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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the transfusion risks to which patients are exposed are gradually understood, every effort is being made to find both a valid and safe alternative to homologous blood transfusions. Bearing this in mind, the most sensible solution appears to be the practice of a self-donor procedure with normovolemic hemodilution prior to elective surgery. However, even repeated bloodlettings do not modify the oxygen delivery to tissues since, with a reduction in the hemoglobin content of the circulating blood, there is a corresponding increase in oxygen availability. Since the reduction of circulating erythrocytes brings with it a reduction in blood viscosity, there is in turn an improvement in the microcirculation. The generally better tissue oxygenation, the reduction of the blood's viscosity and the increased circulatory perfusion all also favor a prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis. We have currently performed 72 surgical procedures for head and neck neoplasms that were undertaken at the Clinical ENT Division of Treviso Hospital precisely with the normovolemic hemodilution described above. The self-donor transfusion technique was adopted with the help of the hospital's transfusion service. We have analyzed the data relative to this method and have found that the normovolemic hemodilution represents the treatment of choice in surgery-induced stress, particularly since this approach allows a better tissue oxygenation.
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PMID:Normovolemic hemodilution in head and neck surgery. 259 47

The ENT and maxillo-facial reconstruction with free flaps has become a standard. The objective of the adjuvant treatments is to limit failures (approximately 6%) related to ischaemia/reperfusion. French surgical centres use specific protocols depending on the surgeon. They used antiplatelet agent, anticoagulants, normovolemic hamodilution and vasodilators. Many experimental studies are available. However, there is no clinical study to recommend the use of antiplatelet agents (combination with heparin increase the risk of pre- and postoperative bleeding), of normovolemic hemodilution (pulmonary oedema) and of vasodilators. After analysis of one of the only prospective study, we propose the use of heparin following a deep vein thrombosis preventive protocol. Due to the limited number of the patients and difficulty to have homogenous series, it is impossible to draw new recommendations, even if ischemic preconditioning techniques offer new research horizons.
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PMID:[Should adjuvant treatments (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, normovolaemic haemodilution and vasodilators) be used in cervicofacial and maxillofacial free flaps reconstructive surgery?]. 1547 38

Venous thromboembolic disease (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) is a frequent and dangerous complication of surgical procedures. Guidelines considering prophylaxis in patients who have a risk of this complication exist in most surgical specialties. In otolaryngology it is a rare illness but a lack of Polish literature and quite few world publications on this subject made the authors check through the literature referring to venous thromboembolic disease in otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery and indexed in the EMBASE and MEDLINE data bases up till 2003. Incidence of the disease, risk factors with regard to the kind of surgery and prophylaxis methods were presented, all with the aim of creating a kind of a guide useful in clinical practice in ENT.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery]. 1609 95

Cerebrovascular problems in childhood include diverse problems of vascular supply to the brain and occur with an overall frequency of from 5 to 8/100000 children/year. Signs and symptoms at manifestation are manifold. They depend not only on localization of the infarction but also on age at injury and specific risk factors. Acute arterial ischemic insult in neonates is oligosymptomatic (short-lasting seizures); hemiparesis is the most common symptom in children. Risk factors are multiple for both neonates and children, with more thromboembolic events in neonates and (infection-related) vasculopathies or cardiac problems in children. MRI (diffusion weighted) is the golden standard for diagnosis. In the absence of evidence for treatment in both groups, guidelines suggest use of platelet aggregation. There are some special indications for anticoagulation. Thrombolysis should be evaluated. Two-thirds of children and neonates face lifelong neurological and neuropsychological problems. Spinal artery ischemia presents with acute spinal symptoms, mostly paraplegia. Risk factors and prognosis are similar to cerebral insults. Sinus venous thromboses are significantly less common. Provoking factors in newborns are mainly neonatal problems, and in children infections, especially in the ENT region. For diagnosis the delta sign in CT is less sensitive than MR/MR venography. In the absence of any evidence, LMWH or heparinization for 3-6 months are recommended. Prognosis is better in children than in neonates. Deep vein thrombosis and/or young age worsen the outcome.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular disorders in childhood. 2362 11

We report the case of an 87-year-old woman who developed a thrombosis of her external jugular vein after sustaining a proximal humerus fracture managed nonoperatively with a collar and cuff. At review in fracture clinic she was found to have an enlarged external jugular vein which was subsequently found to be thrombosed. Her collar and cuff had been applied very tightly and it was felt by the ENT team to be the cause of the thrombosis of her external jugular vein. She was fully anticoagulated with warfarin after subsequently developing a deep vein thrombosis in the subclavian and axillary veins. She made a full recovery following anticoagulation. In this case, we review the potential causes of this rare and underdiagnosed condition, as well as the usual investigations and treatments. We also review the common complications of this fracture and the alternative treatment options available.
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PMID:Thrombosis of the external jugular vein: a rare complication of a proximal humerus fracture treated with collar and cuff immobilisation. 2524 2