Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New treatment approaches in the fight against SCLC are clearly on the horizon and some are already in clinical trials. With this in mind, several comments concerning future directions in staging this disease can be made: 1. Staging is important and complete staging is needed in order to continue to build meaningful information. 2. Limited/Extensive disease categories are in use and remain important; yet this system is not completely adequate. There are subsets within each group that do better: minimal disease versus bulky disease in limited stage, extraabdominal v intraabdominal in extensive disease, and single organ versus multiple organ involvement. Therefore, a new staging system is needed. The TNM system is designed primarily to define surgical resectability and will thus not adequately address the issues for SCLC unless the N and M categories are markedly enlarged. A staging symposium was recently held in Europe to begin to address potential approaches to staging and an American staging conference is planned. 3. Biomarkers: In the broad range of possible markers, most are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to supplant clinical exam and routine testing. But newer tests such as NSE, CK-BB and tumor surface antigen expression and recognition may impact on staging in the near future. 4. Finally, as the biology of SCLC is further understood, much of the derived understanding will likely change the staging and prognostic factors.
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PMID:Staging, prognostic factors, and special considerations in small cell lung cancer. 283 31

Serial measurements of serum CEA levels were analyzed in 226 patients with inoperable lung cancer (115 small cell carcinomas, 64 adenocarcinomas, 37 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas) during chemotherapy. Of all patients, 29.1% had pretreatment CEA levels greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml. In all of the patients with complete response, and 15 (68.2%) of 22 patients with partial response whose pretreatment CEA levels were 5 ng/ml or higher, CEA levels fell to below 5 ng/ml. All of 17 patients who showed a decrease greater than 50% in serum CEA levels during chemotherapy showed a shrinkage of more than 50% in the tumor burden. Serial serum CEA level measurements were useful as an indicator of response to chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer. Serial serum NSE levels were measured in 36 patients with small cell lung cancer. Pretreatment NSE levels were elevated to more than 10 ng/ml in 83.1% of all patients. A transient rise in serum NSE levels occurred in 22 out of 33 patients measured on the third day during initial chemotherapy. Serum NSE levels greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml declined to within the normal range in all patients responding to the chemotherapy. The survival in patients whose NSE levels (greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml) fell to within the normal range for more than four weeks was longer than that in other patients. Serial measurements of serum NSE levels were thus useful for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in cases of small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[Serial measurements of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) during chemotherapy of patients with inoperable lung cancer]. 303 8

An unusual tumor of the skin was removed from the thigh of a 52-year-old white male. By light microscopy, the tumor was composed of intermediate and small cells in sheets and clusters. Ultrastructural study of the tumor cells showed numerous dense core granules and dendritic cell processes as well as intermediate filaments and cell junctions frequently within the same cells. Most of the tumor cells were stained intensely by antibodies to neurone-specific enolase (NSE), a marker of cells of the central and peripheral nervous system. The neuropeptides met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were also found in tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry furthermore demonstrated cytokeratin. Both the ultrastructural appearance and keratin content of this tumor set it apart from conventional Merkel cell (or trabecular) carcinoma of the skin in a manner analogous to bipartite (i.e., epidermoid and small cell) carcinoma of lung. The production of neuropeptides simultaneously with the production of keratin establishes this as a bipartite skin tumor (i.e., ectodermal and neuroectodermal phenotype). We suggest that at least some primary neuroendocrine tumors of the skin arise from multipotential ectodermal cells not of neural crest origin, as has been proposed for small cell carcinoma of lung.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of skin with simultaneous cytokeratin expression. 620 92

CYFRA 21-1, CEA, CA 125, SCC and NSE serum levels were determined in 50 healthy subjects and in 189 patients with primary lung cancer (101 with locoregional disease, 68 with recurrence and 20 patients with no evidence of residual disease (NED). Abnormal CYFRA 21-1 serum levels were found in 53.6% (90/168) of the patients with active cancer. Neither healthy subjects nor NED patients had abnormal serum levels. CYFR alpha 21-1 serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with active cancer than in healthy subjects or in NED patients (p < 0.0001). CYFRA 21-1 sensitivity was related to tumor histology with abnormal levels in 64.7% of patients with NSCLC and in 30% of patients with SCLC (P < 0.0001). In NSCLC, serum CYFRA 21-1 concentrations were also related to histological type, the highest values being found in squamous cell carcinomas and LCLC and the lowest in adenocarcinomas (p < 0.04). There was also a clear relationship between CYFRA 21-1 and tumor extension, with significantly higher values in patients with metastases than in those without metastases (p < 0.0001). Abnormal CEA values were found in 49.1%, CA 125 in 39%, SCC in 27.8% and NSE in 21.3% of the patients with active cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:CYFRA 21-1 in lung cancer: comparison with CEA, CA 125, SCC and NSE serum levels. 752 48

Within the past few years, the measurement of serum and tissue markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. Lung cancer illustrates the types and importance of these various markers. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting markers in non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CEA, TPA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA 21-1, ferritin, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, H-K-N-ras mutations and p53 mutation seem to be the most prolific in NSCLC, while NSE, BN/GRP, CK-BB, NCAM, IL-2R, IGF-I, transferrin, ANP, mAb (cluster 5), Le-y and c-N-L-myc mutation are markers in SCLC patients. Some of these serum markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure to allow change of the regimen. The study of these markers also may lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of lung cancer. The information derived from these biological studies represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies, as well as attempts at secondary prevention.
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PMID:Clinical tumour markers in lung cancer. 753 17

A 74-year-old woman with left-sided heart failure was admitted to our department with abnormal shadow in the right lung. Chest X-P and CT scans showed a tumor shadow measuring 2.5 cm in the right lower lobe and mediastinal lymphnode swelling. Cytological examination of needle biopsy specimen revealed small cell carcinoma (cT1N2M0). Elevations of tumor marker, NSE and CEA were noticed at 11.8 and 12.7 ng/ml, respectively. Considering complications including renal insufficiency and heart failure in the case, 2 courses of oral etoposide (25 mg/body) for 21 consecutive days were performed. The tumor shadow decreased remarkably in size and complete response (CR) was obtained. Side effects were all tolerable. A pharmacokinetic study of etoposide revealed serum etoposide levels of more than 1.0 microgram/ml on day 15. These results suggest that oral etoposide administration is an effective regimen in small cell lung cancer patients associated with renal insufficiency.
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PMID:[A case of small cell lung cancer with renal insufficiency effectively treated with oral etoposide administration]. 771 22

Somatostatin receptors have been described on the membrane of neoplastic cells derived from the APUD system and their expression has also been demonstrated on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro and in vivo. 21 patients with SCLC were studied using 111In-octreotide (111In-OCT) scintigraphy. Scintigraphic examinations were performed following intravenous (i.v.) injection of 111 MBq 111In-OCT with whole-body scintigraphy and planar scintigraphy of the thorax as well as the SPET technique. No short-term side effects were described following 111In-OCT administration. We studied the 111In-OCT biodistribution in 3 patients with serial scintigraphies at 1, 5 and 24 h. We used the 5 h as standard scanning time for the following 18 patients. The scintigraphic results were compared with those of other conventional diagnostic procedures. 111In-OCT detected 86% (48/56) of the lesions already known at the time of scintigraphy. It was positive in all 20 SCLC patients and negative in one lung adenocarcinoma. 111In-OCT showed high sensitivity for mediastinal metastases (94%) and good sensitivity for bone metastases (75%) and abdominal lymph node metastases (71%). 111In-OCT did not detect two liver metastases. 111In-OCT detected five unknown lesions which were confirmed by other diagnostic examinations. 111In-OCT was also effective in cancer patients with low levels of NSE. Our study shows that 111In-OCT scintigraphy is a reliable, non-invasive technique to detect primary SLCL and its locoregional or distant metastases. The clinical utility of receptor status characterisation obtained with 111In-OCT scintigraphy should be evaluated by means of an appropriate prospective study.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor imaging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by means of 111In-DTPA octreotide scintigraphy. 771 23

We reported a case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. A 63-year-old man was admitted to Kenwakai Hospital with rapidly progressing symptoms, including lumbago, whole body pain, vertigo, nausea, and anorexia. He became bed-ridden because of severe vertigo and truncal ataxia. Five days after admission, he developed opsoclonus followed by myoclonus and mild disturbance of consciousness, but he showed no appendicular ataxia or pyramidal tract sign. He was treated with prednisolone, 40 mg/day, which was effective for disturbance of consciousness, but opsoclonus and myoclonus persisted. He died of liver dysfunction and ventricular fibrillation 3 weeks after onset. Blood examination revealed high LDH (1,106 IU/l), Al-P, and gamma-GTP titers. Tumor markers were normal except for increase NSE activity (129 ng/ml). The cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell count, 63.9 mg/dl of protein, 7.3 mg/dl of IgG, and normal glucose. A cranial CT scan showed an old lacune only. Chest rentgenogram and CT scan revealed mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement. An abdominal CT scan showed multiple low density masses in the liver. Small cell lung cancer associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome was suspected. Western blot analysis revealed that his serum reacted with protein in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and dorsal root ganglion with a molecular weight of 77 kDa. This is the first time such an antibody was ever been detected in patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. The molecular weights of the antigens previously found by the serum of patients with this syndrome, were 55 kDa and 80 kDa in patients with breast cancer, and 210 kDa in patients with neuroblastoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with anti-central nervous system antibody]. 782 Sep 64

The clinical value of neuron-specific enolase as a marker is small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, melanoma and seminoma has been reviewed. The role of serum and cerebrospinal NSE in benign and malignant disease of the central nervous system is discussed.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase. 783 97

137 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were retrospectively analysed. The median survival for all patients were 284 days, for limited disease patients 399 days, and for extensive disease patients 252 days. Univariate statistical analysis based on Kaplan-Meier-estimates and Log-Rank-Test showed the following prognostically beneficial factors: Limited disease stage (p = 0.009), NSE serum level less than 25 micrograms/l (p = 0.016), serum alkaline phosphatase less than 200 U/l (p = 0.035), normal serum albumin (p = 0.003) and activity index of minimum of 70 (p < 0.001). The patient age and sex did not image as relevant prognostical factors.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors of small-cell bronchial carcinoma]. 793 56


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