Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149925 (small cell lung cancer)
 6,491 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a feature of approximately 7% of cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The elaboration of peptide hormones by this tumour is well recognised and cerebral oedema resulting from inappropriate ADH secretion may be a life-threatening complication of this illness, requiring prompt intervention. We report a patient with SCLC who presented with SIADH which worsened abruptly each time he was treated with trifluoperazine for a co-existing psychosis.
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PMID:Potentiation of small cell lung cancer-related SIADH by trifluoperazine. 283 3

A 77-year-old man with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accompanied by polyneuropathy and SIADH is reported. The patient first developed peripheral hyperesthesia and muscle weakness 6 months before admission. He was diagnosed as having SCLC by sputum cytology and supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. On admission, chest radiography and CT scan revealed a mediastinal mass, and the conduction velocity in peripheral nerves was delayed. He was also found to have SIADH, on the basis of an extremely low level of serum Na (114 mEq/l) and osmotic pressure (251 mOsm/kg) but with normal urinary Na and osmotic pressure. In association with complete disappearance of the mediastinal mass after intensive chemotherapy, SIADH and polyneuropathy also improved remarkably. When SCLC relapsed in the abdominal lymph nodes 11 months after complete disappearance of the mediastinal mass, polyneuropathy and SIADH also reappeared. These results indicate that both SIADH and polyneuropathy comprised a paraneoplastic syndrome.
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PMID:[A case of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma accompanied by polyneuropathy and SIADH]. 839 Oct 94

We report a series of four patients in whom the onset of systemic cancer was heralded by dysautonomic symptoms and a neurological non-metastatic complication mediated by immunological and endocrine factors. The series includes: a patient with acute leukaemia and autonomic sensory-motor polyradiculoneuropathy, a patient affected by colon carcinoma and autonomic neuropathy and limbic encephalitis, a patient with lung cancer and autonomic neuropathy and hypercalcaemic encephalopathy, a patient with small cell lung cancer associated with autonomic neuropathy in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). We underline the prognostic importance and discuss the possible etiopathogenetic role of autonomic dysfunction, which is frequently associated with paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes of autoimmune and/or dysendocrine origin.
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PMID:Immunological and endocrinological abnormalities in paraneoplastic disorders with involvement of the autonomic nervous system. 924 63

62 years old patient was admitted to the hospital with weakness of lower extremities. Using laboratory examination, we found very severe hyponatrenaemia, hypochloraemia and hypotonia of blood plasma, because of SIADH. We searched for the cause of that syndrome and finally we found that the cause of that syndrome was small cell lung cancer with an expansion into the mediastinum and metastases into the skelet.
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PMID:[SIADH as only paraneoplastic cause of the small cell lung cancer]. 1852 96

Hyponatremia is often seen in SCLC, and is thought to be caused by the paraneoplastic syndrome SIADH. Variable results of the prognostic significance of low P-sodium (P-Na) have been reported. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic value of hyponatremia in SCLC. Data was obtained from files from 453 patients diagnosed with SCLC and treated at Odense University Hospital from 1995 to 2005 in which data on P-sodium was available. The standard chemotherapy was six cycles of carboplatin-etoposide. P-Na was <125 mEq/L in 47 patients (11%) and 126-135 mEq/L in 151 (33%), and 255 patients (56%) showed normal values. The median survival was 11.2 months in patients with normal P-Na, and 7.1 months in patients with subnormal values (p=0.0001). In a Cox multivariate analysis of the 402 patients treated with carboplatin-etoposide, hyponatremia was associated with poorer prognosis. Other independent prognostic factors included LDH, gender, age, performance status, stage, and low value of albumin. Treatment prior to year 2000 was of border line significance, while in-significant factors included hemoglobin level, WBC and alkaline phosphatase. In 61 patients with P-Na <130 mEq/L receiving two or more cycles of chemotherapy, only 15 of the 61 patients (25%) normalized the value of P-Na to 136 mEq/L or above at the time of the second cycle of chemotherapy. The patients who did not fully regain normal values of P-Na, had poorer survival compared with the patients who did in a univariate analysis (p=0.027), and in a Cox multivariate analysis. In conclusion, hyponatremia was a significant prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis and so was failure to normalize P-Na within the first two cycles of chemotherapy.
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PMID:The occurrence of hyponatremia in SCLC and the influence on prognosis: a retrospective study of 453 patients treated in a single institution in a 10-year period. 1953 64

Recent medical advances have improved the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes. These disorders arise from tumor secretion of hormones, peptides, or cytokines or from immune cross-reactivity between malignant and normal tissues. Paraneoplastic syndromes may affect diverse organ systems, most notably the endocrine, neurologic, dermatologic, rheumatologic, and hematologic systems. The most commonly associated malignancies include small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic tumors, and hematologic malignancies. In some instances, the timely diagnosis of these conditions may lead to detection of an otherwise clinically occult tumor at an early and highly treatable stage. Because paraneoplastic syndromes often cause considerable morbidity, effective treatment can improve patient quality of life, enhance the delivery of cancer therapy, and prolong survival. Treatments include addressing the underlying malignancy, immunosuppression (for neurologic, dermatologic, and rheumatologic paraneoplastic syndromes), and correction of electrolyte and hormonal derangements (for endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes). This review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes, with emphasis on those most frequently encountered clinically. Initial literature searches for this review were conducted using PubMed and the keyword paraneoplastic in conjunction with keywords such as malignancy, SIADH, and limbic encephalitis, depending on the particular topic. Date limitations typically were not used, but preference was given to recent articles when possible.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic syndromes: an approach to diagnosis and treatment. 2081 Jul 94

We report the case of a 54-year old man with slowly progressive symmetrical weakness of the proximal legs and atactic gait. The diagnostic work-up is reviewed. It revealed the diagnosis of a Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome(LEMS) and SIADH caused by a small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
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PMID:[There is something amiss]. 2338 55

Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients but also a well known poor prognostic factor in cancer patients. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is often misdiagnosed by oncologist because of difficulties in the interpretation of laboratory tests. Etiology is heterogeneous but the predominant cause is represented by the unbalance between excessive presence of water and serum sodium deficiency. Ectopic production of arginine vasopressin (AVP) develops more frequently in small cell lung cancer but it is not so rare in other malignancies. Neurological impairment may range from subclinical to life-threating symptoms depending by the rate of serum sodium deficiency. Appropriate diagnosis is essential to set a proper therapy. When hyponatremia is caused by SIADH, hypertonic saline infusion is indicated for acute presentation whereas fluid restriction is preferred in case of chronic asymptomatic evolution. Other options include vaptans, vasopressin receptor antagonists, targeted specifically for the correction of euvolemic hyponatremia. The aim of this brief report is to provide concise and specific informations for the management of SIADH in oncology clinical practice.
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PMID:Hyponatremia in cancer patients. 2590 38

Lung cancer, in particular small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is a very aggressive solid tumour with limited therapeutic options to date. The majority of patients present, at the time of diagnosis, with extensive disease patterns and reduced performance status. Hyponatraemia is a common finding in SCLC (25%) which can be assigned to a paraneoplastic syndrome termed syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) in 60% of cases. Hyponatraemia may cause significant and even dramatic neurocognitive deficits, if not treated in an effective manner. Palliative chemo- or radiotherapy is restricted to patients with good performance status and therapeutic adherence. Acute or persistent hyponatraemia may interfere with such treatment options and compromise outcome. This review integrates new diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines to improve the understanding how and when to treat hyponatraemia in thoracic oncology patients Integrating early palliative care in lung cancer patients has a significant impact on prognosis. Correcting hyponatraemia in a supportive and risk stratified fashion may help to improve both prognosis and quality of life and should be a standard in modern palliative care for patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Hyponatraemia--SIADH in lung cancer diagnostic and treatment algorithms. 2607 Jun 26

Association of SIADH with malignancy was first reported in 1957, when it was described in two patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. While the association with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is well known, that with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been rarely reported. We report a case of 70 year old male who was found to have hyponatremia secondary to SIADH. Radiological tests revealed right hilar lung mass with mediastinal adenopathy. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed non-small cell lung cancer of type squamous cell. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed metastatic lesions, thereby confirming diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer. Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in 10% of lung cancer cases and they represent a group of disorders related to secretion of functional polypeptides or hormones from tumor cells. SIADH is more commonly described in conjunction with small cell lung cancer but there are a few case reports describing it's occurrence after initiation of therapy for NSCLC such as radiation and chemotherapy. The mechanism for this phenomenon is not known. Unlike infectious causes, hyponatremia as initial presentation is an uncommon feature of malignancy-associated SIADH. In the lung cancer population, hyponatremia has been identified as a negative prognostic factor in hospitalized patients and those with advanced-stage disease. Malignancy should be a consideration in the diagnostic evaluation of SIADH, irrespective of the time of presentation.
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PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) as an initial presenting sign of non small cell lung cancer-case report and literature review. 2885 88


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