Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our specific aim was to assess how thrombophilic exogenous estrogens interacted with heritable thrombophilias leading to non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and ischemic stroke. Coagulation measures were performed in a 74 year old patient and her immediate family. The proband had a 47 year history of 9 previous thrombotic episodes, and developed unilateral NAION 4 years after starting estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The proband was heterozygous for two thrombophilic gene mutations (G20210A prothrombin gene, platelet glycoprotein IIIa P1A1/A2 polymorphism), and homozygous for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Of 238 normal controls, none had these 3 gene mutations together. The proband's mother and brother had deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The proband's brother, sister, nephew, daughter, and two granddaughters were homozygous for the C677T MTHFR mutation. The proband's brother was heterozygous for the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation. The proband's niece was heterozygous for the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation, homozygous for the C677T MTHFR mutation, homozygous for the hypofibrinolytic 4G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene, and heterozygous for the platelet glycoprotein IIIa P1A1/A2 polymorphism. Of 238 normal controls, none had the niece's combination of 4 gene mutations. When ERT-mediated thrombophilia was superimposed on the proband's heritable thrombophilias, unilateral ischemic optic neuropathy developed, her tenth thrombotic event over a 5 decade period. When estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives were given to the proband's niece, she had an ischemic stroke at age 22. Exogenous estrogen-mediated thrombophilia superimposed on heritable thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis is associated with arterial and venous thrombi, and appears to be a preventable, and potentially reversible etiology for ischemic optic neuropathy and ischemic stroke.
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PMID:Interaction of heritable and estrogen-induced thrombophilia: possible etiologies for ischemic optic neuropathy and ischemic stroke. 1124 43

In a 12-member, 3-generation kindred with conjoint inheritance of G1691A factor V Leiden (FVL) and G20210A prothrombin gene (PTG) mutations, identified through a proband with amaurosis fugax and his father with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), the authors' hypothesis was that ocular thrombosis was a diagnostic window to familial thrombophilia-thrombosis. The authors used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measures for thrombophilia (FVL, PTG, C677T-A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR], platelet glycoprotein PLA1A2) and hypofibrinolysis (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G4G). The 39-year-old white male proband, with amaurosis fugax and transient ischemic attacks (TIA), was found to be a compound heterozygote for FVL and PTG mutations. His symptoms resolved only after coumadin. His 44-year-old brother (deep venous thrombosis [DVT]) and 46-year-old sister (DVT, pulmonary embolus [PE]) were compound FVL-PTG gene heterozygotes. Of 4 asymptomatic children born to these 3 siblings, 2 were FVL heterozygotes and 2 PTG heterozygotes. The proband's 69-year-old father, with NAION and ischemic stroke, had PTG heterozygosity, familial high factor VIII, and compound MTHFR C677T-A1298C mutation with homocysteinemia. The proband's 61-year-old aunt had PTG heterozygosity, recurrent DVT, and mesenteric artery thrombosis. The proband's 67-year-old mother, free of thrombotic events, was a FVL heterozygote, had high factor VIII, and PAI-1 4G4G homozygosity. In this extended kindred, ocular thrombotic events (amaurosis fugax, NAION) were associated with variegated thrombotic events, including TIA, ischemic stroke, DVT, PE, and mesenteric artery thrombosis, and opened a diagnostic window to family screening and treatment for complex thrombophilias, which had previously been undiagnosed.
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PMID:Ocular vascular thrombotic events: a diagnostic window to familial thrombophilia (compound factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene heterozygosity) and thrombosis. 1879 59