Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the presence of venostasis in the legs, intermittent compression of the arms during and after surgery reduced the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) in the legs to half that in control patients and maintained blood fibrinolytic activity at preoperative values. It is suggested that the release of fibrinolytic activators is essential to the prophylactic action of pneumatic leggings.
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PMID:Effect of intermittent compression of the arms on deep venous thrombosis in the legs. 6 44

Two thrombolytic agents are mainly used in patients: streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK). UK from human origin is an endopeptidase which is able to convert plasminogen into plasmin. UK is only secreted by the kidney and is only found in urine which is presently the only source of extraction. Studies in man have shown that UK produces a highly reproducible state of enhanced plasma thrombolytic activity with a high fibrinolysis/fibrnogenolysis ratio and a lack of toxicity and antigenicity. The half life in Animal is short as well as the duration of fibrinolytic activity in Man. In clinical experience, positive results have been reported in pulminary embolism while the issues in myocardial infarction are controversial. Suggestive results have been registered in deep vein thrombosis, in ophthalmologic field and in desobstruction of arterio-venious shunts. No evident benefit has been noted in cerebral vascular disease. Up to now, UK has been very well tolerated.
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PMID:[Urokinase. Biochemical therapeutical and therapeutical data (author's transl)]. 6 58

Fibrinolytic activity after elective abdominal surgery was studied in 53 middle-aged cancer-free patients. The pattern of their response demonstrated both stable and labile populations. In 10 of the 13 patients in whom fibrinolytic activity fell rapidly to below 5-6 units, deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) developed on the first postoperative day. This suggests that reduced fibrinolytic activity after operation is involved in the establishment of postoperative D.V.T. and that the incidence of early thrombosis could be reduced by enhancement of postoperative levels of fibrinolytic activity.
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PMID:Fibrinolytic response to surgery. Labile and stable patterns and their relevance to post-operative deep venous thrombosis. 7 May 86

Intravenous lignocaine is a possible means of preventing deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) after elective hip surgery. In 14 control patients the total incidence of D.V.T. was 78%, with a 57% incidence of thigh-vein thrombosis. In 14 patients treated at random with intravenous lignocaine during the first 6 postoperative days, there were only 2 calf-vein thrombi (14%; P less than 0-005). In a further 14 cases treated consecutively there were 4 unilateral calf-vein thrombi. No thrombi originated in the thigh veins (P less than 0-001). After intravenous lignocaine was stopped the total incidence of D.V.T. in the 28 patients rose to 53% with a 21% incidence of thigh-vein thrombi between the 7th and 14th postoperative days. There was no significant difference in postoperative coagulation and fibrinolytic activity between control and treated patients, and blood loss and transfusion requirements were similar. Immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions to lignocaine were not observed. The results support the view that damage to the vessel wall may be the initial event in the formation of a venous thrombus.
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PMID:Intravenous lignocaine in prevention of deep venous thrombosis after elective hip surgery. 7 4

Deep venous thrombosis is a common and unpredictable complication of surgery. In this study it is proposed that patients who develop this complication may be predicted by a low preoperative level of a naturally occurring inhibitor of coagulation, anti-Xa. Two groups of patients were investigated. Women taking the oral contraceptive pill had lower preoperative anti-Xa levels than their non-pill controls (P less than 0.01) and in addition had a significantly higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following emergency surgery (P less than 0.05). In 90 patients undergoing total hip replacement, the mean preoperative anti-Xa level of those patients who developed DVT was significantly lower than those who did not (P less than 0.001). Ninety-four per cent of patients with a preoperative anti-Xa level of less than 80 per cent developed DVT. The effect of low dose heparin on anti-Xa was studied. The results suggest a mechanism for the cause of postoperative thrombosis which also permits selection of individual patients who will develop this complication.
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PMID:Surgery, venous thrombosis and anti-Xa. 7 79

The measurement of plasma beta-thromboglobulin as a potential diagnostic test for venous thrombosis has been investigated in 16 normal volunteers, 24 patients presenting with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism and 46 patients screened by 125I fibrinogen test (IFT) for post-operative DVT. The normal mean was 33 ng/ml (range 15-117 ng/ml). Of the 24 patients with clinical thrombotic disease 22 presented with DVT confirmed by phlebogram or IFT and 2 presented with embolism confirmed by lung scan. At the time of first presentation 12 out of 24 had betaTG values greater than 70 ng/ml. All except 3 of this group of 24 patients had values of greater than 70 ng/ml at some stage during a subsequent week of daily sampling. DVT was detected in 13 out of 46 screened post-operative patients. There was a rise om betaTG observed within 24 hr of the IFT becoming positive but the mean rise did not reach significance at the 5% level. An association between DVT and high betaTG values has been confirmed. However, its clinical value cannot yet be fully elucidated until factors, probably related to blood sampling and clearance, are further investigated.
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PMID:beta-thromboglobulin and deep vein thrombosis. 7 29

Deep venous thrombosis is a potential complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. We evaluated 150 paients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign and malignant disease to determine the postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis, using phleborheography as the instrument of detection. Phleborheography is an accurate, inexpensive, non-invasive method that uses low pressure transducers to detect volumetric changes in the lower extremity through recording cuffs. A 4.6 per cent incidence of deep venous thrombosis was detected by this technique. At the time this complication was discovered no patient exhibited clinical signs of thrombophlebitis, which reinforces the belief that clinical diagnosis alone is not a reliable screening technique for deep venous thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of this postoperative complication.
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PMID:Deep venous thrombosis following transurethral resection of the prostate: diagnosis by phleborheography. 8 22

The stress of injury and surgical operation results in an initial increase in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood which is followed by a period of reduced activity in the postinjury or postoperative period. This 'fibrinolytic shutdown' is particularly marked in patients with malignant disease and occurs irrespective of whether or not they develop a deep venous thrombosis. It also occurs in patients with benign disease and in these patients is greater, though only on the first postoperative day, in those who develop deep venous thrombosis. Venous occlusion studies suggest that this reduction in spontaneous fibrinolytic activity may be the results of a reduction in the fibrinolytic capacity of the vascular endothelium resulting either from a deficiency of the enzyme plasminogen activator or an inability to release the enzyme from the endothelium. Changes in antiplasmins, the inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system, also occur as a result of the stress of operation. Plasma levels of alpha2-macroglobulin fall while those of alpha1-antitrypsin rise. These changes occur irrespective of the presence of malignant or benign disease and do not appear to influence the development of deep venous thrombosis.
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PMID:Factors affecting the fibrinolytic response to surgery. 8 46

High molecular weight kininogen (HMW-kininogen) concentration was measured in the plasma of healthy blood donors, patients with haemophilia A, idiopathic thrombocytopoenic purpura, deep vein thrombosis treated with oral anticoagulants and patients treated with streptokinase (SK). The concentration of HMW-kininogen in the plasma of healthy subjects was 92 +/- 15 micrograms/ml. The values obtained in patients' plasma were not different statistically. In the plasma of patients treated with repeated infusion of SK, a significant increase of HMW-kininogen antigen activity was noted after each injection of the drug. Similar results were obtained when SK was added to plasma "in vitro" or when a purified preparation of HMW-kininogen was treated with plasmin. These and additional data obtained suggest that plasmin uncovers in the HMW-kininogen molecule a new antigenic site(s) common to HMW-kininogen and low molecular weight kininogen and new antigenic site(s) specific only for HMW-kininogen.
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PMID:Plasma high molecular weight kininogen concentration in health and in chosen impairments of haemostasis. Evidence that plasmin uncovers a new antigenic site in high molecular weight kininogen. 9 69

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) levels were measured in 103 healthy controls and 112 patients suffering from either peripheral vascular disease (PVD), or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Plasma beta TG was significantly elevated in 46 PVD patients and 24 recent DVT patients compared to controls, but did not differ significantly in 18 chronic DVT and 24 old CVD patients. In addition, heparin neutralizing activity (HNA) and platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, 1-epinephrine and thrombin were compared in 33 out of the 46 PVD patients to 33 controls. The mean HNA was significantly shorter in the PVD patients than in controls. The rate and extent of platelet aggregation were increased in PVD patients compared to controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Platelet production time (PPT) was measured in 20 controls, 35 PVD patients, nine chronic DVT and 12 chronic CVD patients; significantly shorter PPT was only observed in 14 patients with advanced PVD compared to controls, suggesting increased platelet consumption in these patients. All four assays (plasma beta TG, HNA, platelet aggregation and PPT) were performed in 25 patients; no correlation between the four tests was found in these patients suggesting that the tests were measuring various aspects of platelet function. These results suggest that in vivo platelet consumption as well as platelet aggregation and 'release reaction' are presumably enhanced in PVD and recent DVT patients and that plasma beta TG and PPT assays may be better and more specific indicators of in vivo platelet activation than in vitro platelet aggregation test.
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PMID:beta-Thromboglobulin, platelet production time and pletelet function in vascular disease. 9 36


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