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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deep venous thrombosis is a potential complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. We evaluated 150 paients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign and malignant disease to determine the postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis, using phleborheography as the instrument of detection. Phleborheography is an accurate, inexpensive, non-invasive method that uses low pressure transducers to detect volumetric changes in the lower extremity through recording cuffs. A 4.6 per cent incidence of deep venous thrombosis was detected by this technique. At the time this complication was discovered no patient exhibited clinical signs of thrombophlebitis, which reinforces the belief that clinical diagnosis alone is not a reliable screening technique for deep venous thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of this postoperative complication.
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PMID:Deep venous thrombosis following transurethral resection of the prostate: diagnosis by phleborheography. 8 22

Venous impedance plethysmography and respiratory-compression Doppler augmentation responses have proved to be diagnostically valuable in suspected thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities. These noninvasive methods can provide quantitative and reproducible data on the basis of which the presence of increased deep venous resistance can be confirmed, suspected, or doubted. A new scoring system for the composite evaluation of data from 100 consecutive patients with possible thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, or both, is presented. These procedures assume added importance in view of the diagnostic limitations, and even potential hazards, of other methods. These methods indluce lung scanning, radioactive fibrinogen scanning, venography, and pulmonary angiography. Serial studies can be performed with impunity for following highrisk patients and evaluating various therapeutic or prophylactic measures. The importance of monitoring the femoral-popliteal segment is emphasized, because of the greater propensity for massive pulmonary thromboembolism from thrombi in these veins than in the calf vessels. Clinical observations coupled with these studies underscore the fallacy of several widely-held diagnostic biases pertaining to deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. The long-term followup of 12 patients in whom inferior vena cava unbrellas has been inserted for life-threatening pulmonary embolism is presented. The possible propensity to deep vein thrombosis from vitamin E therapy is raised.
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PMID:The noninvasive diagnosis of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities: clinical value of plethysmography combined with augmentation methods and a new scoring system. 30 91

Estrogen replacement in menopause should be used for specific symptoms such as ovarian failure, hot flushes, vaginal atrophy, atrophy of the vulva, and atrophic urethritis. The dose should be as low as possible to be effective and perscribed for as short as time as possible, since there are possible risks of uterine cancer, breast cancer, increased blood pressure, gallstones, deep vein thrombosis, and thromboembolism. Estrogens should be administered to provide the maximum benefit with the minimum risk involved. Estrogens should not be given to patients with known contraindications such as: suspected breast or uterine cancer; undiagnosed genital bleeding; Dubin-Johnson syndrome; acute hepatic disease; previous or present thromboembolism; or severe thrombophlebitis. Careful evaluation should be made before administering estrogen to women with uterine myomata, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, sevare varicose veins, chronic hepatic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, or severe hypertension.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement in the menopause. 39 Apr 56

The use of heparin sodium and warfarin sodium in the treatment of pulmonary embolus (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thrombophlebitis (TP) was studied by a hospital pharmacy department. During a four-month period, the charts of 26 patients were audited for anticoagulant dosages used; laboratory test monitoring of anticoagulant dosage used; laboratory test minitoring of anticoagulant therapy; complications of, contraindications to, and patient compliance with anticoagulant therapy. These variables were evaluated on the basis of compliance with a written anticoagulant protocol. Initial doses of heparin sodium and warfarin sodium were acceptable in 43% of patients. Maintenance dosing with heparin sodium was acceptable in 89% of patients. Activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were ordered correctly for 65% of patients. APTTs were within therapeutic ranges in 31% of patients. The duration of heparin-warfarin overlap was possibly to definitely acceptable in 71% of patients. Prothrombin times were properly monitored in 50% of patients. Complications of anticoagulant therapy were evident in only one patient. There were a number of potentially serious diversions from the protocol. The pharmacy department planned to issue bulletins designed to correct the problems.
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PMID:Audit of anticoagulant therapy of pulmonary embolus, deep vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. 42 Feb 10

I have encountered 50 patients with clinical thrombophlebitis involving the lower extremites, with or without associated edema and pulmonary embolism, in whom longstanding self-medication with large amounts of vitamin E appeared to be a significant factor. The majority improved following cessation of vitamin E. In view of the epidemic nature of thrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis in the United States, the presumed innocuousness of vitamin E therapy requires reevaluation. Other clinical side effects also have been noted in patients receiving large doses of vitamin E. They include breast tenderness, elevation of blood pressure, a fatigue syndrome, myopathy, intestinal cramps, urticaria, and the possible aggravation of diabetes mellitus. The influence of concomitant metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular disorders on the thrombogenic potential of vitamin E is raised, and several possible mechanisms conducive to thrombophlebitis are reviewed.
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PMID:Thrombophlebitis associated with vitamin E therapy. With a commentary on other medical side effects. 43 74

A perspective study by the Royal College of General Practitioners reported that the risk of developing deep venous thrombosis of the legs in women taking oral contraceptives was 5.66 times higher than women not on medication. Estrogen-progestogen compounds are highly potent hormones that produce alterations in metabolic and endocrine functions. Clinical examination of the leg is the most reliable method of determining the earliest indication of thrombophlebitis even with the latest diagnostic tools of venography. The key to diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism, which often occurs with patients with thrombophlebitis, is a patient's complaint of leg pains. Those who have undergone surgery, especially abdominal and pelvic, are bedridden, and those who are taking oral contraceptives are at risk of thrombophlebitis. Deep thrombophlebitis of the leg is not recognized clinically in 50-80% of those with venographically documented thrombophlebitis because the signs and symptoms are so protean. Treatment with heparin and leg bandages is most common. Heparin is often followed with coumarin therapy. Some methods of diagnosis are calf tenderness, edema, skin temperature, Homan's Sign, Lowenberg's Sign, Pratt's Sign, cyanosis, systemic signs, and contrast venogram.
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PMID:A review of the birth control pill and its relationship to thrombophlebitis. 44 35

During the course of only one year popliteal cyst ruptures simulating deep venous thrombosis were diagnosed in six patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The characteristic history and some specific physical findings are reported which are indicative of a pseudo-thrombophlebitis. Laboratory investigations were of limited value whereas a simplified contrast-arthrography demonstrated the synovial ruptures. In the rheumatoid patient a synovial cyst rupture rather than deep venous thrombosis should be primarily suspected and arthrography should be the first radiographic measure.
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PMID:[Venous pseudothromosis of the lower leg after popliteal cyst rupture in rheumatoid arthritis]. 53 72

The most important side effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) and their incidence, together with advice and monitoring of the patient at risk, are pointed out. There is a mild increase in blood pressure in longterm contraceptive use caused by increased angiotensinogen production by the liver. It is significant only for women with a history of familial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or pre-eclampsia. Smoking increases this risk. Urinary tract infections are 25-50% more frequent in pill users. Glucose tolerance is slightly decreased. Contraceptives' diabetogenic effect is higher in women with hereditary tendency for diabetes, latent diabetes, and/or obesity. They are contraindicated in latent diabetes. Findings are contradictory in their effects on cholesterol and triglyceride serum level, but the pill is contraindicated in lipid metabolism disorders. There is an increased incidence in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in pill-users (70-80 additional cases/100,000 user years). Liver diseases, intrahepatic cholestasis, occur rarely and benign liver tumors have not conclusively been proved to be caused by the pill. A variety of laboratory findings have been related to contraceptive use and drug interactions occur with barbiturates, rifampicin, hydantoin, and phenylbutazone. Blood coagulation is increased, partially by increased production of various blood coagulation factors; but more importantly, by a decreased synthesis of antithrombin III, a natural protective mechanism against intravascular coagulation. This increases thrombosis risk. Risk doubles with simultaneous cigarette smoking. Various epidemiological studies indicate a 5-10 fold increase in thromboembolism and thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. There is a correlation between contraceptive use and cerebrovascular disorders and myocardial infarction. This risk increases with age and years of pill use. The pill is contraindicated with symptoms of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism, sickle cell anemia, proposed surgery, and longterm immobilization. Overall risk factors are not too high. Recommendations for rational pill use related to age are given and further contraindications are mentioned.
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PMID:[Adverse effects of oral contraceptives]. 55 52

Within 1 1/2 years we have seen 4 pulmonary emboli, one of which was fatal. The origin was an isolated thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein. An autopsy, with dissection of the veins of the legs and of the pelvis, and phlebographies where there is any doubt of deep venous thrombosis, allow us to speak of isolated thrombosis of the great saphenous vein. The clinical level is always lower than the real level and the thrombus can grow through the saphenofemoral junction. The conservative treatment (anticoagulation and mobilisation) do not prevent a cranial ascension of the thrombus nor a pulmonary embolism. So, when the thrombosis is higher than the knee, we do a crossectomy of the great saphenous vein. We did this operation 8 times without complications.
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PMID:[The risk of lung emolism in isolated thrombosis of the V. saphena magna]. 62 46

Detailed analysis of the clinical data and autopsy material of 100 consecutive renal transplant recipients revealed significant thromboembolic disease in 25 patients and a total of 41 complications. In six of them, thromboembolism was associated with sepsis. Nine patients died (20% of total number of deaths) due to a primary thromboembolic event. The incidence of pulmonary embolism was 14%; myocardial infarction, 3%; cerebrovascular disease, 4%; renal artery thrombosis, 2%; renal vein thrombosis, 3%; thrombophlebitis/deep vein thrombosis, 13%; and miscellaneous, 2%. The incidence of thromboembolism was higher in patients older than 40 years of age (P = .02) and during the earlier months after transplantation. We summarize the general incidence and mortality related to thromboembolism and discuss the factors predisposing the graft recipient to thromboembolic disease. Prevention and therapy of this complication should decrease the morbidity and mortality in graft recipients and enhance the success of renal transplantation.
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PMID:Thromboembolic disease in renal allograft recipients. What is its clinical significance? 78 76


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