Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 13-year-old boy was admitted to this hospital for evaluation of pitting edema of both legs. Three years ago, he had been diagnosed to have nephrotic syndrome. Two and half years ago, because of persistent heavy proteinuria, poor response to steroids and frequent relapse of disease, a renal biopsy was done; characteristics of IgM nephropathy was shown. About a year previously, the patient felt dizziness and weakness of the left side of his body upon awakening one morning. Neurologic examination showed loss of muscle tone, muscle power and deep tendon reflexes. Sensory and cranial nerve function were intact. Blood pressure was normal. The CT scan of brain showed a patch of low attenuation area in the right temporal region, obliteration of the right cortical sulci and mild compression of right lateral ventricle. A diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with right cerebral infarction was made. The patient's condition became stable two days later after mannitol infusion, correction of electrolytes, and supportive therapy. According to literature, most cases of nephrotic syndrome complicate with renal thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis. Few cases complicate with cerebral thrombosis and infarction. If patient have low plasma albumin and anti-thrombin III level, hyperfunction of platelet aggregability and use long-term diuretic therapy, they may be at higher risk of thromboembolic complications. If thromboembolic complications exist, anticoagulation treatment should be instituted. Prophylactic therapy with aspirin or dicumarol is not currently recommended.
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PMID:[Nephrotic syndrome complicated with cerebral infarction: report of one case]. 182 17

A 33 year old woman with severe thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by typical lupus anticoagulant developed repeated spontaneous abortion, deep venous thrombosis, and cerebral thrombosis. The platelet count fluctuated from 4,000 to 400,000/mm3 during the 13 year clinical course. The physical and laboratory findings at the time of severe thrombocytopenic purpura were compatible with the criteria of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura except for positive lupus anticoagulant. Both immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and antithrombotic therapy with warfarin and aspirin were necessary for the control of bleeding and venous and arterial thrombosis.
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PMID:Thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with lupus anticoagulant: requirement of both immunosuppressive and antithrombotic therapies. 206 61

Since the introduction of thrombolytic treatment based on the activation of plasminogen (PLG) by streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK) the search for new and improved methods has been continuing. The pivotal issue is how to achieve clot-specific fibrinolysis without producing systemic fibrinogenolysis. One out of various approaches to enhance lysis rates has been the use of PLG either alone or in combination with UK or SK in the light of the fact that fibrinolytic treatment, particularly using SK, is associated with a consumption of PLG, and that thrombi contain relatively small amounts of native PLG, however, are capable of incorporating added PLG in vitro. PLG-concentrates from various manufactures have been administered intravenously for treatment of deep venous thrombosis, mainly in combination with SK, and of pulmonary embolism in combination with UK. Local intracoronary and intraarterial administration in combination with UK has been reported in patients with myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial occlusions, respectively. Lysis rates obtained in these studies were in most cases superior to results obtained with SK or UK alone, without increasing the incidence of bleeding complications. In addition, excellent results in larger group of patients with cerebral thrombosis were obtained with PLG alone. The encouraging results of these studies may be explained by the fact that all of the preparations used contained partially activated forms of PLG (commonly designated lys-PLG) to a greater or lesser extent. Lys-PLG has a higher affinity for fibrin than the native glu-PLG and is activated by UK or SK by a manyfold faster. These properties allow for a rapid formation of plasmin which--bound to fibrin--is also protected from the attack of neutralizing antiplasmin. The design and results of previous studies with lys-PLG concentrates will be reviewed and approaches to further improve fibrinolytic regimens with lys-PLG-concentrates discussed.
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PMID:Review of studies with plasminogen concentrates and proposals for further therapeutic strategies with plasminogen concentrates. 328 Apr 22

An Israeli Arab family with type I antithrombin III (AT-III) deficiency with several affected symptomatic members in three generations is reported. The propositus presented with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli associated with gestation. The propositus infant presented at the age of 2 weeks with superior sagittal and rectus sinus thrombosis. Hereditary AT-III deficiency should be considered in infants with cerebral thrombosis, especially if they have a family history of thromboembolism. The role of prophylactic therapy by AT-III concentrates in these infants should be further assessed.
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PMID:Cerebral thrombosis in a newborn with a congenital deficiency of antithrombin III. 334 5

Reports of thromboembolism following the use of oral contraceptives received by drug safety committees in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark have been analysed to investigate possible differences in the risks associated with the various preparations. For this purpose the numbers of reports of thromboembolism attributed to each product were compared with the distribution that would have been expected from market research estimates of sales, assuming that all products carried the same risk.A positive correlation was found between the dose of oestrogen and the risk of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, and coronary thrombosis in the United Kingdom. A similar association was found for venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in Sweden and Denmark. No significant differences could be detected between sequential and combined preparations containing the same doses of oestrogen, nor between the two oestrogens, ethinyloestradiol and mestranol.Certain discrepancies in the data suggest that the dose of oestrogen may not be the only factor related to the risk of thromboembolism; thus there was a significant deficit of reports associated with the combination of mestranol 100 mug. with norethynodrel 2.5 mg. and a significant excess of reports associated with the combination of ethinyloestradiol 50 mug. with megestrol acetate 4 mg. An excess of reports also occurred with other combined preparations containing megestrol acetate.The data obtained in earlier epidemiological studies were re-examined and, though no trend was obvious in any one of them, the combined results showed an excess of cases of thromboembolism at the highest dose of oestrogen.The finding of a positive correlation between the dose of oestrogen and the risk of coronary thrombosis is of special interest since previous studies have failed to provide clear evidence of a relationship between oral contraceptives and this condition.
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PMID:Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives. A report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs. 544 6

The risk of thromboembolism in oral contraceptive (OC) users is evaluated based on findings of major cohort studies conducted in England, the US, and Denmark. Since approximately 25% of Danish Women aged 15-45 use OCs, such an assessment is timely and critical. A study by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) found a slightly higher risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, especially postoperatively (deep venous thrombosis). Major risk was found only with the use of high estrogen-content pills. No connection between OC use and subarachnoidal bleeding could be established according to the latest studies. In a US study examining 182 cases of apoplexy cerebri of thrombotic origin in comparison with 98 controls, the risk was 9.5 times higher on OC users. However, 74% of the patients with cerebral thrombosis were smokers vs. 43% of controls. The high gestagen component of pills was implicated in the increased risk. In a case control study, the risk of myocardial infarct was found 4 times higher in OC users and 20 times higher in smokers who used OCs. Another study of the RCGP supported these findings: myocardial infarct was .3/1000 women per year in pill users vs. .15 in nonusers, and the risk of death from ischemic heart disease was 6.4 times higher among users. These risk factors were also borne out by Danish data: the number of women aged 35-39 and 40-45 dying of ischemic heart disease between 1951-1981 rose slightly, but there was no significant increase after 1967, when low-dose OCs were introduced; in recent years there has been a decline. To establish a firm link between the use of the estrogen and gestagen components of OCs and thromboembolic disease, further investigations must be conducted in view of recently introduced low-dose pills.
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PMID:[The pill and thrombosis]. 651 90

Oral contraceptive (OC) pills have a very high rate of acceptability among Danish women in spite of the possible risks associated with their use referred to in the daily press. Every fourth woman prefers OCs. Half of the women under 25 use OCs as well as every tenth one over 35. There is hardly any doubt that the use of OCs can increase the risk of blood clot in the heart, and the more cigarettes are smoked the higher the risk. Today increasing doses of gestagens are used with minor effect on the lipid system. The risk of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and the risk of cerebral thrombosis or embolism is elevated even with low-dose OCs, but regarding cerebral thrombosis, research is inconclusive. The risk of cerebral thrombosis is very low among young women and it increases with age. Considering that masses of young women use OCs, and increased incidence of breast cancer has been found under 45 years of age among those who had used OCs before the birth of their first child, a risk that seems to correspond to perhaps a higher number of breast cancer cases in the following years. This can be explained by the fact that OC users do not have an increased risk of breast cancer, but may undergo checkups more often than others, giving a higher chance of early diagnosis of this disease. Based on this it would be unwise to advise against OCs for women under 25, but the issue has to be examined in the context of the risks of other contraceptive methods and AIDS. It is reasonable to restrict OC use in women over 35-40 who smoke more than 5-10 cigarettes daily, or who have other known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Use of oral contraceptives and smoking among Danish women]. 823 73

Ischaemic stroke accounts for 70-85% of stroke incidence worldwide, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents and carotid endarterectomy are effective in stroke prevention but active therapy for acute stroke is limited at present. Treatments investigated to date include thrombolysis and antiplatelet agents, both of which have been shown to modify the effects of stroke and provide a small long-term benefit in selected patients, and anticoagulation with heparin derivatives and oral agents. The value of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in modifying the acute effects of stroke has never been clearly established, and the risk of intracranial bleeding has limited its clinical application. However, disability and death following stroke stem from both the acute cerebral event and the secondary development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Antithrombotic therapy may therefore, in principle, provide the dual benefit of retarding ongoing cerebral thrombosis and preventing secondary VTE. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) and one heparinoid may have an improved ratio of antithrombotic action to haemorrhagic effect compared with UFH. Recent trials with these agents demonstrated a significant reduction in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Evidence has also emerged of improved long-term outcomes in terms of combined rates of death and residual disability, but data from different studies are conflicting. The potential role of LMWHs and heparinoids in acute stroke remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Anticoagulation in acute ischaemic stroke: deep vein thrombosis prevention and long-term stroke outcomes. 1049 41

A 35-year-old Japanese woman with a low level (42-54%) of blood antithrombin (AT) III, experienced two induced abortions due to deep venous thrombosis at 8 weeks of gestation (GW) and cerebral thrombosis at 10 GW. The present pregnancy was successfully managed with intravenous administration of AT III (6,000-8,000 U/wk). Analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for exons 3A and 4 of the AT III gene (AT3) using her DNA revealed extra expansion bands with altered migration. The DNA sequencing demonstrated novel mutations in exon 3A of AT3: a G to T substitution at nucleotide position 5333 in codon GAG for Glu 113, causing a stop codon (E113X), and an A to T substitution at position 5338 in codon AAA for Lys 114, forming Asn (K114N). These novel mutations, especially E113X, in AT3 may be related to recurrent thrombosis in the pregnancy.
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PMID:Novel mutation (E113X) of antithrombin III gene (AT3) in a woman with gestational recurrent thrombosis. 1076 96

We examined various hemostatic molecular markers in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC), deep vein thrombosis(DVT), pulmonary embolism(PE), acute myocardial infarction(AMI), cerebral thrombosis(CT) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP). Global tests were sensitive for DIC but not for pre-DIC. However, hemostatic molecular markers such as soluble fibrin were sensitive for both DIC and pre-DIC. Hemostatic molecular markers were also useful for analysis of DIC in a baboon DIC model. Activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I were useful for the diagnosis of DVT, PE, AMI or CT. These findings suggests that hemostatic molecular markers are useful for the diagnosis of various thrombotic disorders.
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PMID:[Application of hemostatic molecular markers for diagnosis of thrombosis]. 1081 Aug 74


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