Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years many new and improved cancer markers have become available. From a clinical point of view, the most useful of the new markers include CA 19-9 for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CA 125 for epithelial ovarian cancer, CA 15-3 for breast cancer, prostate specific antigen for prostatic adenocarcinoma, placental alkaline phosphatase for testicular seminomas and neuron-specific enolase for small cell carcinoma of lung. None of these new markers are specific for cancer. Furthermore, none are organ specific, except prostate specific antigen for prostatic tissue. The main application of these markers is in monitoring patients with the specific malignancies indicated. Whether routine use of any of these new markers leads to higher quality of life or enhanced survival remains to be determined.
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PMID:New cancer markers. 268 69

The serum level of pseudouridine, primarily a degradation product of tRNA, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 24 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 13 patients with non-SCLC with advanced stages, 15 patients with pulmonary infectious diseases, and 18 healthy controls. The mean serum pseudouridine concentration was significantly higher in the patients with SCLC [4.75 +/- 1.76 (SD) nmol/ml] than that in the patients with pulmonary infectious diseases (3.39 +/- 1.38 nmol/ml) or in healthy controls (2.21 +/- 0.78 nmol/ml). The mean serum pseudouridine concentration in the patients with non-SCLC (4.07 +/- 0.95 nmol/ml) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls but not statistically different from that in the patients with pulmonary infectious diseases. The serum pseudouridine level was elevated above the mean value plus 2 SD for the healthy subjects (3.77 nmol/ml) in 66.7% of all patients with SCLC including 3 of 8 (37.5%) with limited disease and 13 of 16 (81.3%) with extensive disease, and 53.8% of the patients with non-SCLC. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in 29.2% and serum neuron-specific enolase (greater than 10 ng/ml) in 58.3% of the cases with SCLC. In the patients with SCLC followed up during chemotherapy, serum pseudouridine levels changed considerably parallel with the changes in the clinical response. These findings indicate that serum pseudouridine may be a useful biochemical marker in the patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Serum pseudouridine as a biochemical marker in small cell lung cancer. 282 41

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was measured in 48 newly diagnosed untreated patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by radioimmunoassay. Serum NSE level elevated (greater than or equal to 15 ng/ml) in 50% of all patients. The positive ratio of NSE in patients with extensive disease (64%) was significantly higher than those in the patients with limited disease (30%) (p less than 0.05). The positive ratio of NSE in the patients with one metastatic site was 50%, that with two or more metastatic sites was 100% (p less than 0.05). No significant correlation was found between serum NSE levels and metastatic site as well as between serum NSE levels and response to the chemotherapy. In the patients with extensive disease, survival time was shorter in the patients with positive NSE levels than the patients with normal NSE levels. These findings indicate that serum NSE may be a useful marker for staging, monitoring and prognosis in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:[The changes in serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with small cell lung cancer]. 282 22

A retrospective evaluation of serial measurements of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been performed in 58 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All 58 patients received first-line chemotherapy and 11 patients received also second-line treatment after relapse. Samples were obtained every 3-4 weeks during treatment before each cycle of chemotherapy and every 6 or 12 weeks during follow-up. NSE values were depicted on semi-logarithmic paper. Fifty-one times a major response (complete or partial remission) was observed and 49 times the NSE level reached a plateau between 3.5-10 ng/ml. The NSE level did not discriminate between a complete or a partial remission. Seven times stable disease was obtained and the NSE level declined but remained above the normal plateau of 3.5-10 ng/ml. On 50 occasions progressive disease was found. In 3 cases progressive disease was due to a histologically-proven non-small cell lung cancer and NSE levels did not change. In only 5 out of the remaining 47 occasions NSE levels were normal at the time of relapse but rose later in 4. On 42 occasions of progressive SCLC an exponential rise of NSE was found, often within the range of 3.5-20 ng/ml. None of 6 patients, who are still incomplete remission for 1-5 years, showed a consistent rise of NSE. Serial measurements of serum NSE, can predict the occurrence of a major response, stable disease and progressive disease outside the brain with a very high accuracy and seem to be at least a useful addition to standard investigational methods to guide the treatment of SCLC.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase as a guide to the treatment of small cell lung cancer. 283 76

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-BB) were evaluated before therapy in the sera of 195 patients with histologically confirmed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in a prospective multicenter trial. Forty-four percent (84 of 193) of all patients had CEA levels higher than 5 ng/ml, 66% (111 of 168) had NSE levels higher than 12.5 ng/ml, and 32% (40 of 123) had CK-BB levels higher than 10 ng/ml. Clear pathologic levels were less frequently observed. Significantly higher pretreatment titers for CEA, NSE, and CK-BB were found in patients with bone marrow and/or liver metastases. The most elevated marker levels were observed in the group of nonresponding patients with bone marrow and/or liver metastases. Only a slight correlation between the pretreatment CEA level and survival time could be observed. Patients with pathologic NSE (greater than or equal to 30 ng/ml) levels and, in particular, those with pathologic CK-BB (greater than or equal to 25 ng/ml) levels had a significantly shorter median survival than those with normal or elevated levels. In addition, a positive linear correlation between pretreatment NSE and CK-BB (n = 116, r = 0.54) levels was found, but CEA levels did not correlate with other marker levels. From these data it is concluded that pretreatment CEA, NSE, and CK-BB levels are helpful in the clinical management of a subset of patients with SCLC, i.e., those with bone marrow and/or liver metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic value of pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and creatine kinase-BB levels in sera of patients with small cell lung cancer. 283 47

Since the therapeutic strategy for lung cancer is based on a classification of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (non-SCLC), not only histological examination but also detection of the biological properties which distinguish cancer cell types are clinically important. In this context tumor markers play a useful role in the detection of biological properties of lung cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the specificity of tumor markers for SCLC and their contribution to clinical management. Among many tumor markers for which assay systems are available in clinical practice, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was shown to be the most specific to SCLC. Average values of extractable NSE in SCLC tissues and cultured SCLC cell lines were significantly higher than those in non-SCLC and normal specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for NSE in most cases of SCLC. In clinical studies, a serum value exceeding 10 ng/ml was set as a positive level in tests. Elevated levels of this enzyme were observed in approximately 70% of SCLC and less than 20% of non-SCLC, all of which were at an advanced stage. Consecutive daily determinations of NSE during induction chemotherapy showed transient elevation immediately after the initiation of drug administration and a subsequent declines to the normal range in responders. Periodic surveys of NSE were useful for predicting relapse prior to imaging detection. The data indicated that NSE is a specific and useful marker in the management of lung cancer. SCLC with elevated serum NSE should be treated with intensive chemotherapy due to progression of the disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of tumor markers in the management of small cell lung cancer]. 283 15

Bronchial carcinoids and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are currently recognized as neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms. However, non-SCLC (NSCLC) may also express NE properties. Paraffin-embedded sections of a comprehensive panel of 113 lung carcinomas were analyzed for the expression of three general markers common to all NE cells, namely, chromogranin A, Leu-7 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), five specific NE secretory products, and four other tumor markers by immunohistochemistry using the sensitive avidin-biotinylated peroxidase technique. The authors were able to demonstrate the following: (1) most, but not all carcinoids and SCLCs expressed multiple NE markers in a high percentage of tumor cells; (2) up to a half of NSCLC cases contained small subpopulations of cells expressing NE in a high percentage of tumor cells; (2) up to half of NSCLC cases contained small subpopulations of cells expressing NE markers; and (3) occasional NSCLCs showed staining patterns indistinguishable from SCLC. Specifically, 7 of 77 NSCLCs expressed four or more NE markers. NE markers in NSCLCs were more commonly expressed in adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas and rarely in squamous cell carcinomas. For comparison, the mean number of NE markers expressed by all cases of NSCLC was 1.5, carcinoids 6.0, and SCLCs 3.8. Individual "marker counts" were not useful in categorizing lung tumors as carcinoids and SCLC versus NSCLC. Instead, 95% of the tumors were correctly classified, applying a statistical model created from staining indices of the three general NE markers (chromogranin A, Leu-7, NSE) and three other tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, keratin, vimentin). Because NSCLCs with NE features might have different clinical characteristics than other NSCLCs, immunohistochemistry provides an effective manner to identify this biologically interesting subset of NSCLCs in routine paraffin sections.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in endocrine and nonendocrine lung carcinomas. 284 8

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was measured in serum samples of 35 patients with small cell lung cancer and 10 control patients. The samples were collected during 10 days after the first course of chemotherapy, in order to investigate whether changes of NSE had a predictive value of tumour response. Three patterns of change of NSE were observed. Pattern 1 showed an increase of serum NSE with a maximum value more than 1.5 times the pretreatment level (n = 17); pattern 2 involved no increase at all or less than 1.5 times the pretreatment level (n = 14); pattern 3 showed a continuous decrease (n = 5). No relationship between the three patterns of change and the tumour response was observed. Only an NSE level less than 10 ng/ml at the time of start of the second course predicted a major response.
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PMID:Levels of neuron-specific enolase after chemotherapy do not predict a response in small cell lung cancer. 284 6

We analyzed serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and thymidine kinase (TK) levels in 22 patients with small cell lung cancer. Tumor proliferation was expressed as the proportion of S-phase cells (SPF), determined by DNA flow cytometry, from concomitantly taken biopsy samples. A positive correlation between serum NSE (r = 0.41) or LDH (r = 0.65, p = 0.05) levels and tumor SPF was noted, but was not found between serum TK levels and the SPF. The correlation between NSE and SPF was even more pronounced if only patients with extensive disease were considered (r = 0.77). The serum NSE and LDH, but not TK levels, were significantly greater in the patients with extensive disease (NSE 50.4 ng/ml, LDH 621 U/ml) compared to the patients with limited disease (NSE 21.0 ng/ml, LDH 272 U/ml, p = 0.05). Our results suggest that the combined determination of serum LDH and NSE levels gives valuable data on the primary tumor mass and its proliferative activity in small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Correlation between serum tumor marker levels and tumor proliferation in small cell lung cancer. 284 99

The pre-treatment serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and circulating immune complexes (CC) as tumour markers were compared to measurements of standard haematology and biochemical indices in 73 patients with lung cancer, as an aid to differentiation of tumour type, estimating disease extent, predicting response to therapy and prognosis. Elevated NSE greater than or equal to 12.5 ng ml-1, PHI greater than or equal to 55 mgl-1 levels were observed in 55% of cases for NSE, 90% for PHI and 49% for CC. NSE was significantly elevated in 61% (25/41) of patients with SCLC (P less than 0.005) compared to 41% (13/32) with NSCLC. CC levels were significantly raised in 72% (23/32) of patients with NSCLC (P less than 0.05) compared to 32% with SCLC. The levels of NSE and PHI were not related to tumour stage but CC was significantly raised in limited compared to extensive disease in SCLC (P less than 0.05). Serum albumin was significantly lower in NSCLC compared to SCLC, and median values of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminoaspartate transferase were significantly higher in patients with extensive disease. The pre-treatment serum values of NSE, PHI, and CC did not predict the response to therapy or prognosis in the 73 patients with lung cancer. The most important prognostic factor was the number of abnormal routine laboratory parameters (greater than 4) in this group of patients.
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PMID:The value of tumour markers in lung cancer. 290 54


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