Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of combined high-dose etoposide with standard dose cisplatin was evaluated in patients who had refractory lung cancer after standard chemotherapy. Each patient was given etoposide at 500 mg/m2/day on day 1 to 3 continuously (total dose 1,500 mg/m2) and cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 on day 1. Fifteen patients (7 adenocarcinoma, 5 small cell lung cancer, 2 squamous cell lung cancer and 1 sarcoma, which latter was difficult to distinguish from giant cell carcinoma) were entered in this study. The overall response was 41.7% (5 of 12); five partial response, 6 no change, and 1 progressive disease. Three treatment-related deaths were observed; one resulted from sepsis and two from respiratory failure because of tumor progression. All of the patients developed severe myelosuppression; the mean nadir white blood cell count was 400, and the mean nadir platelet count was 24,000 in 28 evaluable courses. The range of maximum concentration of etoposide determined by HPLC was from 17.4 to 39.1 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that high-dose etoposide combined with a standard dose of cisplatin is effective against refractory lung cancer.
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PMID:[Pilot phase II trial of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin in the treatment of refractory lung cancer]. 131 97

The aim of this study was to investigate anti-elastin antibodies of the IgG and IgM types in sera of patients suffering from lung cancer, using the DOT immunobinding assay. We studied 96 pathological and 40 control sera. Anti-elastin antibodies were found to be present in 45% of patients with small cell lung cancer, 19% of subjects with adenocarcinoma and not-identified lung tumor and 15% of patients with squamous cell lung cancer. They circulated in 5% of control persons only. The highest values of their titers were observed in the advanced stages of disease. In 55% of anti-elastin antibody positive small cell lung cancer patients, antibodies were of the IgM type, suggesting the initial step of the autoimmunization to elastin.
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PMID:Anti-elastin antibodies in patients with lung cancer. 133 26

The aim of this clinically controlled trial was to assess the effect of different smoking patterns on development of different histological types of lung cancer. The study group consisted of 1,432 subjects that died due to lung cancer in the years 1980-1987. 627 of these had the histological type of the cancer determined; 54% had squamous cell cancer, 24% small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 17% adenocarcinoma. The control group consisted of 1,343 subjects that died due to other causes. Medical and social history was taken from the families of the deceased. The results of the analysis demonstrate that lung cancer development is related to smoking although differences were seen in the different types of cancer. The calculated risk of a smoker developing lung cancer-squamous cell and SCLC was respectively 15.4 and 13.5 while for adenocarcinoma it was much lower--3.1. Important differences were seen in ex-smokers developing squamous cell lung cancer and SCLC. The risk of developing squamous cell lung cancer and SCLC in this group was 89% and 88%, and adenocarcinoma only 64%. This suggests that adenocarcinoma is related more to environmental factors than the other two types of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Effect of smoking on the development of various histological types of lung cancer]. 133 52

Numerous case reports have shown the advantage of using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in cytologic diagnosis of primary and secondary malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of BAL in the diagnosis of peripheral, primary lung cancer. Of 1,864 patients referred to the Bronchological Department for endoscopic examination, 145 patients were studied: six with large cell lung cancer, 22 with adenocarcinoma, 15 with alveolar cell lung cancer, 40 with small cell lung cancer, and 62 with squamous cell lung cancer. In 94 patients (64.8 percent), BAL was diagnostic, revealing malignant cells. In 52 (35.9 percent) of these patients, the cytologic diagnosis agreed with the final pathologic diagnosis of the resected tumor. The result of BAL was affected by the type of cancer and size of the tumor. Highest yields were seen in adenocarcinoma (59.2 percent) and alveolar cell lung cancer (80 percent). The average size of the tumor in the group with correct cell typing was 4.9 +/- 1.8 cm; in patients with nondiagnostic BAL, the average size was 2.6 +/- 1.2 cm. BAL provided the highest (statistically significant, p less than 0.05) diagnostic yield (64.8 percent) in comparison with other sampling techniques: brush biopsy (29.8 percent), catheter biopsy (26.8 percent), and forceps biopsy (32.7 percent). The diagnostic yield of BAL and transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy (58.3 percent) did not significantly differ. BAL proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting peripheral, primary, pulmonary malignant neoplasms.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of peripheral, primary lung cancer. 164 8

Two cases of downhill esophageal varices associated with superior vena cava syndrome due to lung cancer are reported. Case 1 was a 68-year-old male with swelling of the upper right half his body. Chest X-ray film showed a mass shadow in the upper right lung field. Small cell lung cancer completely obstructed the superior vena cava. Esophagoscopy showed four striated downhill esophageal varices (F1, CB, RC(-]. After treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, he had a partial response and the varices disappeared. Case 2 was a 55-year-old male with productive cough. The superior vena cava was narrowed by squamous cell lung cancer, with good collateral pathways. Three striated downhill varices (F1, CW, RC(-] were present. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy resulted in partial response, but the number of striated varices increased to four and CB, and extended downward. Left jugular venography revealed collateral veins to the esophagus, although bilateral brachial venography revealed no collaterals. Dynamic CT with bolus injection of contrast medium via the left jugular vein demonstrated esophageal varices. There are few reports on the blood flow of downhill esophageal varices.
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PMID:[Two cases of downhill esophageal varices associated with superior vena cava syndrome due to lung cancer]. 166 80

Serum LSA and CEA levels were measured in 86 patients with lung cancer, 56 patients with benign pulmonary diseases and 127 normal subjects. The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy rate of LSA for lung cancer (82.4%) was higher than that of CEA (67.6%). LSA was more useful than CEA for diagnosis and differantial diagnosis of lung cancer. CEA was more sensitive to adenocarcinoma of the lung. While LSA was sensitive to small cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer as well. LSA levels and positive rate were related to the stages of lung cancer. LSA was more helpful than CEA for evaluating the status of disease and staging patients. The changes of LSA levels in 33 patients with lung cancer were related to the results of chemotherapy. LSA was superior to CEA for monitoring therapy. Combinative determination of both two markers was better than that of single marker.
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PMID:[Comparative study of serum lipid-bound sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with lung cancer]. 216 67

Molecular and cell biologic studies of a large number of lung cancer cell lines of all histologic types have revealed several mechanisms active in the pathogenesis of these cells. Small cell lung cancer (also called "oat cell" lung cancer) has a deletion involving chromosome region 3p(14-23) that is confirmed by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis (studies done in collaboration with Dr. Susan Naylor). Several lung cancers of both small cell and non-small cell type (including adeno- and squamous cell lung cancer) express the proto-oncogenes c-, N-, or L-myc, and in some cases more than one of these family members. N-myc appears restricted in its expression to the small cell lung cancer type while c-myc and L-myc can be expressed in both small cell and non-small cell lung cancers. Many lung cancers of all histologic types also express large amounts of p53, which are not correlated with the amount or type of myc gene product expressed. In small cell lung cancer, high levels of myc gene expression are usually associated with gene amplification, and not uncommonly there is rearrangement of some of the amplified copies. In non-small cell lung cancer, expression without amplification or rearrangement of myc genes is seen. In contrast, high level expression of p53 is not associated with gene amplification in any lung cancer type. In addition, to these proto-oncogenes acting at a presumed nuclear locus, there is increased expression of various ras family members and the c-raf-1 proto-oncogene (in collaboration with Dr. Ulf Rapp). Lung cancer cells in tissue culture can grow in medium without serum and few or no other growth factors added. Thus, it appears that lung cancer cells can produce their own growth factors which can act in an "autocrine" fashion. The best characterized example of this is gastrin releasing peptide (GRP, also called bombesin) produced by small cell lung cancer. In at least some small cell lung cancers, interference with GRP action by specific monoclonal antibodies results in inhibition of tumor cell growth in culture and in nude mouse xenografts. Thus, constitutively expressed GRP gene may function as a cellular oncogene under certain circumstances in small cell lung cancer. Based on these observations we are proposing to test monoclonal anti-GRP antibodies in patients.
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PMID:Chromosomal deletion, gene amplification, alternative processing, and autocrine growth factor production in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. 333 4

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the specificity of antitumor immunity to human lung cancer, measured by an in vitro assay--tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI). We standardized and monitored the putative tumor antigen activity of the extracts by testing leukocytes from controls and patients with lung cancer in the Montreal General Hospital. A specific antitumor response to a lung cancer antigen was detected with coded leukocytes from 56% (20 out of 36) of patients with epidermoid lung cancer. By contrast, 4% (2 out of 53) of patients with inflammatory lung disease and none of 46 other patients with cancer metastatic to the lung or with other diagnoses had an LAI-positive result. The LAI response was inversely related to the extent of cancer: 80% (8 of 10) with Stage I, 66% (2 of 3) with Stage II, 54% (6 of 11) with localized Stage III, and 33% (4 of 12) with widespread Stage III were LAI positive. Leukocytes from patients with epidermoid, adenocarcinoma, or small cell lung cancer reacted to a common tumor antigen shared by extracts of epidermoid and small cell lung cancer. This study with coded samples from a remote hospital confirms the results of other investigators that the LAI measures an antitumor immune response to human organ-specific neoantigens.
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PMID:A coded study of antitumor immunity to human lung cancer assayed by tube leukocyte adherence inhibition. 626 45

We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracenedione derivative, Mitoxantrone. The object was to determine if the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early Phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 267 patients were placed in culture (20 different histological tumor types). One hundred seventy tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. Excellent in vitro antitumor activity was noted for Mitoxantrone against human adenocarcinoma of the lung, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and biliary tree cancer. Good antitumor activity was noted against breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, gastric cancer, and hepatomas. The drug showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that Mitoxantrone has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of Phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of a new compound.
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PMID:Activity of mitoxantrone in a human tumor cloning system. 721 52

We evaluated the newly produced tumor marker assay kit, "Ball ELSA CYFRA21-1", which detects cytokeratin 19 fragment in the sera of patients with malignancies, especially lung cancers. The assay procedure is simple based on the one-step radioimmunometric assay method. The measured values depend somewhat on incubation temperature and time. Reproducibility and recovery were good. The minimum measurable level was 1 ng/ml. The dilution test was satisfactory. The CYFRA21-1 levels were gradually decreased by repeated freezing and thawing and after seven such exercises its activity dropped to about 70% of that of first assay. The presence of CYFRA21-1 antigen was strongly correlated with TPA antigen and, although some discrepancies could be observed in clinical samples, CYFRA21-1 activity was completely absorbed by anti-TPA antibody-coated beads in one sample. CYFRA21-1 levels of 44 normal controls were below 1.0 ng/ml. Assuming a cut-off value of 2.0 mg/ml, 32.7% of all cases with benign disease had values greater than 2.0 ng/ml. This fell to 21.4% on exclusion of cases of interstitial pulmonary disease. Those with malignant diseases had high CYFRA21-1 levels whether associated with lung cancer or not. The most high positive ratios were observed in squamous cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and uterine cervical cancer. In conclusion, CYFRA21-1 may be a good tumor marker comparable to TPA not only for lung cancer but also other malignancies as well. High false positives for lung cancer, however, were observed in other pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:[The evaluation of the newly produced assay kit for the cytokeratin fragment, "ball ELSA CYFRA21-1"]. 750 86


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