Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunocytochemical method, involving four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) previously selected for their specific binding to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells in human bone marrow, was used for detection of bone marrow metastases in 81 patients with diagnosed SCLC. This procedure was compared with two routine morphologic methods with regard to diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity. Bone marrow involvement was found in 26 patients (32%), one of which had limited disease according to conventional clinical criteria. Eight of the positive cases were exclusively diagnosed by immunocytochemistry, whereas the histologic and cytologic methods separately identified two patients each. Immunocytochemistry had a detection level of tumor cells in the mononuclear cell fraction of approximately 1-2%, whereas no patients with less than 10% immunocytologically detectable tumor cells were diagnosed by cytomorphologic examination of bone marrow aspirates. Evidence was obtained that the diagnostic efficiency of any method increased with the number of samples examined. Of the four MAbs used, the anti-NCAM antibody, MOC-1, labeled tumor cells in all immunologically positive patients, and in all but one of these patients all cytologically confirmed tumor cells were stained. The antibodies MOC-31, which recognize a cluster-2 antigen, and NrLu10 bound nearly all tumor cells in most cases, whereas MLuC1 only diagnosed tumor cells in a fraction of the patients. The results show that the immunocytochemical application of these antibodies is superior to morphologic techniques in detecting SCLC bone marrow metastases. Further use of the method might provide prognostically and therapeutically useful information.
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PMID:Detection of bone marrow metastases in small cell lung cancer patients. Comparison of immunologic and morphologic methods. 138 58

Lung carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumours with large variations in the biochemical, clinical, morphological and pathological manifestations. Despite the neuroendocrine features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), it is today generally accepted that all types of lung cancer emanate from a common endodermally derived multipotent stem cell of the bronchial epithelium. NCAM (neutral cell adhesion molecule) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of SCLC. The presence of NCAM, with the alpha (2,8) polysialic acid units characteristic of embryonal NCAM, in SCLC and in a portion of NSCLC, seems to correlate with the malignant behaviour and prognosis of the tumours, suggesting that NCAM may have a functional role in the clinicopathological manifestations of lung cancer. Fuc-GM1 with 2-hydroxy fatty acids as a characteristic component of the ceramide has been found to be a unique ganglioside of SCLC, detected in the tissues as well as in serum from SCLC patients using specific monoclonal antibodies. Accumulation of sialylated and fucosylated polylactosamine type 2 carbohydrate glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens was found in serum and tissues of lung tumours in accordance with what is described in gastrointestinal carcinomas, and these antigens may be regarded as general carcinoma antigens irrespective of organ. Sialylated and fucosylated type 1 antigens, and gangliosides with NeuAc alpha (2,6)Gal linkage were also accumulated in lung cancer. The human immune system has been found to recognize lung cancer carbohydrate antigens, which might be human lung cancer autoantigens.
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PMID:Carbohydrate antigens in human lung carcinomas. 152 May 24

A cDNA clone, designated NC7, has been isolated from human foetal kidney that partially codes for the 140 kDa isoform of human NCAM. This clone contains a 6 bp insert that is not present in the human muscle cDNA clone lambda 4.4. This same sequence has also been found in both a cDNA clone obtained from a human Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) line and in human genomic DNA. Furthermore, an equivalent sequence to the 6 bp region identified in the above samples is present in mouse, rat and chicken NCAM. The 6 bp insertion does not lie at a predicted intron/exon boundary as extrapolated by homology studies with the chicken and, therefore, the mechanism by which the sequence is deleted from the human muscle clone lambda 4.4 remains unclear.
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PMID:A discordance between the human muscle NCAM sequence and those seen in other NCAM cDNA clones. 154 53

We have studied MAbs* for their ability to detect SCLC and differentiate this tumor type from the other lung tumor histotypes in cryostat sections of biopsy specimens taken at bronchoscopy from patients with suspected primary lung tumor disease. MAb F12, specific for the ganglioside fucosyl-GM1, reacted with 58% of the cases with SCLC (n = 19) and with less than 3% of those with non-SCLC (n = 38). MAb 123C3, specifically reactive with NCAM, reacted with 78% of the SCLC cases (n = 23). With this MAb no positive staining was seen in the non-SCLC cases (n = 41). None of the two MAbs reacted with tissue sections without tumor. In combined analysis with MAbs F12 and 123C3, all SCLC cases (n = 15) were positive with either and 47% with both of the MAbs. Our results show that both MAbs F12 and 123C3 are highly specific for SCLC in bronchoscopic biopsy tissue specimens, whereas the sensitivity for this histotype tends to be higher with MAb 123C3 than with F12 (P = 0.14). When used in combination, all SCLC cases could be identified. These MAbs may therefore be valuable as complements to current histopathologic characterization and differentiation of lung cancer.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of two small cell lung carcinoma-associated antigens defined by MAbs F12 and 123C3 in bronchoscopy biopsy tissues. 165 59

By flow cytometric assays, we tested the antibodies of the Second International Workshop on Small Cell Lung Cancer Antigens against 20 normal peripheral leukocytes, four small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines (one classic type, and three variant type) and one gastric cancer line (KATO 3). Thirteen antibodies (Code # 4, 12, 21, 31, 34, 41, 48, 58, 60, 61, 74, 77, 82) among 98 registered antibodies showed a very similar pattern to antibody NE150, which was previously characterised as SCLC cluster 1. Since NE150 showed a positive reaction to the natural killer (NK) cell population, the serological specificity was compared with NK cell-associated antibodies, NKH1 (CD56), Leu7 (CD57) and Leu11 (CD16). Only NKH1 antibody showed a similar pattern to NE150, when tested against various target cells including SCLC lines and peripheral leukocytes, suggesting that NKH1 is a cluster 1 antibody, although it was already classified as CD56 of hematopoietic cells. By sequential immunoprecipitation, the antigen detected by NE150 antibody was depleted by preincubation with NKH1 antibody, but the reactivity of NE150 was not inhibited by NKH1 antibody, suggesting that NE150 and NKH1 detect different epitopes on the same antigen molecule. Epitope analysis was also conducted with 13 antibodies of cluster 1. Ten were found to detect the same epitope as NE150. The other three did not inhibit the binding of NE150 or NKH1, suggesting that there are at least three epitopes. Since the cluster 1 antibodies were demonstrated to detect NCAM, the present results suggest the presence of at least three epitopes on this molecule.
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PMID:Epitope analysis of cluster 1 and NK cell-related monoclonal antibodies. 171 Jan 38

Previous studies have demonstrated the monoclonal antibody, TFS-4, to recognize a cell surface antigen, 124,000 Daltons, of molecular weight expressed selectively on small cell lung cancer but not on non-small cell lung cancer, and to cross-react with the human brain, cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle cells. The cross-reactivity of TFS-4 with peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined by two color immunofluorescence analysis, using monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte differentiation antigens. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an identical subset of cells to express both BASCA and CD56(NKH-1 antigen). The immunofluorescence profiles for both TFS-4 and NKH-1 were, furthermore, identical to those of the background controls, identicating identical quantities of the antigens to be present on each cell within the population. Since CD56 has been show to be identical to the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), we determined the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of BASCA purified from the human brain. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of BASCA was identical to that of N-CAM.
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PMID:Identity of brain-associated small cell lung cancer antigen and the CD56 (NKH-1/Leu-19) leukocyte differentiation antigen and the neural cell adhesion molecule. 171 60

In human serum, at least two molecular species of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) with molecular weights of 110,000-130,000 and 150,000-180,000, respectively, can be identified by Western blotting. Both are characterized by the absence of epitopes for monoclonal antibodies KD11 and MG5, which specifically recognize intracellular domains of the human NCAM transmembrane isoforms, NCAM-140 and NCAM-180. In contrast to the M(r) 110,000-130,000 molecule also detectable in serum samples from healthy blood donors, the M(r) 150,000-180,000 molecule appears to be tumor associated. The only difference between these two species is shown to be the presence of long chains of alpha-(2,8)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acids, which are characteristic for the so-called embryonic NCAM form. After treatment with endoneuraminidase N, the M(r) 150,000-180,000 molecule can no longer be discriminated from the M(r) 110,000-130,000 molecule in Western blotting as well as gel and anion exchange chromatography experiments. The experimental data clearly show that only the embryonic NCAM molecule carrying the poly-alpha-(2,8)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid moiety can be regarded as a specific serum marker for small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Characterization of tumor-associated neural cell adhesion molecule in human serum. 751 53

Within the past few years, the measurement of serum and tissue markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. Lung cancer illustrates the types and importance of these various markers. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting markers in non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CEA, TPA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA 21-1, ferritin, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, H-K-N-ras mutations and p53 mutation seem to be the most prolific in NSCLC, while NSE, BN/GRP, CK-BB, NCAM, IL-2R, IGF-I, transferrin, ANP, mAb (cluster 5), Le-y and c-N-L-myc mutation are markers in SCLC patients. Some of these serum markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure to allow change of the regimen. The study of these markers also may lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of lung cancer. The information derived from these biological studies represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies, as well as attempts at secondary prevention.
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PMID:Clinical tumour markers in lung cancer. 753 17

We have used immunocytochemistry to identify tumor cells in bone-marrow aspirates of 40 untreated patients with small cell lung cancer and we compared the results with conventional histomorphology. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) used were NCC-LU-243 and NCC-LU-246 (both cluster 1). For each MAb 76 slides were evaluated. Sixty bone-marrow biopsies were also obtained from these patients. The positivity rate between the 2 MAbs was not statistically different (46% for NCC-LU-246 and 43% for NCC-LU-243). Bone-marrow biopsies detected tumor localization in 8/60 specimens (13%), significantly less than immunocytochemistry with anti-NCAM MAbs (p = 0.003). Moreover, bone-marrow aspirates were positive for cluster 1 antigen in 6/16 patients with limited disease at diagnosis. The results confirm that NCC-LU-243 and NCC-LU-246 have equivalent ability to identify bone-marrow involvement; immunocytochemistry appears to be better suited for this purpose than conventional bone-marrow biopsy; a non-negligible proportion of patients with "limited disease" might be understaged; the clinical value of detecting bone marrow involvement by immunocytochemistry is still unclear.
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PMID:[The use of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the diagnosis of bone marrow localization of small cell lung cancer]. 793 64

The presence of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is indicative for a poor prognosis in lung-cancer patients. Using MAb 735, we have investigated the expression of polysialic acid, PSA, on NCAM in a spectrum of neuro-endocrine lung tumors, ranging from the slowly growing typical carcinoids via the atypical carcinoids with clinically unpredictable behavior to the highly aggressive small-cell lung carcinomas. Our immunohistochemical findings indicate a significant association between the presence of PSA on the tumor cells and an aggressive and immature sub-type of the tumor. This might be related to impairment of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by the presence of PSA, as we demonstrated in vitro, since detachment is one of the first steps in the metastatic process. The NCAM-MAb 123C3 used in these studies appeared extremely useful in immunoscintigraphy and immunotherapy of SCLC xenografts in nude mice, and for immunoscintigraphy of a SCLC patient. This may be explained by internalization of the 123C3 antibody, which we demonstrated in vitro. 123C3 is the only Cluster-I SCLC MAb studied thus far that becomes internalized.
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PMID:NCAM and lung cancer. 819 95


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