Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme immunoassay for serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was evaluated with respect to analytical performance and clinical utility and compared with immunohistochemical evaluation of neuroendocrine differentiation. Values obtained agreed well with values obtained using a radioimmunoassay method giving a correlation coefficient of 0.934. Analytical performance of the enzyme immunoassay was good but the diagnostic sensitivity of 82% in extensive and 67% in limited disease was insufficient for serum NSE to be of value in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Serum NSE decreased significantly in 11 of 15 patients with SCLC following institution of chemotherapy. Classification of lung cancers into SCLC and non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types is largely based on tumour morphology. Neuroendocrine differentiation may not be morphologically evident. Immunohistochemical staining of tumour tissue with markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, i.e. NSE (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) Leu 7, Chromogranin A and P G P 9.5 was performed in both patients with SCLC and NSCLC. 38 per cent of patients with NSCLC had both raised serum NSE and positive NSE (polyclonal) immunoperoxidase staining of lung tissue. A further 35 per cent of patients showed a raised serum NSE or positive immunohistochemistry but not both. The presence of two positive immunoperoxidase markers in lung tissue has been suggested as an indicator of responsiveness to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. A number of factors may affect immunohistochemical positivity in tissue sections and the additional use of a serum marker may better define chemotherapy responsive groups.
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PMID:Serum neuron-specific enolase and immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in lung cancer. 789 May 31

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a tumor marker for neuroendocrine tumors or tumors of neuroepithelial origin. While the clinical application of NSE in small cell lung cancer has been established, its role in small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is unknown. We examined serum NSE in six patients with cervical small cell carcinoma and 13 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Elevated serum NSE was noted in four of six patients (67%) with small cell carcinoma, but none of the 13 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. An extremely high NSE serum level (154.7 ng/mL) was found in one patient with recurrence of small cell carcinoma, suggesting its correlation with disease extension. Although further studies to evaluate its relevance to prognosis, treatment effect, and early detection of recurrence are in progress, this preliminary result seems promising.
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PMID:Serum neuron-specific enolase levels in patients with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 791 89

Serological tumor markers may become widely used as inexpensive and non-invasive methods of cancer detection. Markers of current interest for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprise enzymes, peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates. None of the serological markers for SCLC have yet proven to be of diagnostic value and at present their use is limited to monitoring disease and indicating prognosis. However, whilst serological markers related to the metabolic state of SCLC cells, such as neuron-specific enolase, serum thymidine kinase and tissue polypeptide antigen, may only be used for monitoring patients and for estimating prognosis, the other serological markers under current investigation may be used to indicate new treatment forms. Several novel approaches, including interference in the autocrine growth-regulating loop of SCLC by either peptides or antibodies, have been tried, SCLC is a highly heterogeneous tumor with respect to antigen expression, regulation of growth, and differentiation state. It is therefore important that new interventions are directed against both antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumor cells. For instance, radioisotopes or enzymes coupled to antibodies may be effective by exerting toxicity at some distance from the target. Antigens expressed on SCLC cells, such as peptide receptors involved in growth regulation, carbohydrate antigens like Lewis antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen and the ganglioside fucosylGM1, provide potential targets for antibody-conjugated therapy.
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PMID:Serological tumor markers for small cell lung cancer and their therapeutic implications. 794 58

The utility of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the diagnosis and management of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is analyzed. Serum concentrations of NSE were measured in 69 healthy adults, 106 patients with non-neoplastic pneumopathy (NNP), 16 with pulmonary metastasis of extrapulmonary origin (PMEO), 126 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 77 with SCLC. Repeated analyses were carried out for patients in the last group during and after treatment, and survival time was recorded. NSE was high in 77.6% of patients with SCLC [50% in cases with limited disease (LD) and 93.6% in those with extensive disease (ED)]. NSE was high in 10.3% of those with NSCLC, in 11.5% of those with PMEO, and in 2.8% of those with NNP. NSE decreased 100% in SCLC patients achieving full remission after treatment and in 25% of those responding poorly. Later, this marker increased in 81.2% of those experiencing relapse, and in 6.2% of these the increased preceded symptoms. Initial NSE concentrations had prognostic value (p = 0.003) that was independent of disease stage (LD or ED). NSE is of great diagnostic and prognostic value in SCLC, accurately reflecting tumor size. Posttreatment changes closely parallel disease activity.
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PMID:[The usefulness of serum neuron-specific enolase in the clinical management of small-cell lung carcinoma]. 798 43

Non-small cell lung cancers with neuroendocrine differentiation (NSCLC-NE) may demonstrate biologic behavior intermediate between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with impact on prognosis. We studied the expression of four well-defined neuroendocrine (NE) markers: neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A, Leu-7, gastrin-releasing peptide, and a panel of three non-NE markers, including vimentin, and the epithelial markers carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) by immunohistochemistry, and mucin by histochemistry in 237 resected NSCLCs from patients on six LCSG protocols. Twenty-nine (12%) tumors were positive for 2 or more NE markers. An NE differentiation score was calculated but failed to correlate with recurrence as did other combinations of markers. However, the presence of tissue staining for CEA was strongly associated with improved survival (p = 0.011), whereas the presence of mucin was associated with a worse outcome (p < 0.001). Individually, CEA and mucin remained prognostic even when corrected for stage, histologic features, and performance status. We conclude that NE differentiation is not predictive of recurrence in patients with resected NSCLC but data on patterns of CEA and mucin expression may improve prognostication and permit rational design of new therapeutic approaches.
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PMID:Impact of neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer. The LCSG experience. 798 66

We evaluated the biological characteristics of lung cancer by measuring their contents of human 28 kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein (calbindin-D). Calbindin-D concentrations were determined in tumor tissue and normal lung tissue extracts from patients with lung cancer by enzyme immunoassay. The percentage of high calbindin-D containing tissues in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was significantly higher than that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the calbindin-D concentration was low in normal lung extracts. In addition, most of the NSCLC which had a significantly high level of calbindin-D were at the advanced cancer stage with lymph node metastasis. Calbindin-D concentrations were also determined in lung cancer cell lines. The percentage of high calbindin-D containing cell lines was high in classic type SCLC, followed in order by variant type SCLC and NSCLC. In addition, in order to examine the usefulness of calbindin-D as a marker of neuroendocrine properties of lung cancer, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of calbindin-D for distinguishing classic from variant type SCLC with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) by relative operating characteristic curves. The diagnostic accuracy of AADC was the highest of the three and that of calbindin-D was as high as that of NSE. These findings suggest calbindin-D to be related to the neuroendocrine properties of lung cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of biological characteristics of lung cancer by the human 28 kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28k. 800 21

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were measured before treatment in 112 patients diagnosed as having small cell lung cancer in our department. All these patients underwent exhaustive staging procedures: 53 had limited disease (LD) and 59 extensive disease (ED). Serum NSE was elevated in 83% of the patients (i.e. 71% of the patients with LD and 93% of the patients with ED). Mean values of NSE differed significantly according to disease extent. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was constructed with different cut-off levels of serum NSE in order to determine the accuracy of NSE for identifying ED. There was no level of NSE capable of predicting with sufficient accuracy the presence of ED. The best compromise was given by a threshold of 35 micrograms/l: 60% of the ED patients had a serum NSE above 35 micrograms/l but 30% of the LD patients also had a serum NSE above 35 micrograms/l.
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PMID:Inability of serum neuron-specific enolase to predict disease extent in small cell lung cancer. 811 Apr 94

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and ferritin serum levels were assessed before treatment in 109 small cell lung cancer patients. CEA and ferritin serum levels were estimated by immunoenzymatic method: Abbott kits were used. NSE serum level was assessed by radioimmunoassay Pharmacia kits. In 38 patients the disease was localized, in 27 metastases were found in one organ and in 48-in two or more organs. CEA levels above 5 ng/ml were found in 41%, NSE above 12.5 micrograms/l in 86% and ferritin above 250 ng/ml in 41% of patients. The levels of CEA and NSE, but not of ferritin were correlated with the disease extent. The levels of CEA and ferritin, but not of NSE were correlated with performance status of the patients. In the patients with NSE serum levels above 50 micrograms/l and ferritin serum levels above 600 ng/ml the prognosis was significantly worse than in remaining patients.
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PMID:[Level of carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase and ferritin in serum of small cell lung cancer patients: correlation with performance status, disease extent and prognosis]. 811 22

Non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation may represent a subset of patients with a more aggressive (like small cell lung cancer) or less aggressive (like carcinoid) biological behavior. To investigate their prognostic significance, immunohistochemical stains for 4 neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, Leu-7, and synaptophysin) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied in 260 patients with surgically resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. The following percentages of cases were positive for each marker: neuron-specific enolase, 70.0%; chromogranin A, 14.2%; Leu-7, 7.7%; synaptophysin, 11.2%; and CEA, 68.5%. Sixty-one (23.5%) were positive for > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. When compared to adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma displayed lower positivity for CEA and > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. There was no significant difference in stage, site of relapse (distant versus local), disease-free, or overall survival for each marker individually or for those with > or = 2 neuroendocrine markers. Multivariate analysis showed that higher nodal stage (N1 versus N0), tumor stage (T2 versus T1), older age, and the presence of mucin predicted for poorer overall survival. Neuroendocrine markers and CEA were not of prognostic significance in this group of patients with resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine markers and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. 818 76

Serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA-50 antigen were determined in 168 consecutive patients with lung cancer. All three markers were significantly elevated compared with levels in 102 patients with non-malignant chest diseases. NSE and CEA varied significantly across histological lung cancer types, with most highly elevated serum levels in small cell lung cancer and adenocarcinomas, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.66 for NSE, 0.74 for CEA, and 0.62 for CA-50, implying that CEA best discriminated between lung cancer and benign chest diseases, while CA-50 was less efficient as a diagnostic marker. In multivariate analysis of the three markers combined, a positive predictive value of 95% for lung cancer could be achieved with a diagnostic sensitivity of 57%, with a cut-off level defined as 0.037.NSE + 0.052.CEA + 0.011.CA-50 > 1. In 22% of the cancer patients, the time from admission to histological or cytological lung cancer diagnosis exceeded 1 month. In 52% of these patients, the initial weighted tumour marker index was > 1, strongly implying the cancer diagnosis. The study lends support to the potential use of combined analysis of NSE, CEA and CA-50 as a complementary tool in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of serum assays of neuron-specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen and CA-50 antigen in the diagnosis of lung cancer. 838 Jun 96


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