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Query: UMLS:C0149958 (complex partial seizures)
 2,563 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic intermittent stimulation of the vagus nerve is a new method currently being tested for the treatment of medically intractable complex partial seizures (CPS). We have studied the effects of vagal stimulation in nine patients with CPS for 4-16 months to determine its safety and efficacy. With the patients maintained on constant dosages of antiepileptic drugs, we recorded the electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram, and performed clinical laboratory tests and gastric analysis over a 6-week baseline period. The neurocybernetic prosthesis (NCP) was then implanted and connected to two spiral electrodes wound around the left vagus nerve. After a 4-week placebo period, vagal stimulation was started. Stimulation parameters were increased stepwise at monthly intervals until patients were being stimulated for 30-second periods at 20-50 Hz with 1-2 mA of current at 250-500 microseconds pulses. A second 4-week placebo period was added 3 months after the implantation. Thereafter, vagal stimulation was resumed and self-stimulation with magnetic activation was allowed for a 1-minute period at the onset of an aura. Six patients had a significant reduction in the frequency, intensity, or duration of seizures. All patients tolerated the implantation and stimulation well and none reported pain, discomfort, or important changes in their daily activities, sleep habits, eating, swallowing, or breathing. There were no remarkable changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
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PMID:Vagal stimulation for control of complex partial seizures in medically refractory epileptic patients. 170 24

Sphenoidal EEG recording using an uninsulated acupuncture needle electrode were performed in 41 patients with or suspected of complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. The anterior temporal spikes were detected by the routine EEG in 17 patients (41%) and by the acupuncture sphenoidal needle in 29 patients (70%). The anterior temporal spikes recorded by the acupuncture needle were almost identical in configuration, amplitude and distribution to those recorded by conventional wire or insulated needle sphenoidal electrodes. The sequence in the frequency of spike detection by these 3 types of sphenoidal electrode were SP1-2, T1-2, F7-8 and A1-2 locations. The spikes of maximal amplitude were most frequently recorded by the SP electrode followed by the T1-2 electrode. The placement of the disposable acupuncture needle was simple and safe. Patients experienced minimal discomfort or pain that lasted at most 0.5 h. No complications occurred. The records were generally free of artifacts. It is concluded that the acupuncture needle can be used as sphenoidal electrode in outpatient EEG recording for the diagnosis of complex partial seizures of anterior temporal-origin.
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PMID:Sphenoidal EEG recording using acupuncture needle electrode in complex partial seizure. 171 25

By means of combined surface and depth EEG recordings (32 channels) and split-screen video-monitoring (infra red light), complete all-night sleep studies were carried out in drug-resistant epileptics suffering from complex partial seizures. These data were supplemented by (1) all-night sleep recordings from three patients who had chronically implanted electrodes in the periaqueductal grey matter because of severe pain problems, and (2) incomplete sleep recordings (day-time or only partial night) from other drug-resistant epileptics, who underwent chronic stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) examination in view of the surgical therapy. The following questions of importance were studied and the results were compared between different patient groups. 1. Relationship between overt clinical seizures or subclinical seizure discharges and the time course of night sleep. 2. Topic behavior of the epileptogenic area and different propagation phenomena of interictal spikes and ictal seizure discharges in different sleep stages. 3. Influence of arousal on the average spike incidence of any location with special attention to the different (slow and fast) components of the K-complex and their association with spiky elements, thus testing the hypothesis that the K-complex might serve as a vehicle for the seizure discharge. 4. Incidence and time-relationship of seizure discharges with clinical overt awakenings.
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy, sleep and arousal: stereo-EEG findings. 176 Jan 2

In 1980, a 38-year-old man had remittent fever, swelling and arthralgia of the knee, ankle and wrist joints, as well as visual disturbance due to bilateral iritis. On his admission to our hospital, his laboratory data showed neutrophilia, normocytic normochromic anemia, hepatomegaly, hepatocellular damage, and a strongly positive RA test. All the microbiological examinations were negative. Thirty mg of prednisolone improved his symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings. Due to persistent mild arthralgia, he had continued to take 5-10 mg of prednisolone and analgesics until 1985 when he was readmitted to our hospital. In 1983, he began to complain of a steady pain around his left eye, and he sometimes had double vision. In 1985, he began to complain of decreasing left visual acuity and sensory disturbance in his left face in addition to pain in and around the eye. On his 2nd admission to our hospital, the neurological examination revealed involvement of the 2nd and 3rd cranial nerves and the 1st branch of the 5th cranial nerves of the left side. Laboratory data showed a positive RA test with RAHA titer at 1:320 and IgM at 216 mg/dl, but he had no joint deformities. The computed tomography (CT) of the brain demonstrated a high density mass of his left cavernous sinus extending to the left orbital apex. The prescription of the high dose of prednisolone (100 mg/day) relieved ophthalmic pain and improved visual acuity and neurological involvement within a week. Prednisolone was then gradually decreased to 10 mg. In 1986, he had partial and complex partial seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Intracranial multiple granuloma preceded by rheumatic disease--a case report]. 224 32

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was used in 49 cases to control resistant deafferentation pain resulting from causalgia, phantom limb, plexus and nerve root avulsion, postherpetic neuralgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and amputation. In all cases, one or two standard percutaneous leads were introduced into the epidural space and manipulated until the spinal segment at which external stimulation provoked paresthesic sensation in the painful area. Two weeks of external stimulation trial was used to determine the efficiency of the system. Pulse width of 0.1-0.2 ms, a rate of 80-120 cps and amplitude to low paresthesia threshold were programmed as electric parameters. In 36 out of the 49 tested cases showing a positive response to percutaneous SCS, the device was permanently implanted. After a mean follow-up of 5.5 years, 57% of patients had satisfactory pain relief (over 75%). Side effects were limited to dislodgement of the electrode in 1 case and wire extrusion in another, both requiring replacement of the stimulator.
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PMID:Spinal cord stimulation in deafferentation pain. 247 63

Six patients with complex partial seizures in whom the first or most prominent manifestation was cardiovascular are described. "Anginal pain," which was usually atypical, developed in five patients (mean age 34), although three were admitted to coronary care units; sinus tachycardia developed in one, sinus bradycardia leading to syncope developed in one, and a cluster of symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma developed in one. The causal relationship between complex partial seizures and these symptoms is based on clinical history, electrodiagnostic studies indicating epilepsy (in five of six cases) without changes of myocardial ischemia, and response to anticonvulsant but not antianginal medications. Complex partial seizures that present with cardiovascular and other visceral symptoms represent an underdiagnosed, treatable disorder.
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PMID:Cardiac manifestations of complex partial seizures. 394 34

A developmentally normal 4-year-old white female who presented with pain in the right hand as the only manifestation of epilepsy is reported. Two years later, she developed complex partial seizures following right-hand pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were unremarkable. Prolonged ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) as well as video-EEGs with ictal pain episodes failed to reveal abnormalities. Only a full night video-EEG performed after antiepileptic drug withdrawal demonstrated 2 right-hand pain episodes followed by a complex partial seizure with ictal epileptiform activity on the scalp EEG in the left parasagittal area, rapidly generalized and interictal discharges in the C3-P3 area. This patient had a very unusual presentation of epilepsy.
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PMID:Paroxysmal pain as sole manifestation of seizures. 829 19

Gabitril (tiagabine) is a potent selective inhibitor of the principal neuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (GAT-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. By slowing the reuptake of synaptically-released GABA, it prolongs inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. In animal models of epilepsy, tiagabine is particularly effective against kindled (limbic) seizures and against reflexly-induced generalized convulsive seizures. These data are predictive of its efficacy in complex partial seizures in humans. Possible clinical applications outside the field of epilepsy include bipolar disorder and pain.
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PMID:Basic mechanisms of gabitril (tiagabine) and future potential developments. 1061 55

Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic drug (AED) that was approved in 1993 for the adjunct treatment of complex partial seizures (CPS) with and without generalization. Although the mechanism of action of gabapentin has not been fully elucidated, it has been shown to be effective not only as an adjunct AED in patients with CPS, but also in children with epilepsy, many pain syndromes (most notably neuropathic pain), and several other neurological diseases. The efficacy of the drug as an AED In both adults and children has been mostly seen when used as an adjunct with other AEDs. When used as monotherapy, it has been most effective for CPS in adults at higher doses. Gabapentin as monotherapy in children has not been shown to be as beneficial as in adults. Also, the dosing of the drug in children has been complicated by negative behavioral adverse effects. Overall, gabapentin has a low incidence of adverse effects, a pharmacokinetic profile that limits its drug interactions, and limited effects on cognition when compared to traditional AEDs. The dosing of the drug is dependent on the disease state targeted, the number of specific therapeutic drugs used, and the renal function of the patient.
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PMID:Gabapentin: a unique anti-epileptic agent. 1176 Aug 73

We investigated the type and frequency of interictal primary headache and peri-ictal headache in 109 patients with partial-onset and 26 patients with generalized onset seizures in this study. Interictal headaches were present in 50 (40.7%) of 135 patients. Comparing the interictal headache on the basis of seizure type, we couldn't find any significant difference between the seizure groups. Seventy-nine (58.51%) patients had peri-ictal headache. Eleven of these patients had pre-ictal headache (PriH), three of all had ictal headache and, 56 of these had post-ictal headache (PoiH). PriH and PoiH were more frequently encountered before and after secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) compared to other seizure groups. The type of pain in PoiH was 'throbbing' in complex partial seizures and 'steady' in GTCS.
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PMID:Seizure-related headache in patients with epilepsy. 1188 65


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