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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), 108 non-SCLCs (67 adenocarcinomas, 29 squamous cell carcinomas and 12 large cell carcinomas) were immunohistochemically examined for expressions of cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM and chromogranin A with monoclonal antibodies NCC-Lu-243 and anti-chromogranin A. The cell membranes of all the SCLCs and three of the 67 adenocarcinomas (4.5%) were stained for cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM. Eight of the 18 SCLCs (44.4%), and three of the 67 adenocarcinomas (4.5%) were stained for chromogranin A, but no squamous cell carcinoma or large cell carcinoma was stained for both antigens. Two of the three adenocarcinomas which expressed cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM had been suspected of being either SCLC or poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma cytologically, and were resected after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histologically, they were poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with rosette-like tubules. The remaining one was moderately-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma resembling bronchial surface epithelial cells without mucin (BSE type adenocarcinoma). The three adenocarcinomas which expressed chromogranin A were well- to moderately-differentiated BSE type adenocarcinomas, and stained tumor cells were distributed sparsely as neuroendocrine cells in the normal bronchial mucosa. One of them also expressed cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM. In the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of NCC-Lu-243 in the immunohistochemical detection of adenocarcinomas with neuroendocrine features.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of cluster 1 small cell lung cancer antigen and chromogranin A in lung carcinomas. 131 1

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines usually grow as floating aggregates, in contrast to the adherent monolayers formed by non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Induction of an adherent phenotype by a variety of methods has been the subject of a number of recent publications. In this study, cultivation of the classic SCLC cell line, NCI-H69, on a substratum provided by the pretreatment of tissue culture dishes with medium conditioned by the growth of a well differentiated squamous carcinoma cell line, HN5, induced an adherent phenotype with a variety of epithelioid morphologies, commencing within 24 hr of plating. From such cultures an adherent subline, H69A, has been established, which differs in its growth, morphological characteristics, and immunocytochemical marker expression from the parent NCI-H69 cells, and in its marker expression from other adherent SCLC cell lines. H69A retained expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the neuroendocrine markers neuron specific enoclase, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin, but showed diminished expression of the epithelial cell surface markers AUA1, Ber-EP4, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and desmosomal protein. Compared to NCI-H69 cells, the amounts of cytokeratin 18 detected were elevated, while those of cytokeratin 19 were diminished in H69A cells. Focal expression of cytokeratin 4 was found in some H69A cells, indicative of a capacity for partial squamous differentiation. The expression of the cell surface glycoproteins detected by AUA1 and Ber-EP4 was reduced throughout cultivation of the H69A subline, while that of EMA and desmosomal protein was further diminished with continued passage. Changes in the expression of these markers and NCAM were evident in NCI-H69 cells grown on an HN5-derived substratum.
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PMID:Expression of neuroendocrine and epithelial markers in an adherent subline derived from a classic small cell lung cancer cell line. 133 94

The present study examines the relationship between neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and the clinical behaviour of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Retrospective (n = 315) and prospective (n = 44) cohorts of non-small cell tumours were obtained from surgically treated cases of lung cancer, comprising 218 squamous cell carcinomas, 65 adenocarcinomas, 51 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 25 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas. Paraffin wax embedded and fresh frozen tissue sections were stained for the NE markers neurone specific enolase, creatine kinase-BB, bombesin, neurotensin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and UJ-13A. The expression of two or more markers was observed in 30% of cases, and was taken to identify NE-NSCLC. A statistically significant correlation between nodal status and NE differentiation (P = 0.05), and disease stage and NE differentiation (P = 0.04) was observed. However, there was no correlation between NE differentiation and survival. These findings suggest that NE-NSCLC, analogous to SCLC is more highly metastatic than non-NE-NSCLC.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation and clinical behaviour in non-small cell lung tumours. 165 75

Despite disappointing results in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), major progress in our understanding of SCLC biology has occurred in the past decade. Advances in the technique for culturing SCLC tumours in vitro have greatly facilitated the study of the biological properties of this tumour. The major progress in our understanding of SCLC includes: 1) the availability of nonspecific biological tumour markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the BB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CPKBB), bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and chromogranin A; 2) the generation of monoclonal antibodies raised against the neural and epithelial features of SCLC tumours; 3) the identification of several autocrine growth factors such as bombesin/GRP, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), transferrin and physalaemin; 4) the close study of cytogenetic abnormalities leading to the discovery of a unique chromosomal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (del 3p 14-21), and to changes in oncogenic expression, e.g. c-myc, L-myc and N-myc, accounting for known biological and treatment results. These data suggest that all lung cancers arise from a common stem cell of endodermal origin. The information derived from these biological studies represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies in SCLC.
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PMID:Biology of small cell lung cancer: an overview. 216 19

Synaptophysin is a Mr 38,000 integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by a variety of normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. We studied synaptophysin as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in lung cancer and compared it to the immunocytochemical expression of chromogranin A, a marker for dense core (endocrine) granules, and the biochemical activity of L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), the key amine-handling enzyme. Of the 250 cell lines available to us, we selected examples representative of the following cell types: bronchial carcinoids (n = 4), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (n = 7), extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (n = 4), and non-small cell lung cancers (n = 18) whose neuroendocrine status had been previously determined on the basis of electron microscopy and DDC activity. We demonstrated (a) there was a higher incidence of synaptophysin than chromogranin A immunoreactivity in carcinoid (100 versus 75%), classic SCLC (70 versus 50%), and variant SCLC (57 versus 29%) cell lines; (b) 3 of the 4 (75%) extrapulmonary small cell lung cancer cell lines expressed synaptophysin and chromogranin A; (c) 5 of the 7 (71%) non-small cell lung cancer cell lines previously shown to express multiple neuroendocrine markers were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and DDC activity; (d) none of the other 11 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines expressed synaptophysin or chromogranin A; and (e) formalin fixation and paraffin embedding reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity in 11 of 14 (79%) of the cell lines, as compared to freshly prepared specimens fixed in 95% ethanol. Western blot analysis using the synaptophysin antibody (SY38) demonstrated immunoreactive proteins ranging from Mr 43,000 to 45,000 in five representative cell lines. The concordance of expression of all three neuroendocrine markers was statistically significant when values for all cell lines were totalled. Synaptophysin was a more commonly expressed marker for variant SCLC cell lines, which rarely showed DDC activity. We conclude that synaptophysin may be a more sensitive and specific marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, when compared to chromogranin A and DDC in lung cancer cell lines which express only part of the neuroendocrine program.
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PMID:A comparison of synaptophysin, chromogranin, and L-dopa decarboxylase as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation in lung cancer cell lines. 216 88

Chromogranins A, B, and C, proteins that are co-stored and co-released with peptides and amines, have been identified in a variety of neuroendocrine tissues, both normal and neoplastic. We examined the secretion of chromogranin A and chromogranin A + B by hormone-producing tumours in patients with endocrine pancreatic tumours, carcinoid tumours, pheochromocytomas, and small cell lung cancer. The radioimmunoassay determining the plasma concentrations of chromogranin A + B showed a greater sensitivity than that determining chromogranin A alone. All patients with endocrine pancreatic tumours, carcinoids, and pheochromocytomas had increased levels of chromogranin A + B, whereas a small number of the patients (5/18 with endocrine pancreatic tumours and 1/3 with pheochromocytomas) had normal levels of chromogranin A. Also in immunocytochemical stainings, our polyclonal antiserum detecting both chromogranin A and B showed a greater sensitivity than other available antisera against chromogranin A, B and C. We have demonstrated that a polyclonal antiserum against a mixture of chromogranin A and B might be a more sensitive marker than chromogranin A alone for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumours. This is not surprising, since both chromogranins are widely distributed in neuroendocrine cells.
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PMID:A polyclonal antiserum against chromogranin A and B--a new sensitive marker for neuroendocrine tumours. 231 6

Chromogranins A, B and C, proteins that are costored and coreleased with peptides and amines, have been identified in a variety of endocrine and nervous tissues, both normal and neoplastic. We examined the secretion of chromogranin A and chromogranin A + B by hormone-producing tumors in patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPT), carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the plasma/serum concentrations of chromogranin A + B showed a greater sensitivity than RIA of chromogranin A alone. All patients with EPT, carcinoids and pheochromocytomas had increased levels of chromogranin A + B, whereas a small number of the patients (5/18 with EPT and 1/3 with pheochromocytomas) had normal levels of chromogranin A. Also in immunocytochemical stainings, our polyclonal antiserum detecting both chromogranin A and B showed a greater sensitivity than other available antisera against chromogranin A, B and C.
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PMID:Chromogranins--new sensitive markers for neuroendocrine tumors. 254 31

Small cell lung cancers are neuroendocrine tumours and therefore produce a lot of peptide hormones (calcitonin, ACTH, ADH), as well as the neuropeptide chromogranin A, which are all useful tumour markers. Furthermore, the tumour-associated antigens CEA and TPA, as well as the enzymes neuron specific enolase (NSE) and creatine kinase BB are used as markers in small cell lung cancer. At present, NSE appears to be the best marker for small cell lung cancer; elevated serum NSE levels are found in 65 to 85% of the patients. The serum level of the tumour markers is related to the stage of the tumour. When tumour regression occurs following therapy, elevated pretreatment levels decrease to the normal range. If the marker level increases again, tumour progression is indicated and this can be an early and sensitive sign denoting recurrence. Metastases in the central nervous system can be detected early by marker determination in the cerebrospinal fluid. At present, CEA appears to be the most valuable tumour marker for non-small cell lung cancer, but TPA may also be a useful marker.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in bronchus cancer]. 254 31

Human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is in vivo and in vitro characterized by a heterogeneous spectrum of neuroendocrine markers. The non-SCLC group is deprived of these markers, or expresses them in low quantities. In this paper we report on the release to the culture medium of neuroendocrine associated proteins, chromogranin A and B like activity (CABLA). The culture medium from three out of five SCLC cell lines and in one/five non-SCLC cell line contained significant levels of CABLA. Normal diploid foreskin fibroblasts and a histiocytic lymphoma cell line were deprived of CABLA production. The presence of CABLA in both SCLC and non-SCLC further stress their common histogenetic origin. The CABLA values were partly unrelated to other neuroendocrine markers. Determinations of CABLA could thus be a potential and valuable marker for a subset of SCLC.
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PMID:The release of chromogranin A and B like activity from human lung cancer cell lines. A potential marker for a subset of small cell lung cancer. 255 68

Bronchial carcinoids and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are currently recognized as neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms. However, non-SCLC (NSCLC) may also express NE properties. Paraffin-embedded sections of a comprehensive panel of 113 lung carcinomas were analyzed for the expression of three general markers common to all NE cells, namely, chromogranin A, Leu-7 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), five specific NE secretory products, and four other tumor markers by immunohistochemistry using the sensitive avidin-biotinylated peroxidase technique. The authors were able to demonstrate the following: (1) most, but not all carcinoids and SCLCs expressed multiple NE markers in a high percentage of tumor cells; (2) up to a half of NSCLC cases contained small subpopulations of cells expressing NE in a high percentage of tumor cells; (2) up to half of NSCLC cases contained small subpopulations of cells expressing NE markers; and (3) occasional NSCLCs showed staining patterns indistinguishable from SCLC. Specifically, 7 of 77 NSCLCs expressed four or more NE markers. NE markers in NSCLCs were more commonly expressed in adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas and rarely in squamous cell carcinomas. For comparison, the mean number of NE markers expressed by all cases of NSCLC was 1.5, carcinoids 6.0, and SCLCs 3.8. Individual "marker counts" were not useful in categorizing lung tumors as carcinoids and SCLC versus NSCLC. Instead, 95% of the tumors were correctly classified, applying a statistical model created from staining indices of the three general NE markers (chromogranin A, Leu-7, NSE) and three other tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, keratin, vimentin). Because NSCLCs with NE features might have different clinical characteristics than other NSCLCs, immunohistochemistry provides an effective manner to identify this biologically interesting subset of NSCLCs in routine paraffin sections.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in endocrine and nonendocrine lung carcinomas. 284 8


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