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Query: UMLS:C0149741 (nipple discharge)
 551 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of inflammatory duct ectasia occurring in the male breast are described. The clinical presentation of the disease in the male closely resembles that in the female. Nipple retraction, nipple discharge, periareolar inflammation and bilateral involvement are all seen. Conservation measures produced unsatisfactory results similar to those in women. A similar operative approach to that used in women is advocated.
Br J Surg 1979 Sep
PMID:Duct ectasia in the male. 57 46

This study was aimed at determining the role of high-frequency (7.5 MHz) US combined with cytology in the diagnosis of complex breast nodules (complex cysts--cystic tumors). The study population included 60 patients presenting with complex breast nodules selected on the basis of US patterns among 3,000 cases. All patients were also submitted to US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Cytology of nipple discharge was always performed when discharge was present (15 cases), mammography was performed in 50 cases and pneumocystography in 10. US allowed the identification of the lesion in all patients and the diagnosis of nature in 73%; with FNAB the figure reached 96.7%. Mammography identified the lesion in 95% of patients, but failed to reveal the complex nature of the nodule. In a small number of cases mammography proved to be a useful complementary tool demonstrating malignant features not recognizable on US images. On the contrary, pneumocystography yielded no further information with respect to US. Diagnostic control was obtained by means of surgery in 30 patients and of clinical-US follow-up in the extant 30 cases. On the basis of their US features the lesions were classified into two groups: I) nodules having a mainly liquid component--i.e., hemorrhagic, septic, multilocular cysts, papillary cystadenoma; II) nodules having a mainly solid component--i.e., solitary intraductal papilloma, intracystic carcinoma, mixed carcinoma, phylloid adenoma, sarcoma. As to the former group, US proved reliable in making a diagnosis in the cases with typical hemorrhagic, septic and multilocular cysts. In the atypical cases, FNAB of the solid component of the nodule was necessary to differentiate irregular clots, thick septa or inflammatory thickening from different conditions. As to the latter group, FNAB of the solid component and/or mammography proved useful in making a diagnosis, even though to this aim US revealed peculiar patterns which were highly suggestive. In our experience, combined US and FNAB are of basic importance in the diagnosis of breast lesions, thus replacing pneumocystography which has been widely employed so far. As regards mammography, its role seems limited to pointing out the peculiar characters of malignancy which could not be demonstrated otherwise.
Radiol Med 1992 Sep
PMID:[The diagnostic imaging of complex breast nodules]. 141 Jun 63

Indications, clinical history, mammographic findings, and clinical outcome were reviewed in 1,016 women younger than 35 years who underwent mammography during an 8-year period. The indications for mammography were a palpable mass in 454 (44.7%), findings at routine screening in 237 (23.3%), lumpiness in 29 (14.9%), unilateral nipple discharge in seven (3.5%), localized breast tenderness in six (5.1%), adenopathy in three (1.9%), diffuse tenderness in two (2.9%), bilateral nipple discharge in two (1.5%), and miscellaneous in four (2.2%). In 405 women (39.9%), at least two-thirds of the breast tissue was radiodense; however, in 299 (29.4%) women the breast was predominantly fatty, allowing for excellent mammograms. Six women had carcinomas: Mammographic findings prompted biopsy in one patient, indicated a benign-appearing mass (found to be solid at sonography or aspiration) in three patients with a palpable mass (contributing to delay in biopsy in two), and were negative in two. Sonography was performed in 389 women and was useful in preventing unnecessary biopsy of cysts but was not useful in differentiating benign from malignant solid masses. Younger women with persistent localized breast symptoms should undergo a tailored mammographic examination, but negative findings or findings of a benign lesion should not preclude biopsy of a palpable solid mass.
Radiology 1991 Sep
PMID:Usefulness of mammography and sonography in women less than 35 years of age. 187 2

Sixteen cases of male breast cancer seen over a 20-year period were reviewed. The causes of cancer of the male breast are no better understood, but major alterations in hormonal environment could be a significant factor. Some clinical characteristics correspond well with the results of other series. The median age at presentation was 61.7 years. The most frequent initial symptom was a painless mass, and the incidences of nipple discharge, central tumor location, and axillary node involvement were high. Males also had a higher incidence of local advancement which was associated with a longer delay in seeking treatment and small breast tissue. The pathologic type was infiltrating ductal type in all cases except one, and all cases showed favorable nuclear grade. Estrogen receptor analysis was performed from the tumor of 2 patients. Both of them showed a high receptor level. There was no locoregional relapse in 5 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy in contrast to the 2 relapses in 3 patients who underwent surgery alone. And three of the five patients who received radiotherapy suffered from systemic metastasis which suggested the important role of adjuvant chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy. In light of the encouraging results about adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment for female breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement, it would be desirable to extend this policy to male breast cancer.
Yonsei Med J 1990 Sep
PMID:Male breast cancer--a 20-year review of 16 cases at Yonsei University. 217 38

The term ductal adenoma has been recently introduced to describe a solid benign lesion of breast ducts. This study describes the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases of ductal adenoma. Ductal adenomas are usually single, occasionally multiple, lesions occupying medium- and large-sized breast ducts. They may occur in women of all ages, although the majority of patients are 60 years of age or greater. Ductal adenomas usually present clinically as breast lumps which may mimic carcinoma; less commonly, they are associated with nipple discharge. Patients in this series showed no family or previous history of breast disease and had uneventful follow-up after local excision. Despite often showing worrying pseudoinfiltration and cytologic atypia, the immunohistochemical demonstration of a myoepithelial layer and intact basement membrane around the tubules was clear evidence of the benign nature of the lesions. We conclude that most ductal adenomas evolve by sclerosis of benign intraduct papillary lesions, although processes similar to sclerosing adenosis and, possibly, duct ectasia may contribute to the pathogenesis of a proportion of cases. It is hoped that a wider appreciation of the entity of ductal adenoma will reduce the diagnostic uncertainty that continues to surround these and related lesions.
Hum Pathol 1989 Sep
PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast--a review of fifteen cases. 255 Mar 51

Four men with primary breast cancer were seen between 1972 and 1985 at the Sasebo Municipal Hospital. They were admitted complaining of breast mass and/or bloody nipple discharge. There was no delay between the onset of symptoms and seeking medical advice. They had relatively early stages of disease (three patients had stage I and one had stage II). All patients were treated by modified radical or radical mastectomy. Histopathological study revealed ductal carcinomas and no lymph node metastasis in all patients. Multiple bone metastasis and death occurred in one case. One patient (61 years old) had two separate synchronous primary cancers of the breast and stomach, which is very uncommon.
Gan No Rinsho 1986 Sep
PMID:[Four cases of male breast cancer including one synchronously combined with gastric cancer]. 302 25

Since 1977, mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main activities consist of itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplace. In addition, examinations were also carried out at a detection center. The total number of subjects examined was 90,076 in mass screening, with 4172 (4.6%) of them requiring a second examination. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in the mass screening. In contrast, it was 3.1% at the center examination. Cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 31,833 subjects. Positive findings were seen in 4 (0.004%). The incidence of smaller tumors was higher and that of nodal metastasis was lower in subsequent examinations than in the initial screening. In the high-risk group, who also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than that among general subjects examined.
Cancer 1985 Sep 15
PMID:Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening. 389 58

Twenty-four cases of a solid benign tumour of breast ducts are described, for which we propose the name 'ductal adenoma'. The lesion consists of a single nodule or multiple nodules involving medium size and small ducts, but not major subareolar ducts. It presents as a palpable lump, and is not associated with a nipple discharge. Clinically, radiologically and macroscopically, it can simulate malignancy because of its occurrence in older age groups, frequent microcalcification and the firmness and irregularity of many lesions. Fibrous sclerosis sometimes results in distortion with apparent invasion of surrounding tissue. It can be mistaken for carcinoma both on frozen and paraffin sections. Differentiation into epithelial and myoepithelial cells is the most reliable criterion in the recognition of this lesion as benign. It has microscopic affinities with ductal papilloma, on the one hand, and with salivary-type adenoma, on the other. Ductal adenoma constitutes the third major type of adenoma in the breast, in addition to the already widely recognized nipple adenoma and tubular adenoma.
J Pathol 1984 Sep
PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast: a lesion which can mimic carcinoma. 609 Jun 27

The evaluation and management of nipple discharge can be undertaken with minimal difficulty by performing a careful history and examination and following a logical thought process in linking the type of discharge with the suitable mode of treatment. In this manner, the patient's discharge can be efficiently and thoroughly evaluated.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1994 Sep
PMID:Nipple discharge. 781 6

Most patients who consult their physician for "breast lesions" do not have a malignancy of the breast. The benign lesions of the breast include fibrocystic condition, macrocyst fibroadenomas, and intraductal papillomas. Nipple discharge is a common condition, and the diagnosis and treatment is discussed. Rarer benign tumors such as adenoid tumors, lipomas, neurofibromatosis, benign fibrous histiocytoma, and glandular cell tumors are briefly discussed.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1994 Sep
PMID:Benign tumors of the breast. 781 9


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