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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines usually grow as floating aggregates, in contrast to the adherent monolayers formed by non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Induction of an adherent phenotype by a variety of methods has been the subject of a number of recent publications. In this study, cultivation of the classic SCLC cell line, NCI-H69, on a substratum provided by the pretreatment of tissue culture dishes with medium conditioned by the growth of a well differentiated squamous carcinoma cell line, HN5, induced an adherent phenotype with a variety of epithelioid morphologies, commencing within 24 hr of plating. From such cultures an adherent subline, H69A, has been established, which differs in its growth, morphological characteristics, and immunocytochemical marker expression from the parent NCI-H69 cells, and in its marker expression from other adherent SCLC cell lines. H69A retained expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the neuroendocrine markers neuron specific enoclase, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin, but showed diminished expression of the epithelial cell surface markers AUA1, Ber-EP4, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and desmosomal protein. Compared to NCI-H69 cells, the amounts of cytokeratin 18 detected were elevated, while those of cytokeratin 19 were diminished in H69A cells. Focal expression of cytokeratin 4 was found in some H69A cells, indicative of a capacity for partial squamous differentiation. The expression of the cell surface glycoproteins detected by AUA1 and Ber-EP4 was reduced throughout cultivation of the H69A subline, while that of EMA and desmosomal protein was further diminished with continued passage. Changes in the expression of these markers and NCAM were evident in NCI-H69 cells grown on an HN5-derived substratum.
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PMID:Expression of neuroendocrine and epithelial markers in an adherent subline derived from a classic small cell lung cancer cell line. 133 94

The present study examines the relationship between neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and the clinical behaviour of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Retrospective (n = 315) and prospective (n = 44) cohorts of non-small cell tumours were obtained from surgically treated cases of lung cancer, comprising 218 squamous cell carcinomas, 65 adenocarcinomas, 51 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 25 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas. Paraffin wax embedded and fresh frozen tissue sections were stained for the NE markers neurone specific enolase, creatine kinase-BB, bombesin, neurotensin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and UJ-13A. The expression of two or more markers was observed in 30% of cases, and was taken to identify NE-NSCLC. A statistically significant correlation between nodal status and NE differentiation (P = 0.05), and disease stage and NE differentiation (P = 0.04) was observed. However, there was no correlation between NE differentiation and survival. These findings suggest that NE-NSCLC, analogous to SCLC is more highly metastatic than non-NE-NSCLC.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation and clinical behaviour in non-small cell lung tumours. 165 75

Immunocytochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to study the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by human lung cancer cell lines. Intense surface staining for NCAM was found at light and electron microscopic levels on small cell lung cancer cells. The NCAM polypeptide of Mr 140,000 (NCAM 140) was detected by immunoblotting in all of 7 small cell lung cancer cell lines examined and in one out of two of the closely related large cell cancer cell lines: it was not detected in cell lines obtained from one patient with a mesothelioma, in two cases of adenocarcinoma, nor in two cases of squamous cell cancer. In contrast, neuron-specific enolase was found by immunoblotting in all the lung cancer cell lines tested and synaptophysin in all but the adenocarcinoma cell lines. These antigens were localized intracellularly. The specific expression of NCAM 140 by human small and large cell lung carcinomas suggests its potential as a diagnostic marker.
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PMID:NCAM: a surface marker for human small cell lung cancer cells. 216 22

Synaptophysin is a Mr 38,000 integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by a variety of normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. We studied synaptophysin as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in lung cancer and compared it to the immunocytochemical expression of chromogranin A, a marker for dense core (endocrine) granules, and the biochemical activity of L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), the key amine-handling enzyme. Of the 250 cell lines available to us, we selected examples representative of the following cell types: bronchial carcinoids (n = 4), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (n = 7), extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (n = 4), and non-small cell lung cancers (n = 18) whose neuroendocrine status had been previously determined on the basis of electron microscopy and DDC activity. We demonstrated (a) there was a higher incidence of synaptophysin than chromogranin A immunoreactivity in carcinoid (100 versus 75%), classic SCLC (70 versus 50%), and variant SCLC (57 versus 29%) cell lines; (b) 3 of the 4 (75%) extrapulmonary small cell lung cancer cell lines expressed synaptophysin and chromogranin A; (c) 5 of the 7 (71%) non-small cell lung cancer cell lines previously shown to express multiple neuroendocrine markers were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and DDC activity; (d) none of the other 11 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines expressed synaptophysin or chromogranin A; and (e) formalin fixation and paraffin embedding reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity in 11 of 14 (79%) of the cell lines, as compared to freshly prepared specimens fixed in 95% ethanol. Western blot analysis using the synaptophysin antibody (SY38) demonstrated immunoreactive proteins ranging from Mr 43,000 to 45,000 in five representative cell lines. The concordance of expression of all three neuroendocrine markers was statistically significant when values for all cell lines were totalled. Synaptophysin was a more commonly expressed marker for variant SCLC cell lines, which rarely showed DDC activity. We conclude that synaptophysin may be a more sensitive and specific marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, when compared to chromogranin A and DDC in lung cancer cell lines which express only part of the neuroendocrine program.
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PMID:A comparison of synaptophysin, chromogranin, and L-dopa decarboxylase as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation in lung cancer cell lines. 216 88

Biopsy specimens obtained from eight patients with lung cancer were tested for content of somatostatin receptors by autoradiography. Somatostatin receptors were detected in two of three patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but in none of five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) including adenocarcinoma (two), squamous cell carcinoma (two), and bronchoalveolar carcinoma (one). In those with SCLC, specific somatostatin receptor binding was evidenced only in tumor foci and not in surrounding stroma or normal lung parenchyma. Further tissue characterization by immunoperoxidase staining with the pancytokeratin monoclonal antibody, mAB-lu-5, revealed labeling to all of the NSCLC but to none of the SCLC specimen. Selective immunoreactivity was detected in both the SCLC and the NSCLC specimen to chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) whereas none of the specimen had detectable immunostaining to somatostatin, bombesin, serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, neurofilament, calcitonin, and synaptophysin. The identification of somatostatin receptors in primary human lung cancer may have a bearing on the biology of this disease and perhaps on the clinical application of somatostatin analogues in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Identification of somatostatin receptors in human small cell lung carcinoma. 217 45

Small-cell carcinomas of the lung (SCLCs) are frequent tumors of the bronchopulmonary tract which are distinguished by their neuroendocrine (NE) features, indicative of a derivation from the sparse neuroendocrine cells present in the normal epithelium. Because of the lack of marked morphological details, the differential diagnosis of this tumor is very difficult. We show that the epithelial nature and origin of SCLCs can be demonstrated, biochemically and immunocytochemically, by the expression of cytokeratins, notably cytokeratins 8 and 18, often together with desmosomal proteins as another independent differentiation marker. The NE character of SCLCs, on the other hand, is revealed by antibodies to certain NE-specific components, notably the broad range NE marker, the membrane protein synaptophysin. Both kinds of differentiation markers are also expressed in a number of SCLC-derived cultured cell lines which therefore may serve as valuable biological model systems to study the biology of SCLC.
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PMID:Differentiation markers as an aid in the histological diagnosis of small-cell carcinoma of the lung: synopsis of intermediate filament protein and synaptophysin expression. 284 53

The value of immunoreactivity of antibodies against neuronspecific enolase (NSE), bombesin (GRP), and synaptophysin (SY 38) as markers for various human lung carcinoma has been assessed. One hundred-forty-two primary bronchus carcinomas (small cell anaplastic carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, and large cell anaplastic carcinoma) were studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase method (PAP). SY 38 was found to react positively in 49/68 (79%) of the small cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCCL) and in 6/74 (8%) of the non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCCL). Positive immunohistochemical data with antibody SY 38 showed in some cases an immunoreactive polypeptide of Mr = 40.000 obtained by immunoblotting similar in molecular weight as described for synaptophysin in other tumours. Reactivity of NSE was observed in 41/68 (61%) of the SCCL and in 8/74 (10%) of the NSCCL. Positive reactivity to GRP was similar to NSE in 42/68 (62%) of SCCL and in 7/74 (10%) of NSCCL. All cases of NSCCL reacting positively to SY 38 were found to react positively to NSE, and to GRP. Prognostic value of SY 38 was calculated vp = 0.71 for positive prediction and vn = 0.91 for negative prediction. The data indicate that SY 38 represents the broadest marker for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung since in addition to the majority of SCCL about 10% of NSCCL are recognized by the antibody SY 38.
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PMID:Expression of neuroendocrine markers (neuronspecific enolase, synaptophysin and bombesin) in carcinoma of the lung. 314 9

Non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation may represent a subset of patients with a more aggressive (like small cell lung cancer) or less aggressive (like carcinoid) biological behavior. To investigate their prognostic significance, immunohistochemical stains for 4 neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, Leu-7, and synaptophysin) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied in 260 patients with surgically resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. The following percentages of cases were positive for each marker: neuron-specific enolase, 70.0%; chromogranin A, 14.2%; Leu-7, 7.7%; synaptophysin, 11.2%; and CEA, 68.5%. Sixty-one (23.5%) were positive for > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. When compared to adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma displayed lower positivity for CEA and > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. There was no significant difference in stage, site of relapse (distant versus local), disease-free, or overall survival for each marker individually or for those with > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. Multivariate analysis showed that higher nodal stage (N1 versus N0), tumor stage (T2 versus T1), older age, and the presence of mucin predicted for poorer overall survival. Neuroendocrine markers and CEA were not of prognostic significance in this group of patients with resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine markers and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. 818 76

One (Lu-134A) of nine human small cell lung cancer cell lines which grow as floating cell aggregates changed its morphology dramatically when cells were cultured on a coverslip coated with polyethylenimine or extracellular matrix of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC-9 cells. The Lu-134A cells adhered to the substrate and developed elongated cytoplasmic processes which gradually grew into long neuronal-like processes. These processes developed to a length of more than 10 times the cell body length after 20 days of culture. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate to the cells on these substrates remarkably promoted the development and elongation of the processes, which grew into a netlike arrangement. The characteristics of these elongated neuronal-like processes were studied using immunocytochemical and electron microscopical methods. The processes reacted intensely with monoclonal antibodies against beta-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein-2. The swelling portions of the distal tips of these processes reacted strongly with polyclonal antibody against synaptophysin. Neurosecretory granules and bundles of microtubules were observed within processes. These findings suggested that this human small cell lung cancer cell line (Lu-134A) differentiated into neuronal cells, and indicated that attachment of cells to a substrate is the key to the development of long neurite-like outgrowths.
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PMID:Development and elongation of neurite-like outgrowth on small cell lung cancer cell lines. 911 46

Recent reports indicate that Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) responds favorably to chemotherapy, and this response is associated with the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers. However, the currently available reports on the expression of NE markers in SCLC and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) are highly inconsistent and need to be reevaluated. Therefore, we have undertaken the current study to clearly define the expression of NE markers in SCLC and NSCLC using representative cell lines. We studied the NE markers, chromogranin A, Neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu-7 and synaptophysin using various immunochemical and molecular biological methods. By employing Western blotting method, we found that both SCLC and NSCLC cells express large amounts of NSE and chromogranin A. The natural killer cell surface associated antigen (Leu-7) was expressed specifically only by SCLC cell lines. This finding was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of the SCLC cells. We could not detect any synaptophysin levels in any of the above cell types by Western blotting technique. Therefore, we employed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT.PCR) to study the expression of synaptophysin mRNA and found that both SCLC and NSCLC cells express it, albeit in different amounts.
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PMID:Expression of neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Leu-7 in lung cancer cell lines. 970 May 77


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