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Query: UMLS:C0149871 (deep vein thrombosis)
 12,364 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From January 1987 through December 1989, ten patients with varicose veins complicated by postphlebitic ulcers were treated at Muhimbili Medical Center, Tanzania, by subfascial ligation of perforating veins. The technique employed was a posterior subfascial approach which avoids making the skin incision through the ulcer itself. The follow up periods ranged from one to three years and there was no recurrence of the ulcer in any of the patients in the study. The major indication for performing the procedure was the presence of a varicose stasis ulcer. Before surgery, all patients had a complete peripheral vascular examination to exclude deep venous thrombosis. Healing of varicose ulcers and elimination of stasis eczema had to be achieved four weeks before surgery. The authors maintain that patients who present with varicose veins of the lower leg and a postphlebitic stasis ulceration invariably have incompetence of the valves in the perforating veins and should be treated by subfascial ligation of the perforating veins.
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PMID:Experience with subfascial ligation for varicose veins in Tanzania: a brief communication. 129 68

The post-thrombotic syndrome which is caused by deep venous thrombosis and characterized by pain, oedema, pigmentation, eczema, lipodermatosis, varices and ulceration, is due to deficient function of the venous valves and/or obstruction of the deep veins with venous hypertension. The diagnosis may be established by investigation of the investigation of the muscular-venous pump by pletysmography or dynamic phlebography and invasive measurement of the venous pressure is not employed to any great extent. The results of valvuloplasty have, by and large, been negative. The main form of treatment is, therefore, conservative compressive bandaging which can reduce the symptoms, facilitate healing of venous ulcers and prevent recurrence of ulcers. It is emphasized, however, that this treatment must be continued consequently during the remainder of the patient's life, regardless of other treatment.
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PMID:[The post-thrombotic syndrome. A review]. 146 10

Chronic venous disorders range from telangiactasia or spider veins to varicose veins, venous swellings, skin changes and venous ulcerations. The aim of this study is to assess outcome of varicose vein surgery in the ethnically diverse population of Penang, Malaysia. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients seen from 1999 to 2004. All patients who presented to the outpatient clinic of our surgical department with saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) and/or saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) reflux associated with incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) respectively underwent classical varicose varicose vein surgery. A single surgeon at a single institution performed the surgeries. Data from pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up procedures were recorded in case report forms. A total of 202 cases were treated. Of these, 200 were qualified by the inclusion criteria and follow-ups, with 23 who were treated bilaterally. Of those treated, Chinese comprised 47.5%, Indians 27.0%, Malays 12.5% and foreigners 13.0% (largely Indonesian Chinese, British and Americans). The average age was 52.1 years. Indians had the highest average BMI of 29.2, compared to the Chinese who had the lowest of 24.6. Based on occupation, housewives (43.0%), blue collar workers (19.0%), salespersons (12.0%) and factory workers (9.5%) were among those afflicted with varicose veins. While local Chinese predominated in the business groups (salespersons and food-related workers), the Indians and Malays in this study were mainly factory workers and/or blue collar workers. Symptomatology in descending order of severity included pain in 80.0% of cases, swelling in 65.5%, heaviness in 53.5%, cramps in 53.0%, lipodermatosclerosis in 39.0%, superficial thrombophlebitis in 33.5%, venous ulceration in 32.0%, eczema 22.0% and cellulitis in 12.5% of patients. Post surgery pains dropped to 9.9%, cramps 6.4%, heaviness 5.5% and swelling 5.3% (p<0.0001 in all groups). Indians had the highest rate of venous ulcers (35.2% of all Indians treated) possibly due to their high BMI and low socioeconomic background. In cases of venous ulcers, gram negative infections (49.8%) were more common than gram positive infections at 18.8%. Operative procedures performed included great saphenous vein high ligation in 96.5% of cases, stripping 93.5% and multiple avulsions in 98.5%, saphenous popliteal junction ligation with multiple avulsions in 13.0% and subfascial ligation in 10.5%. Operative complications included induration (40.0% of cases), bruising in 49.5%, pains in 15.0%, paraesthesia in 3.5%, wound infection in 4.0%, deep venous thrombosis in 3.0% and ulcer recurrence in 7.5%. A total of 96.2% of patients treated expressed satisfaction with varicose vein surgery. Late presentations of chronic venous insufficiency, possibly as a result of poor understanding and inadequate education on diet, weight control, use of stockings and change in lifestyle by patients, employers and general practitioners are probably the cause of high rates of severe chronic venous disease especially venous ulcerations in the local community. However, classical varicose vein surgery is widely applicable across diverse ethnicities with a high rate of success.
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PMID:Classical varicose vein surgery in a diverse ethnic community. 1924 88

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a late outcome of deep vein thrombosis characterized by cramping pain, swelling, hyperpigmentation, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, and ulceration in the leg due to increased venous outflow resistance and reflux venous flow. Newer surgical and endovascular interventions have a promising result in the management of postthrombotic syndrome. Early surgical or endovascular interventions in appropriately selected patients may decrease the incidence of recurrent ulceration and skin changes and provide a better quality of life. Duplex and IVUS (intravenous ultrasound) along with venography serve as cornerstone investigative tools for assessment of reflux and obstruction. Venous obstruction, if present, should be addressed earlier than reflux. It requires endovenous stenting, endophlebectomy, or open bypass procedures. Venous stripping, foam sclerotherapy, radiofrequency, or laser ablation are used to abolish superficial venous reflux. Valvuloplasty procedures are useful for incompetent but intact deep venous valves, while transposition or axillary vein autotransplantation is done for completely destroyed valves.
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PMID:Postthrombotic syndrome: surgical possibilities. 2208 74

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent disease. About 20 to 30% of patients with DVT will develop postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) within months after the initial diagnosis of DVT. There is no gold standard for diagnosis of PTS, but clinical signs include pitting edema, hyperpigmentation, phlebectatic crown, venous eczema, and varicose veins. Several scoring systems have been developed for diagnostic evaluation. Conservative treatment includes compression therapy, medications, lifestyle modification, and exercise. Compression therapy, the mainstay and most proven noninvasive therapy for patients with PTS, can be prescribed as compression stockings, bandaging, adjustable compression wrap devices, and intermittent pneumatic compression. Medications may be used to both prevent and treat PTS and include anticoagulation, anti-inflammatories, vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, and diuretics. Exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, and leg elevation are also recommended. Areas of further research include the duration, compliance, and strength of compression stockings in the prevention of PTS after DVT; the use of intermittent compression devices; the optimal medical anticoagulant regimen after endovascular therapy; and the role of newer anticoagulants as anti-inflammatory agents.
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PMID:Medical Treatment for Postthrombotic Syndrome. 2826 31

Cellulitis is a bacterial skin and soft tissue infection which occurs when the physical skin barrier, the immune system and/or the circulatory system are impaired. Diabetes, obesity and old age are associated with defects in all of these areas and as a result are major predisposing factors for cellulitis. In this review, we summarise current insights into the pathophysiology of cellulitis and place the Dutch guidelines on the clinical management of cellulitis of the lower extremities in perspective. Recent evidence on diagnostic strategies is discussed, the importance of which is underscored by findings that venous insufficiency, eczema, deep vein thrombosis and gout are frequently mistaken for cellulitis. Empiric antibiotic choices are designed against the background of a low prevalence of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Novel antimicrobial agents registered for cellulitis are also discussed. Relapses occur frequently due to a high prevalence of risk factors associated with cellulitis in combination with the ccurrence of persistent post-inflammatory lymphatic damage. Lastly, we identify knowledge gaps which, if addressed, will advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of cellulitis and improve its clinical management.
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PMID:Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management. 2921 14