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Query: UMLS:C0149741 (nipple discharge)
 551 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine years of experience performing cytologic examinations on expressed breast discharge has enabled the identification of precancerous and cancerous conditions of the breast. Three thousand women were monitored. The only abnormal findings were cytologic (clinical and radiological examinations were normal). One case of atypical hyperplasia, 3 cases of cancer in situ, and 2 invasive cancers were identified upon histologic examination. Three women were lost to follow-up and subsequently developed invasive cancer.
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PMID:[9 years of systematic cytologic examinations of expressed galactophorous discharge. Detection of cancerous and precancerous conditions]. 398 28

In a review of 249 office patients who complained of nipple discharge, breast nodularity and duct ectasia was the cause in three quarters. The clinical diagnosis was made by observing that more than one duct was involved and by the color of the discharge. On average, the patients were 10 years younger than those with cysts and 20 years younger than those with carcinoma. In half, the discharge could persist or recur for months or years. Nipple discharge was not commonly associated with carcinoma, and when it was, the carcinoma was almost always palpable. Nipple discharge, including bloody discharge, should be regarded as a sign of a benign breast disorder, not of breast cancer. Duct papillomas can be recognized by exploring the single profusely discharging duct, regardless of the color of the discharge. Other than patients with an obvious lump, the only patients who require surgical exploration are those with a single profusely discharging duct, not because cancer is a significant possibility but merely to rid the patient of the nuisance of the continuing discharge from a duct papilloma. Of 249 patients with nipple discharge, breast nodularity and duct ectasia was the cause in 75 percent. The median age of these patients was the mid 30s. The discharge was chronic or recurring in half. Only 4 percent of all the patients with nipple discharge had an associated breast cancer. When cancer was present, an obvious lump was usually palpable. Bloody discharge was much more likely to be associated with benign breast disorders than cancer. A single profusely discharging duct should be explored regardless of the discharge color because of the likelihood of finding a duct papilloma.
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PMID:Management of nipple discharge by clinical findings. 404 Mar 31

Mass screening for breast cancer which was commenced by Miyagi Cancer Society in 1977 has been carried out on 94953 examinees. The main activities comprise itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplaces. In addition to two types of mass screening, examination was also performed at the detection center. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in mass screening. In contrast it was 3.1% at the center. Early breast cancer, however, was more frequently found in mass screening than at the center examination. The cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 14314 subjects as first screening. Positive finding was seen in 5 (0.005%). In high risk group, which also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than that among general examinees. Method for effective procedures for detecting early breast cancer are now under study.
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PMID:[Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening in Miyagi Prefecture]. 405 14

Microscopic cancer is extremely rare even among "occult breast cancers". We treated a 70 year old woman with complaints of serosanguineous nipple discharge which yielded cytologically Class V cancer cells. Microdochectomy was performed and intraductal carcinoma was verified histologically in serially cut sections. Following a simple mastectomy, she has been well with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, at this time.
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PMID:Microscopic carcinoma of the breast--report of a case. 608

Twenty-four cases of a solid benign tumour of breast ducts are described, for which we propose the name 'ductal adenoma'. The lesion consists of a single nodule or multiple nodules involving medium size and small ducts, but not major subareolar ducts. It presents as a palpable lump, and is not associated with a nipple discharge. Clinically, radiologically and macroscopically, it can simulate malignancy because of its occurrence in older age groups, frequent microcalcification and the firmness and irregularity of many lesions. Fibrous sclerosis sometimes results in distortion with apparent invasion of surrounding tissue. It can be mistaken for carcinoma both on frozen and paraffin sections. Differentiation into epithelial and myoepithelial cells is the most reliable criterion in the recognition of this lesion as benign. It has microscopic affinities with ductal papilloma, on the one hand, and with salivary-type adenoma, on the other. Ductal adenoma constitutes the third major type of adenoma in the breast, in addition to the already widely recognized nipple adenoma and tubular adenoma.
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PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast: a lesion which can mimic carcinoma. 609 Jun 27

At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, in its Outpatient Department, 1302 breast surgical biopsies were carried out in 1978. Fibroadenomas occurred in 44.2% and benign dysplasias in 39.3%. Sixty-two cancers (4.8%) and 23 atypical hyperplasias (1.8%) were unexpected findings, with an increasing incidence in women over 50. Seventy-nine duct resections were performed for significant nipple discharge and revealed 5 unexpected carcinomas and 28 papillomas or papillomatosis. In our opinion and experience, this procedure of performing breast biopsy in the presence of a solid lump in women over 30 without hospitalization improves early detection of cancer, lowers costs, cuts down admission waiting lists and increases the number of women who better accept a surgical diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Unexpected breast cancer detection after outpatient biopsy for benign lesion. 627 86

Abnormal nipple discharge is rare, constituting only 3-5% of mammary consultation. In the present paper 267 patients with primary nipple discharge operated on at Institut Gustave-Roussay (IGR) in Villejuif, France, between January 1, 1960 and December, 1974 were evaluated. In all cases, the nipple discharge was symptomatic, spontaneous, and represented the primary reason for the patient's consultation. During the same period 1,145 cases of nipple discharge were treated at IGR. Of the 1,145 cases with symptomatic nipple discharge, 267 patients (23%) required surgical intervention. Among these, fibrocystic disease and duct ectasia were the leading causes of nipple discharge occurring in 42% of surgical specimens. Twenty one per cent of the patients had carcinoma and 35% were found to have intraductal papilloma. The overall incidence of malignancy, however, was 4.8% among the 1,145 women with nipple discharge. On the average, patients with nipple discharge due to malignancy were ten years older than those with benign lesions (Table 2). Approximately 25% of patients with malignant discharge and 5% with benign discharge have associated tumor. Over 60% of the patients with both discharge and a mass had malignancy.
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PMID:Nipple discharge from the breast. 627 58

An analysis of 270 patients undergoing microdochectomy for nipple discharge from a single identifiable duct, and without an associated lump, revealed that occult cancers were all accompanied by hemoglobin positive discharge. A simple method of detecting the presence of hemoglobin in the discharge is described. The incidence of cancer was found to be 5.9%. In order of frequency, intraduct papilloma, duct ectasia, cystic disease, and carcinoma accounted for over 90% of the cases. Six patients in whom no malignancy was seen in the microdochectomy specimen subsequently developed cancer in the ipsilateral breast. A close follow-up of all patients with hemoglobin positive discharge and in whom no cause for the discharge is demonstrated at microdochectomy is stressed.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of testing for occult blood. 629 91

In order to investigate the cytologic characteristics of breast carcinoma in nipple discharge, 190 histologically proven cases of various breast lesions from 2,723 samples of nipple discharge were studied. The general criteria of malignancy as described for other organs applied also to the breast carcinoma cells. However, the breast carcinoma cells were generally smaller and less pleomorphic than those arising from other organs. In addition to the malignant features of individual tumor cells, the presence of a spherical cell cluster with a smooth rim was also an important finding suggestive of malignancy. The diagnostic rate of breast carcinoma increased significantly when the 190 cases were reexamined on the basis of the findings of this study.
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of breast carcinoma with nipple discharge: special significance of the spherical cell cluster. 693 79

The Authors report their personal observations of nipple discharge in gynecologic patients admitted to the Obstetric and Gynecologic Department of Padua University or applying to the Senologic Diagnostic- or Endocrinology-Departments of the same. After dividing breast secretions into two groups - the neuroendocrine and the strictly mammary ones - the Authors discuss their etiopathogenesis, incidence, and clinical significance (mainly as to their possible association to breast malignancies), and present their personal results. At the end, a careful examination of all nipple discharges is recommended, which should include, besides cytological evaluation, a complete assessment of the neuroendocrine function and a watchful investigation of local breast conditions.
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PMID:Epidemiology of nipple discharge. 717 29


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