma cells exhibited a higher catalase activity in the stationary phase: whole homogenate and cytosol activities were 7.0 +/- 0.3 and 10.8 +/- 0.6 U/mg protein, whereas in exponential phase the activities were 4.9 +/- 0.1 and 7.6 +/- 0.3 U/mg protein for whole homogenate and cytosol, respectively. The intracellular H2O2 steady-state concentration was 3.3 +/- 0.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.2 microM H2O2 for exponential and stationary phases, respectively. The spontaneous chemiluminescence of the two culture phases was 169 +/- 27 cps/10(6) cells (exponential) and 78 +/- 24 cps/10(6) cells (stationary). The cytotoxicity of H2O2 generated extracellularly by glucose oxidase was determined after 60 min of exposure. IC50 values for exponential and stationary cell cultures were 0.9 and 2.4 mU/ml of glucose oxidase, respectively. The increased catalase activities in the stationary phase as compared with the exponential phase are consistent with the decreased intracellular H2O2, with the decreased spontaneous chemiluminescence, and with the increased resistance to exogenous H2O2.
 ...
PMID:Melanin content and hydroperoxide metabolism in human melanoma cells. 189 32

Human breast tumor cells MCF-7 were grown during 5 days in the presence of Adriamycin and the IC50 was 50 nM with the highest sublethal concentration 0.1 microM. At this latter concentration Adriamycin produced a complete inhibition of cell division and a partial reversion to a normal breast epithelial appearance. Similar effects of Adriamycin were observed in cells cultured in the presence of 10% FBS and in a chemically defined medium, with Se-glutathione peroxidase activities of 3.8 and 1.3 U/mg of protein, respectively. Cell size and cell oxygen uptake were increased by 41% and by 50%, respectively, in Adriamycin-treated cells. The spontaneous chemiluminescence of monolayers of intact MCF-7 cells (81 +/- 9 cps/mg protein) was increased by 48% in the Adriamycin-treated cultures (120 +/- 11 cps/mg of protein) in agreement with a 91% higher concentration of malondialdehyde in the same cultures. Adriamycin treatment produced a 71% increase in the steady state concentration of H2O2, which was estimated assuming diffusion equilibrium with the external medium, from 1.38 microM in the control cells to 2.38 microM in the treated cells. Cyanide-insensitive respiration was also higher in the cells exposed to the drug than in the control cells. Adriamycin did not affect the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, Cu-Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase, Se and non-Se-glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. These results contribute to the current hypothesis that oxygen free radicals produced by Adriamycin redox cycling are responsible for at least part of the cytotoxic effects due to this drug.
 ...
PMID:Adriamycin effects on hydroperoxide metabolism and growth of human breast tumor cells. 209 92

Spontaneous mouse liver chemiluminescence (109 +/- 6 cps/cm2) was increased in the early phase after tumor implantation in a distant position with respect to the liver. A 39% increased liver chemiluminescence was observed after 5 days of the injection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity, and a 64% and a 46% increased liver chemiluminescence were measured after 8 and 14 days of the implantation of a fibrosarcoma and of an adenocarcinoma, respectively, in the leg. At the time of maximal stimulation of in vivo liver chemiluminescence by the distant tumors, cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased by 18%, 38%, and 26% in the liver of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. The same three enzymatic activities were decreased by 21%, 19%, and 54% respectively, in the liver of fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. Total liver glutathione was decreased by 18% to 22% in the tumor-bearing animals. Hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence was increased in the homogenates (105% and 45%) and mitochondria (64% and 34%) from the liver of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors and fibrosarcomas, respectively, at the time of maximal in situ liver chemiluminescence. The hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence of liver microsomes was decreased by 46% to 36% in the tumor-bearing animals at the same time. It is concluded that the liver of tumor-bearing animals is subjected, during the early phase after tumor implantation, to an oxidative stress with increased steady-state levels of peroxyl radicals, which are essentially responsible for the increased photoemission observed in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Increased liver chemiluminescence in tumor-bearing mice. 383 40

Mice treated with barbital (0.1% in the drinking water) during 15 days showed a 63% increased endoplasmic reticulum mass. The carbon tetrachloride-stimulated chemiluminescence of the in situ liver was 51% increased after barbital treatment. Hydroperoxide-stimulated chemiluminescence of liver homogenates and microsomal suspensions were increased by 140 and 92%, respectively, in the barbital-treated mice. Spontaneous liver chemiluminescence (109 cps/cm2) was found unchanged after barbital treatment. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were 109, 61 and 103%, respectively, increased after barbital treatment. The results are consistent with a primary role of cytochrome P 450 in the biotransformation of CCl4, which initiates a radical chain reaction leading to the production of powerful oxidizing species. Apparently, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase are synthetized in a coincident manner with respect to cytochrome P 450.
 ...
PMID:Increased carbon tetrachloride-stimulated chemiluminescence in the in situ liver of barbital-treated mice. 624 Sep 13

Sepsis, as infection associated to systemic manifestations, was produced in rats by cecal ligation and double perforation. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. The spontaneous chemiluminescence of rat adductor muscle and liver were measured at 6, 12, 24, and 30 h after the surgical procedure. Muscle chemiluminescence showed a maximal increase of about twofold (control emission 10 +/- 1 cps/cm2) after 6-12 h of sepsis, while liver chemiluminescence increased by about 80% (control emission: 11 +/- 1 cps/cm2) after 24 h of sepsis. The activities of muscle antioxidant enzymes were found maximally diminished after 12 h of sepsis: 46% decrease for Mn-superoxide dismutase, 83% decrease for catalase, and 55% decrease for glutathione peroxidase. In liver, only catalase activity showed a 52% decrease after 24 h of sepsis. State 3 oxygen uptake of muscle mitochondria with either malate-glutamate or succinate as substrates was 40% decreased after 12 h of sepsis in both cases. State 4 oxygen uptake of muscle mitochondria was not affected. The rate of H2O2 production of muscle mitochondria after 12 h of sepsis with either malate-glutamate or succinate as substrates was increased about 2.5 times but was not affected when assayed in the presence of as rotenone and antimycin. The oxygen uptake of liver mitochondria isolated from septic rats did not show differences as compared with those of control rats after 6 to 24 h of sepsis. Oxidative stress appears to occur in skeletal muscle early at the onset of the septic syndrome, with inhibition of active mitochondrial respiration and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress in muscle and liver of rats with septic syndrome. 800 29

In this article the spontaneous chemiluminescence and the steady-state concentration of hydrogen peroxide were determined in rat liver as indicators of oxidative stress in the tissue. Hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were also measured to evaluate antioxidant defenses and serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio were measured as indicators of cell and mitochondrial damage. Xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities were determined as a possible source of oxyradicals. No significant changes were observed after 10 or 30 min of vena cava occlusion in any of the measured parameters. In contrast, 10 min of occlusion followed by 10 min of reperfusion increased chemiluminescence (from 18 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 5 cps/cm2), hydrogen peroxide (from 0.10 +/- 0.01 to 0.17 +/- 0.01 mumol/L), lactate dehydrogenase (from 80 +/- 2 to 330 +/- 30 U/L), and aspartate aminotransferase (from 42 +/- 2 to 100 +/- 10 U/L). Liver reperfusion was also associated with mitochondrial swelling and decreased mitochondrial respiratory control (from 5.6 +/- 0.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.1). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes and xanthine oxidase was instead without change. After 30 min of vena cava occlusion and 10 min of reperfusion a more marked increase in chemiluminescence (37 +/- 5 cps/cm2), hydrogen peroxide (0.30 +/- 0.01 mumol/L), lactate dehydrogenase (730 +/- 10 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (140 +/- 10 U/L) was observed. No further changes were found in either mitochondrial morphology or respiratory control (2.4 +/- 0.1) in isolated mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress produced by suprahepatic occlusion and reperfusion. 840 64

This study describes the in vivo response of rat testes to acute iron overload. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were injected ip with iron dextran at doses of 250 (Fe250), 500 (Fe500), or 1000 mg/kg body wt (Fe1000) or with saline (C). Parameters of oxidative stress and iron toxicity were measured 20 h after injection. Total iron content was 3.5-, 5.3-, and 10.4-fold higher in the Fe250, Fe500, and Fe1000 groups, respectively, compared to controls (320 +/- 22 nmol/g tissue). Histological studies showed that: (a) iron accumulated in the sperm and other testes cells, and (b) spermatogenesis was markedly lower in the Fe1000 group. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinol-9, and ubiquinol-10 in the testes was inversely correlated with the extent of oxidation. Testes chemiluminescence was 45% higher in the Fe1000 group compared to controls (41 cps/cm(2)). Endogenous levels of lipid oxidation, evaluated as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, were 46, 73, and 82% higher in the groups Fe250, Fe500, and Fe1000, respectively, than in controls (33.6 +/- 1.4 nmol/g tissue). Oxidative damage to DNA evaluated by the presence of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxo(8)dG), was 26, 39, and 74% higher in the Fe250, Fe500, and Fe1000 groups, respectively, than in the C group (2.3 +/- 0.1 oxo(8)dG/10(5)dG). Protein oxidation was measured as protein thiols and carbonyl content in proteins and glutamine synthase activity. Protein thiols content and glutamine synthase activity were similar in all the groups, while the protein-associated carbonyls content was 96% higher in the Fe1000 group than in the C group (2.1 +/- 0.4 nmol/mg protein). No changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed. The results showed that in vivo iron overload induced oxidative stress and the impairment of spermatogenesis in rat testes that were dependent on the amount of iron supplemented and its accumulation in the tissue.
 ...
PMID:Dose-dependent increase of oxidative damage in the testes of rats subjected to acute iron overload. 1056 14

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of experimental diabetes on the oxidant and antioxidant status of latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of male Wistar rats (220 +/- 5 g, N = 11). Short-term (5 days) diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg, iv; glycemia >300 mg/dl). LD muscle of STZ-diabetic rats presented higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and chemiluminescence (0.36 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein and 14706 +/- 1581 cps/mg protein) than LD muscle of normal rats (0.23 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein and 7389 +/- 1355 cps/mg protein). Diabetes induced a 92% increase in catalase and a 27% increase in glutathione S-transferase activities in LD muscle. Glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced (58%) in STZ-diabetic rats and superoxide dismutase activity was similar in LD muscle of both groups. A positive correlation was obtained between catalase activity and the oxidative stress of LD, as evaluated in terms of TBARS (r = 0.78) and by chemiluminescence (r = 0.89). Catalase activity also correlated inversely with glutathione peroxidase activity (r = 0.79). These data suggest that an increased oxidative stress in LD muscle of diabetic rats may be related to skeletal muscle myopathy.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress in the latissimus dorsi muscle of diabetic rats. 1105 Jun 69

In 8 trained subjects (T) and 9 untrained subjects (UT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in the blood before and after three different intensities of exercise on the treadmill, determined from ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen uptake data, obtained from a maximal aerobic power test. In plasma, LPO decreased from 3589 +/- 193 to 3274 +/- 223 cps x mg Hb(-1) (p < 0.05), and TRAP increased from 304 +/- 45 to 384 +/- 57 micromol x L(-1) trolox (p < 0.05) after high intensity exercise in T. GPx activity increased in the T group as compared to the UT group, after exercise in moderate (25.90 +/- 3.79 to 15.05 +/- 3.23 nM x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)) and high (21.75 +/- 4.91 to 12.1 +/- 2.46 nM x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)) intensities (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity increased after exercise at low (8.35 +/- 0.85 to 9.23 +/- 1.03 U SOD x mg protein(-1)) and moderate (8.89 +/- 0.98 to 10.44 +/- 0.86 U SOD x mg protein(-1)) intensity in UT (p < 0.05). There were no changes in catalase activity. These findings indicate that exercise in this model did not increase lipid peroxidation, probably because of the alterations in TRAP and enzymatic antioxidants.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress after three different intensities of running. 1648 22

The present study was designed to evaluate the time course changes in peripheral markers of oxidative stress in a chronic HgCl2 intoxication model. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously daily for 30 days and divided into two groups of 10 animals each: Hg, which received HgCl2 (0.16 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and control, receiving the same volume of saline solution. Blood was collected at the first, second and fourth weeks of Hg administration to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO), total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), and superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT). HgCl2 administration induced a rise (by 26%) in LPO compared to control (143 +/- 10 cps/mg hemoglobin) in the second week and no difference was found at the end of the treatment. At that time, GST and GPx were higher (14 and 24%, respectively) in the Hg group, and Cu,Zn-SOD was lower (54%) compared to control. At the end of the treatment, Cu,Zn-SOD and CAT were higher (43 and 10%, respectively) in the Hg group compared to control (4.6 +/- 0.3 U/mg protein; 37 +/- 0.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively). TRAP was lower (69%) in the first week compared to control (43.8 +/- 1.9 mM Trolox). These data provide evidence that HgCl2 administration is accompanied by systemic oxidative damage in the initial phase of the process, which leads to adaptive changes in the antioxidant reserve, thus decreasing the oxidative injury at the end of 30 days of HgCl2 administration. These results suggest that a preventive treatment with antioxidants would help to avoid oxidative damage in subjects with chronic intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in chronic mercuric chloride intoxication. 1675 82


1 2 Next >>