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Query: UMLS:C0149958 (complex partial seizures)
 2,563 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between hippocampal sclerosis, febrile seizures, and complex partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy continues to be the subject of great debate in the literature. Hippocampal sclerosis is reported infrequently in young children with temporal lobe epilepsy, a factor that has supported the theory that hippocampal sclerosis develops in later life during the course of recurrent complex partial seizures. In a blinded review of magnetic resonance imaging in 53 children, aged 2-17 years (mean: 10 years) with temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal sclerosis was diagnosed in 30 children (57%), concordant with ictal electroencephalographic lateralization in 93% and pathologic diagnosis in all children who had undergone surgery and had hippocampal tissue available for histologic examination. Fourteen of the children (47%) with hippocampal sclerosis were younger than 10 years of age, the youngest being 2 years. Thirty-four children (64%) had histories of neurologic insults prior to the onset of complex partial seizures, including idiopathic febrile seizures in 22. Hippocampal sclerosis was associated with a history of a neurologic insult prior to the onset of complex partial seizures (P < .001) and was not associated with age at onset of temporal lobe epilepsy, age at magnetic resonance imaging, duration of epilepsy, or presence of secondarily generalized seizures. These findings suggest that hippocampal sclerosis is underdiagnosed in children and is the cause and not the consequence of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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PMID:Febrile seizures and hippocampal sclerosis: frequent and related findings in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy of childhood. 761 85

The hippocampus plays a central role in the generation and propagation of seizures in patients with complex partial seizures. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common structural abnormality in patients with refractory epilepsy. The aim of this study was to quantify diffusion in the hippocampus in patients with epilepsy to evaluate the diffusion changes associated with HS. We scanned 20 subjects (14 patients and 6 controls) with a 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) system using a cardiac-gated, navigated spin-echo diffusion-weighted sequence. Hippocampal ADC measurements were performed on maps of the ADC measured in three orthogonal directions labeled x, y, and z. The mean ADC (ADCav) and an anisotropy index (AI) were calculated. Hippocampi which fulfilled the MR criteria for HS had a higher ADCav (p < 0.001) and a lower AI (p=0.04) than normal appearing hippocampi in patients and hippocampi in controls. These results imply a loss of structural organization in sclerotic hippocampi and an expansion of the extracellular space. Quantitative measurements of diffusion can be used as an independent parameter for the identification and characterization of abnormal hippocampi in epilepsy.
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PMID:Water diffusion in the human hippocampus in epilepsy. 988 96

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible factors affecting interictal cardiovascular autonomic function in temporal lobe epilepsy with complex partial seizures, paying special attention to hippocampal sclerosis. The study was carried out with 88 patients with epilepsy (22 with left hippocampal sclerosis, 22 with right hippocampal sclerosis, and 44 without hippocampal sclerosis) and 44 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent three tests of cardiac autonomic function: heart rate variation during resting activity, heart rate variation in response to deep breathing and blood pressure response to rising quickly from the supine position. Hippocampal sclerosis and disease duration were found to have significantly important effects on parasympathetic autonomic function, whereas seizure control and type of antiepileptic drug had significant effects on sympathetic autonomic function. This study shows that in addition to factors related to the chronic nature of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use, hippocampal sclerosis may cause autonomic dysfunction during the interictal period in persons with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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PMID:Factors that affect interictal cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy: role of hippocampal sclerosis. 1985 9

Clinical expression of temporal lobe seizures is different with a more diverse and more extensive etiology in infants and children than it is in adults. It is dominated by cortical dysplasia, low-grade tumors and perinatal damage. Hippocampal sclerosis, although less frequent, exists in children usually as a dual pathology associated with ipsilateral neocortical lesions. The clinical semiology of temporal seizures is more varied, and sometimes misleading. Motor features including tonic, clonic or myoclonic behaviors, and infantile spasms predominate in infants. Classical complex partial seizures with behavioral arrest and automatisms, as well as lateralizing signs are rare and occur mostly with onset after the age of two years. Interestingly, aura, emotional, and autonomic signs seem to be independent on the brain maturation process. Moreover, the neuropsychological profile varies according to age of onset and duration, lateralization of the focus and etiology. Quality of care benefits from individual cognitive assessment for memory and emotional processes.
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy in infants and children. 2574 68