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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of peroperative electrical calf muscle stimulation with groups of impulses giving a short lasting tetanus of the calf muscles on postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) were compared with that of dextran 40 given per and postoperatively. The incidence of DVT and PE during the first 4-6 postoperative days was recorded. The diagnosis of DVT was based on the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and phlebography and of PE on pre- and postoperative perfusion pulmonary scintigram and chest X-ray examination. Both methods reduced the incidence of PE. Calf muscle stimulation reduced the DVT incidence in patients with malignant disease while the reduction in DVT incidence for the whole group only was significant in the stimulation as well as the dextran 40 group. Mean values for preoperatively determined levels of antithrombin III, beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinopeptide A, plasminogen and ability to release fibrinolytic activity during venous stasis did not differ between those patients who developed or those who did not develop postoperative DVT or PE. However, antithrombin III levels below 80 per cent appeared to predispose to postoperative thromboembolism. The two prophylactic methods have similar effects on the incidence of postoperative thromboembolism. The stimulation method has certain advantages due to its safety and simplicity.
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PMID:Prediction and prophylaxis of postoperative thromboembolism--a comparison between peroperative calf muscle stimulation with groups of impulses and dextran 40. 618 44

Electrical calf muscle stimulation during surgery has been used for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with varied results in several studies. This effect is mainly achieved by the reduction of venous stasis in the legs. Another possible beneficial effect might be an increased fibrinolytic activity of the blood secondary to the muscle contractions. Previously, single electrical impulses have been used for stimulation, giving rise to 'single twitches' in the muscles. In the present study the effect on calf volume of muscle stimulation with groups of impulses giving a short-lasting tetanus was investigated. Changes in calf volume were recorded by strain gauge plethysmography. Optimal values for duration, number and frequency of the impulses within the groups were determined. Stimulation with groups of impulses reduced calf venous volume approximately three times more efficiently than stimulation with single impulses. Calf muscle stimulation did not enhance the increase in fibrinolytic activity of venous blood observed after oesophago- or laryngoscopies under general anaesthesia.
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PMID:Electrically induced short-lasting tetanus of the calf muscles for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. 697 52

Tetanus is a potentially lethal disease that is preventable with appropriate vaccination. The diagnosis is made exclusively on clinical criteria, and early recognition and treatment are essential for positive outcome. Patients should be monitored in the intensive care unit immediately on diagnosis. Early intubation and mechanical ventilation have drastically reduced the mortality from tetanus. Autonomic instability is associated with a high fatality rate and therefore must be aggressively treated. Metronidazole, human tetanus immunoglobulin, and active immunization should also be initiated on presentation. Because of extremely high metabolic demands in patients with tetanus, care must be taken to provide adequate nutrition and fluids. Prevention of sequelae of long-term critical illness, such as nosocomial pneumonia and deep venous thrombosis, are also important for achieving good outcomes.
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PMID:Tetanus. 1466 67

Tetanus remains a significant burden in many low- and middle-income countries. The tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system and intrathecal antitoxin administration may be beneficial, but there are safety concerns, especially in resource-limited settings. We performed a pilot study to assess the safety and feasibility of intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin in five adults with tetanus before the conduct of a large randomized controlled trial. Intrathecal injection via lumbar puncture was given to all patients within a median 140 (range 100-165) minutes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. There were no serious adverse effects associated with the procedure although three patients had probably related minor adverse events which resolved spontaneously. Median ICU length of stay was 14 (range 5-17) days. Two patients required mechanical ventilation and one developed a deep vein thrombosis. Within 240 days of hospital discharge, no patients died and all patients returned to work.
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PMID:A Pilot Study to Assess Safety and Feasibility of Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Adults with Tetanus. 2991 42