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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes three cases of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Their light microscopic appearance is closely akin to the small cell carcinoma of lung. The neoplastic cells exhibit few cytoplasmic dense core neurosecretory granules ultrastructurally and immunoreactivity to enolase. Two patients manifested clinically hypercalcemia which is rare in small cell carcinoma in general and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described in association with bladder small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with hypercalcemia. 299 81

The value of neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactivity as a marker for small cell lung cancer (SLC) has been assessed using a monoclonal antibody (MCAB) against NSE, MCAB specificity was confirmed using purified enolase isoenzymes, sections of human brain, a panel of lung tumours, neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumours and normal tissues. Using this MCAB in radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, NSE immunoreactivity was detected in all SCLC material examined. However, considerable reactivity was also observed in a number of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and tumour biopsy specimens. Furthermore, intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to NSE immunostaining was observed in several cases. Factors which may underlie such intratumoral phenotypic diversity were assessed using flow cytometry together with MCABs directed against both NSE and non-neuronal enolase. Such studies revealed that enolase expression in cells which were no longer actively proliferating differed markedly from that of cells in exponential growth. Furthermore, cells grown under conditions of increasing hypoxia exhibited increased enolase expression relative to those grown under oxygenated conditions. It is concluded from these studies that NSE immunoreactivity per se is an unreliable marker for the SCLC phenotype.
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PMID:Neuron specific enolase expression in carcinoma of the lung. 301 Oct 53

Serum level of neuro-specific enolase (NSE) was determined in 20 lung cancer patients. NSE concentration was detected also on neoplastic tissue and NSE-positive neoplastic cells on histological sections were observed immunohistochemically. The presence of high level of NSE was showed in small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[Neuron-specific enolase in bronchial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and immunoenzyme study]. 301 80

A new method for the determination of serum neuron-specific enolase is presented. It consists of two steps: first, an immunocapture of gamma-subunit containing isoenzymes by absorption on immobilized anti-gamma antibodies; second, bioluminescence assay of enolase activities in untreated control samples and in the supernates of antibody treated samples. Total and alpha alpha activities are obtained, from which the neuron-specific enolase activity (alpha gamma + gamma gamma) can then be calculated by difference. As compared to the procedures currently in use, the immunocapture method is very rapid (30 min) and is more suitable for small series of determinations as needed in clinical chemistry applications. Reference interval values for serum found by this method agree with published data. When tested with samples from patients suffering from neuroblastoma or small cell lung cancer, it confirms the specific elevations in neuron-specific enolase activity previously described for these cancers, using other analytical approaches.
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PMID:Determination of serum neuron-specific enolase by differential immunocapture. 302 76

alpha- and gamma-enolase isoenzyme substance concentrations were measured in serum and plasma from healthy subjects and from 174 patients with different solid tumours. While alpha-enolase was found to be increased in the plasma of patients with tumours of quite different origin, gamma-enolase apparently reflected malignancies of the neuroendocrine system. Before the beginning of the cytotoxic therapy gamma-enolase was increased above the upper limit of the reference range (10 micrograms/l) in 27/27 patients (100%) suffering from small cell lung cancer. Most patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung or with prostatic cancer exhibited normal gamma-enolase, while both tumour types produced high plasma substance concentrations of the alpha-isoenzymes of enolase.
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PMID:Enolase isoenzymes as tumour markers. 302 73

Ten cell lines were established from different biopsies from nine patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). These were established from metastases in the marrow (7), breast (1), pleural fluid (1), and spinal cord (1) and had been in culture for periods varying from 1 to 11 months. All cell lines exhibited typical cytological features of SCLC, and produced neuron specific enolase. All lines examined (5) contained dense core granules and were tumorigenic when injected intracranially into nude mice. None of the six cell lines tested had an amplified oncogene (c-myc or n-myc) previously reported to be amplified in SCLC. Detailed chromosome analyses were undertaken and showed that a structural abnormality of chromosome 3(p11p23) was a frequent (6 of 10) but not invariable finding. Our study and one other indicate that there is not a unique chromosome abnormality present in all cases of SCLC, although loss of chromosome 13 and structural abnormalities of chromosome 3 were frequently found. A feature of these SCLC cell lines established from metastatic deposits was the complexity of the karyotypes due to numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities.
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PMID:Heterogeneous cytogenetic abnormalities in small cell lung cancer cell lines. 303 9

During a retrospective analysis of the value of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) it became apparent that at progressive disease (PD) NSE rose exponentially with a doubling time (NSE-Td) varying from 10 - 94 days. In this study the influence of the NSE-Td on the survival of 29 SCLC-patients has been investigated. A significant correlation between survival from the start of rise of NSE at PD and NSE-Td was observed. By extrapolating the exponential rise of NSE to the start of treatment a theoretical logarithmic value of NSE, called Yr, could be calculated. When the patients were grouped according to the Yr value greater than -1, between -1 and -4 and less than or equal to -4 a highly significant correlation between the survival from the start of treatment and NSE-Td was found in all 3 groups. These preliminary data suggest that by means of NSE-Td and Yr value the survival of an SCLC-patient from the time of rise of NSE and from the start of treatment may be predicted within certain limits.
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PMID:Doubling time of neuron-specific enolase and survival in small cell lung cancer patients. Results of a preliminary analysis. 303 46

Electrophoretic separation of enolase isoenzymes and the measurement of enolase activity were performed in 25 lung tumor extracts. In 13 neuroendocrine (NE) tumors (nine small cell lung carcinoma [SCLC], three atypical NE tumors, and one carcinoid tumor), the NE differentiation was assessed by ultrastructural determination of neurosecretory granule (NSG) density. Twelve non-NE lung tumors also were studied (three adenocarcinomas, four epidermoid, two composite, two large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, and one lymphoma). Four normal lung tissues and 1 human brain were used as controls. The gamma gamma isoenzyme was present at a high level (mean +/- SE, 12 +/- 3%) in all NE carcinomas and consistently absent in all non-NE tumors as well as in normal lung. The alpha gamma isoenzyme was found in significantly higher proportion in NE carcinomas (mean +/- SE, 29 +/- 2%) than in non-NE tumors (mean +/- SE, 8 +/- 1%) (P less than 0.0001), despite an equally high level of total enolase activity in both groups of tumor. The separation of alpha gamma and gamma gamma isoenzymes of enolase allows for the accurate diagnosis of NE tumors and NE components of atypical NE carcinomas, and the gamma gamma isoenzyme, in contrast to gamma chain detection by immunoassay, can be considered to be a specific marker in itself of NE differentiation in lung neoplasms.
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PMID:Isoenzyme pattern of enolase in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine bronchopulmonary tumors. 303 37

The value of immunoreactivity of antibodies against neuronspecific enolase (NSE), bombesin (GRP), and synaptophysin (SY 38) as markers for various human lung carcinoma has been assessed. One hundred-forty-two primary bronchus carcinomas (small cell anaplastic carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, and large cell anaplastic carcinoma) were studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase method (PAP). SY 38 was found to react positively in 49/68 (79%) of the small cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCCL) and in 6/74 (8%) of the non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCCL). Positive immunohistochemical data with antibody SY 38 showed in some cases an immunoreactive polypeptide of Mr = 40.000 obtained by immunoblotting similar in molecular weight as described for synaptophysin in other tumours. Reactivity of NSE was observed in 41/68 (61%) of the SCCL and in 8/74 (10%) of the NSCCL. Positive reactivity to GRP was similar to NSE in 42/68 (62%) of SCCL and in 7/74 (10%) of NSCCL. All cases of NSCCL reacting positively to SY 38 were found to react positively to NSE, and to GRP. Prognostic value of SY 38 was calculated vp = 0.71 for positive prediction and vn = 0.91 for negative prediction. The data indicate that SY 38 represents the broadest marker for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung since in addition to the majority of SCCL about 10% of NSCCL are recognized by the antibody SY 38.
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PMID:Expression of neuroendocrine markers (neuronspecific enolase, synaptophysin and bombesin) in carcinoma of the lung. 314 9

A correct diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential both for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. We used discriminant analysis as a method to optimize the discriminant power of serum tumour marker levels for differentiation between SCLC and NSCLC. A panel of serum markers, including neurone specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin fragment antigen 21.1 (CYFRA-21.1), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was obtained in 50 consecutive NSCLC and 17 SCLC. Data were analysed by the BMDP statistical program after logarithmic transformation of marker levels. The variables selected were NSE and CYFRA-21.1. Considered together, they were able to give a 97% rate of correct classification. The formula generated (canonic variable, CV) was validated on a group of seven SCLC and 22 NSCLC patients. Only two errors occurred. We therefore conclude that the canonic variable tested, based on NSE and CYFRA-21.1, provides a good discrimination between the two types of lung cancer. The method is rapid, relatively inexpensive, and based on simple serum tests.
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PMID:Discriminant analysis on small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer by means of NSE and CYFRA-21.1. 758 98


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