Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects of Cepharanthin (CEP) on bone marrow suppression induced by chemotherapy in 18 primary lung cancer patients (14 NSCLC, 4 SCLC). NSCLC patients received IP (IFM+CDDP) therapy and SCLC patients received ION (IFM+VCR+ACNU) therapy. For the control, we chose the first course and we administered CEP (1 mg/kg) during the second course. The rate of leukopenia and neutropenia was significantly lower during the CEP course than during the control (p less than 0.01). The recovery rate (at 3 weeks) of leukopenia and neutropenia was significantly higher during the CEP course than during the control (p less than 0.05). But, obvious effects of CEP for lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were not obtained. Side effects by CEP were not observed in this study. These data suggest that the large dose of CEP contributes to the prevention of leukopenia, especially neutropenia, in patients who receive a sufficient amount of anticancer drugs.
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PMID:[Effects of cepharanthin on leukopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy in lung cancer patients]. 131 1

Sixty-two patients with small cell lung cancer, 36-80 years of age, who were receiving chemotherapy during a maximum of one year, were consecutively included in a study of quality of life during treatment. An interim version (C-36) of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) was applied for quality of life assessment prior to treatment and every third month during the treatment period. The assessments were related to clinical variables (performance status and tumour response), and compared with results from assessment with the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). The QLQ was sensitive to differences in clinical status and responded to clinical change over time. In general, the pattern of correlations with SIP lends support to the construct validity of the QLQ. However, some questions arose from the comparison with SIP: QLQ emotional functioning did not change in concordance with SIP, and assessment of social functioning was not optimal prior to treatment. The questionnaire was well accepted by the patients. The EORTC QLQ C-36 constitutes a promising step in the development of a feasible standard instrument for quality of life assessment in cancer clinical trials.
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PMID:Quality of life during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. II. A longitudinal study of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and comparison with the Sickness Impact Profile. 131 70

Morphologic as well as biologic properties of small cell lung cancer change under chemotherapy toward a non-small cell and well-differentiated neuroendocrine phenotype. These biologic changes may be partly responsible for the acquisition of drug resistance. With the lack of significant advances with currently available chemotherapy, the development of new treatment strategies has become a major focus of research. Among others, these could include the use of antibodies to small cell lung cancer antigens. Several antigens associated with small cell lung cancer have now been biochemically and molecularly defined in the International Workshop of Small Cell Lung Cancer Antigens. In vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the selective cytotoxic effect of immunoconjugates with radionuclides and plant toxins. Since recent clinical studies suggested a survival advantage for the use of radiotherapy in limited disease small cell lung cancer, anatomical staging to exclude distant sites of metastasis is likely to continue in clinical practice. Studies with a focus on cost-effective ways of anatomic staging are therefore of great importance. Continued efforts are under way to analyze pretreatment prognostic factors. The likely association of female gender with good prognosis and the in vitro data on stimulation of proliferation of small cell lung cancer cells by androgens may lead to the investigation of new therapeutic approaches based on endocrine manipulation.
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PMID:Morphology, surface antigens, staging, and prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer. 131 19

This review addresses means for improving treatment results in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. In small cell lung cancer lactate dehydrogenase and neuron-specific enolase seem to be important prognostic factors that may reflect not only tumor load but also growth rate. Chemotherapy seems to induce or select differentiated cells in small cell lung cancer, which focuses attention on other treatment modalities such as drugs, which can induce terminally differentiated nonproliferating cells. Scheduling of chemotherapy may improve survival, especially in extensive disease patients. Exciting new techniques for tumor targeting by a radiolabelled somatostatin-analogue and radiolabelled murine anti-epidermal growth factor are reported. The possible adverse effect of heterologous blood transfusions on survival after surgery of stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer remains a very important subject for investigation to solve the essential question whether the need for transfusion or the transfusion itself is the adverse prognostic factor. A possible improvement of survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients by chemotherapy should be investigated in patients with an excellent performance score and a small tumor load, eg, stage IIIa and IIIb patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in such patients may improve survival but a better and especially more uniform design of the trials is urgently needed. Finally, the development of techniques to palliate terminally ill patients quickly and easily by reopening a closed bronchial lumen should be encouraged.
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PMID:Therapy for small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. 131 20

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression was evaluated in a panel of 21 small cell lung cancer cell lines with radioreceptor assay, affinity labeling, and Northern blotting. We found high-affinity receptors to be expressed in 10 cell lines. Scatchard analysis of the binding data demonstrated that the cells bound between 3 and 52 fmol/mg protein with a KD ranging from 0.5 x 10(-10) to 2.7 x 10(-10) M. EGF binding to the receptor was confirmed by affinity-labeling EGF to the EGF receptor. The cross-linked complex had a M(r) of 170,000-180,000. Northern blotting showed the expression of EGF receptor mRNA in all 10 cell lines that were found to be EGF receptor-positive and in one cell line that was found to be EGF receptor-negative in the radioreceptor assay and affinity labeling. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that a large proportion of a broad panel of small cell lung cancer cell lines express the EGF receptor.
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PMID:Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human small cell lung cancer cell lines. 131 57

We diagnosed 627 cases of SCLC from 1971 to 1985 in VGH-Taipei. Sixty-nine cases received no treatment, while 558 cases received treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical intervention or combined modality. The median survival time of the treated group and untreated group was 6 and 1 months respectively (p less than 0.001). Female sex was a positive prognostic factor (p less than 0.05) and median survival time of female and male were 7 and 5 months respectively. Age (older or younger than 65 y/o) was not a significant prognostic factor in our series (p = 0.13). Thirteen cases (2.33%) of patients in the treated group survived longer than 5 years. Among them, 11 cases were limited disease and 2 cases were extensive disease. The characteristics of these 13 patients were analysed to find them in relatively good performance status, less body weight loss, less biochemical abnormality and more limited disease. In them, no secondary tumor was noted during the follow-up period.
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PMID:[Small cell lung cancer and long-term survival: our experience in VGH-Taipei from 1971 to 1985]. 131 52

The two-year survival rate of patients with small cell lung cancer is less than 10%. The major reason for this poor outcome is the development of drug resistance. Panels of small cell lung cancer cell lines have been established, providing models for the study of drug resistance in this tumour. One such model is the doxorubicin-selected H69AR cell line. H69AR displays the typical multidrug resistance phenotype in that it is cross-resistant to anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine) and epipodophyllotoxins (e.g., VP-16). However, H69AR cells do not overexpress P-glycoprotein, the membrane drug efflux pump frequently found on multidrug resistant cells. Some alterations in glutathione levels and associated enzyme activities were found but the data do not support the notion that enhanced drug detoxication is involved in H69AR cell resistance. Fewer drug-induced DNA strand breaks, reduced levels of topoisomerase II, and reduced formation of drug-stabilized DNA/topoisomerase II complexes were observed in H69AR cells. These data implicate topoisomerase II in the resistance phenotype of H69AR cells, but cannot explain H69AR cell resistance to the Vinca alkaloids, which do not have topoisomerase II as a target. Monoclonal antibodies against antigens overexpressed on H69AR cells have been derived and four have been characterized. Immunoscreening of an H69AR cDNA expression library has allowed the identification of one of these antigens as p36 (annexin II), a Ca2+/phospholipid binding protein. Chemosensitizers and novel xenobiotics have been examined for their ability to circumvent the drug resistance of H69AR cells. The limited success of these investigations suggests that innovative approaches may be required. In conclusion, the data obtained with H69AR and other models of small cell lung cancer indicate that multiple mechanisms contribute to drug resistance in this disease.
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PMID:The 1991 Merck Frosst Award. Multidrug resistance in small cell lung cancer. 131 57

In order to assess the progress and limitation of chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer in the elderly, we analyzed 218 patients who had entered into protocol studies between 1982 and 1990. Among those, there were 101 elderly patients (age of greater than or equal to 66 years) and 117 non-elderly patients (age of less than or equal to 65 years). Response to chemotherapy with or without chest irradiation was almost comparable for the elderly and the non-elderly; complete response rate was 52% for limited disease (LD) and 33% for extensive disease (ED) in the elderly, and it was 68% for LD and 23% for ED in the non-elderly. Survival figures of the two groups were quite similar: The median survival time was 12.6 months for the elderly and 14.5 months for the non-elderly, and the 3-year survival rate was 14% for both groups. An improvement of patient survival was observed along with the chronology of the protocols, i.e., with a escalation of dose intensity. Of interest, the improvement was rather evident in the elderly than in the non-elderly. Hematologic toxicity was considerable more frequent and severe in the elderly than in the non-elderly with non-significant statistics. The incidense of fever episodes while neutropenic was significantly more frequent in the elderly. Non-hematologic toxicity was almost comparable for the two groups, with a exception that the elderly showed a trend being predisposed to renal toxicity. In conclusion, such elderly patients as eligible for entry into a protocol study can benefit from intensive treatment as equally as non-elderly patients can.
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PMID:[Treatment of small cell lung cancer in the elderly: the progress and limitation of chemotherapy]. 131 33

In this study, the clinical significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in small cell lung cancer patients was investigated. The relationship between serum CEA level before treatment and the effect of chemotherapy was analyzed. In 97 evaluable patients with small cell lung cancer, the 26 who had elevated CEA values of 10.0 ng/ml or greater at diagnosis tended to be resistant to intravenous systemic chemotherapy. In patients with limited disease (LD), survival time of 13 patients whose CEA levels were 10.0 ng/ml or greater was shorter than that of the other LD patients. These findings suggest that small cell lung cancer patients with high serum CEA levels are less responsive to standard chemotherapy, and serum CEA level may be able to identify biologically different tumors from common small cell cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in small cell lung cancer patients]. 131 35

A 67-year-old male was admitted for detailed investigation of an abnormal chest roentgenogram showing a tumor shadow about 3 cm in diameter in the left S1+2. The shadow was surrounded by minute granular and striate shadows. Small cell carcinoma of the lung was diagnosed and chemotherapy was commenced, but without effect. Hypercalcemia and superior vena caval syndrome followed. Autopsy indicated highly specific calcinosis present in the left upper lobe peripheral to the primary disease. This calcinosis was observed subepithelially in bronchi and bronchioles, in the tunica intima of the veins, and in the alveolar septa. It could not be detected in the tumor or arterial or lymphatic systems. The calcinosis had been present prior to the development of hypercalcemia, and the density of the calcinosis was greatest close to the tumor, gradually decreasing with increased distance from the tumor. The calcinosis appeared to have been caused by some substance, and to have been accelerated by venous congestion, resulting in its unique distribution.
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PMID:[A case of lung cancer with specific calcification]. 131 36


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