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Query: UMLS:C0149741 (nipple discharge)
 551 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From January 1982 to March 1987, an exfoliative cytological examination of abnormal nipple discharge was carried out on 790 patients. Of 22 histologically confirmed mammary carcinomas, 7 cases (31.8%) were diagnosed as positive by conventional cytologic techniques. By using the concentration method, in which the nipple secretion was collected in a series of testings that lasted 3 to 5 days and stored in a glass tube containing a fixative, the diagnostic accuracy was seen to increase significantly and 9 out of 15 malignant cases (60.0%) were accurately diagnosed as having cancer. Moreover, all 5 cases without any palpable mass were found to be positive by the smears made by this procedure.
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PMID:[A cytologic diagnosis of breast secretions--application of cytology to the mass survey of breast cancer]. 334 95

The authors, in a retrospective study, have looked at the clinical and paraclinical parameters that suggest that a cancer may be present when there is a nipple discharge. By using logistic regression on these criteria a model has been able to be constructed with four variables (bloody discharge, and associated palpable tumour, a suspicious mammographic appearance and atypical or proliferating cells in cytology). The probability of a cancer being present varies between three per thousand when none of the four variables are present to 99.1% when all four are present. A first outline of the therapy that can be used is suggested.
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PMID:[Cancer and nipple discharge]. 335 Dec 5

The cytodiagnostic significance of the clinical patterns (types and sites) of nipple discharges was studied in 5,305 cytologically examined discharges from 3,687 women in a consecutive series of 50,181 self-referred women in whom 1,062 breast cancers were detected. The clinical patterns were correlated with cytologic and histologic results in both the whole series and in 119 biopsied cases, and the relative risk of association with breast cancer was calculated for each pattern. As a whole, aside from the pattern, cases with nipple discharges showed a higher relative risk (48.5) than did asymptomatic cases, but a bloody nipple discharge was by far more frequently associated with cancer than was any other pattern, being present in 70% of the cancer cases and in almost all cancer cases with suspicious cytologic findings in the discharge smear. The presence of a nipple discharge, being associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, is an indication for a careful physical examination; systematic cytologic examination should be limited only to bloody discharges. Since cancer is rare in cases with nonbloody discharges and is difficult to detect in cytologic smears of such discharges, systematic cytologic examination of all nipple discharges would not be cost-effective.
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PMID:Significance of nipple discharge clinical patterns in the selection of cases for cytologic examination. 345 80

A 74-year old female presented a giant tumor and serosanguineous nipple discharge from the left breast. The tumor was first recognized 26 years ago, and untreated. The resected breast contained several cysts and some small white nodules. Some of the cysts contained intracystic tumors. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mixture of papillotubular carcinoma and intraductal papilloma. This case seems to represent a malignant change in intraductal papilloma from its long clinical course and by the microscopic findings. Review of this case seems to warrant clinical attention to the possibility that benign intraductal papilloma may transform itself into malignancy after many years.
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PMID:[A case of breast carcinoma, possibly the result of malignant transformation of an intraductal papilloma in a 26-year period]. 356 Apr 52

Sclerosing papillary duct hyperplasia occurs in various locations in the breast. In the nipple, the process produces a distinct clinicopathological entity referred to as nipple adenoma or florid papillomatosis (FP). Peripheral lesions have been termed radial scar and nonencapsulated sclerosing lesions. This report describes 12 women who presented with sclerosing papillary duct hyperplasia in the subareolar portion of the breast. The term subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia (SSDH) is proposed for this condition. The average age of the patients was 46 years (26-73 years). None of the lesions, which averaged 1.2 cm (0.6 to 2.0 cm), involved the nipple. All were beneath the nipple and/or areola or in the breast close to the areola. Three women had bloody nipple discharge but none had nipple erosion or other signs suggestive of Paget's disease. Five patients were well 9 months to 3 years, 9 months (average, 2 years, 7 months) after excisional biopsy. Two other patients had persistent SSDH reexcised 2 years, 6 months and 2 years, 10 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Both were well 1 year later. There is no follow up in two patients treated by excision. Three women are well after treatment by mastectomy. In one of those patients, intraductal carcinoma was found arising in SSDH. The clinical presentation of SSDH differs sufficiently from other proliferative duct lesions to warrant considering it a distinct disease process. It does not appear to be associated with a particular proclivity to evolve into carcinoma and short-term follow-up suggests that excisional biopsy is probably adequate therapy.
Cancer 1987 Jun 01
PMID:Subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia of the breast. 356 55

Since 1977 mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main activities involve itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplaces. In addition to the above two screenings, examinations were also carried out at a Detection Center. The total number of examinees was 94,593. Breast cancer was detected in 116 subjects (0.12%) during mass screening. In contrast, the rate was 3.1% at the Center examination. Early cancer was more frequently detected during mass screening. The cytologic studies of nipple discharge was performed in 14,314 subjects (15.3%). Positive findings were seen in five (0.005%). In the high risk group, the detection rate (0.35%) was higher than that (0.12%) among general examinees. The higher detection rate in the high risk group may have been due to both the high frequency of breast cancer and the detection of nonpalpable breast cancer by mammography.
Cancer Detect Prev 1987
PMID:Trial of early detection for breast cancer by itinerant mass screening. 356 19

The present investigation was undertaken to study the laterality of breast tumors on the basis of the Estonian Cancer Registry data for the period of 1968-1981 and special breast screening data for 1974-1983. The ratio of the patients with the left- and right-sided disease was 1.12 (p less than 0.001) for breast cancer, 1.75 (p less than 0.001)--for fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland, and 1.43 (p less than 0.001)--for mastodynia. Left-sided carcinoma was more common in patients with left nipple discharge which was accompanied by "early menarche" more often than discharge from the right nipple (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the patients' survival versus the laterality of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Prevalence of tumors in the left breast]. 359 Jun 67

To assess the usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) estimation in nipple discharge for the detection of nonpalpable breast cancer, CEA activity in nipple discharge was measured by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibody. The specificity of the antibody for breast cancer was assessed by an immunohistochemical method. Mean CEA levels in the nipple discharge from 18 patients with benign breast diseases (ten intraductal papilloma; eight fibrocystic disease) was 43 ng/ml (SD, 34 ng/ml), suggesting an upper reference limit of 100 ng/ml. Six of seven nonpalpable breast cancer patients had higher CEA levels than this tentative cutoff value, as did three of five patients with borderline lesions. The incidence of elevated CEA levels in nipple discharge correlated significantly with the incidence of intratumoral antigen expression. These results lead us to conclude that CEA measurement in nipple discharge may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer.
Cancer 1987 Dec 15
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen estimation in nipple discharge as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of early breast cancer. 367 24

Since 1977, mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main activities consist of itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplace. In addition, examinations were also carried out at a detection center. The total number of subjects examined was 90,076 in mass screening, with 4172 (4.6%) of them requiring a second examination. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in the mass screening. In contrast, it was 3.1% at the center examination. Cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 31,833 subjects. Positive findings were seen in 4 (0.004%). The incidence of smaller tumors was higher and that of nodal metastasis was lower in subsequent examinations than in the initial screening. In the high-risk group, who also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than that among general subjects examined.
Cancer 1985 Sep 15
PMID:Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening. 389 58

The systematic collection of breast secretions by manual expression of the breast and nipple in 2 120 patients examined for breast diseases has led to the following results: 529 (25%) disclose epithelial papillary hyperplasia, 136 of which underwent surgical control. Epithelial hyperplasia without cellular atypias was found in 9 fibroadenomas, 42 fibrocystic diseases, 29 papilloma/papillomatosis and 21 cancers. Atypical or malignant hyperplasia was observed in 42 cases. Out of 60 cancers, thus investigated, 31 (51%) had malignant cells in such induced nipple discharge, 8 (13%) atypical cells and 21 (35%) concomitant papillary hyperplasia. Systematic cytological examination of breast secretion allows to control intraductal epithelial hyperplasia and to eventually disclose malignant tumor.
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PMID:[Importance of the systematic cytologic examination of breast secretions: 60 cancers diagnosed in 2120 discharges examined]. 396 75


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