Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149521 (chronic pancreatitis)
 7,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A fluorometric immunoassay has been established to quantitate pancreatic stone protein providing a sensitivity for concentrations from 0.015 to 0.5 micrograms/mL. When concentrations of pancreatic stone protein were determined from pancreatic secretions obtained either from patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (n = 31) [including the calcifying forms (n = 10)], pancreatic cancer (n = 22), or nonpancreatic diseases (n = 17), no significant differences were found. In contrast, increased concentrations were found in serum samples from patients with chronic (39/66) and acute pancreatitis (16/20) compared with control patients. The differences between these diagnostic groups and controls were highly significant (P less than 0.0001) and independent of pancreatic enzyme activity. Immunochemical analyses of serum pancreatic stone protein showed an isoelectric point (pH 9) similar to that reported for the pancreatic thread protein. With respect to recent communications, these data do not support the etiopathogenic role postulated for pancreatic stone protein in chronic pancreatitis and chronic calcifying pancreatitis by other investigators.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization and quantitative distribution of pancreatic stone protein in sera and pancreatic secretions in pancreatic disorders. 188 8

Pancreatic calculi, once considered pathologic and even "reportable," are frequently observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. They are not to be considered pathognomonic of chronic alcoholism, because they are frequently observed in other types of chronic pancreatitis, such as the tropical, Afro-Asian, hereditary, idiopathic, and senile varieties. The widely recognized concept that appearance of calculi indicates the end stage of the disease is challenged in this article. The subject of pancreatic lithogenesis is controversial, but pancreatic stone protein has been extensively studied by one major group. Techniques to remove calculi by endoscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are available, but it is not clear whether they serve only a cosmetic purpose or actually help in alleviating pain and arresting the progress of disease.
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PMID:Pancreatic stones. 226 23

There are two different forms of chronic pancreatitis: one is obstructive pancreatitis which results from a pre-existing obstacle (usually a tumour or a scar) and the other, much more frequent, is chronic calcifying pancreatitis which seems to begin with the formation of precipitates in acini and ducts, later transformed into stones and calcifications made up of calcium carbonate, and therefore is a pancreatic lithiasis. Since the pancreatic juice is supersaturated in calcium carbonate, the presence of an inhibitor of crystallization must be postulated. This has now been identified as a 13500 daltons molecular weight protein: the pancreatic stone protein secreted by the acinar cells. This protein is decreased in chronic calcifying pancreatitis irrespective of its origin (alcoholic, hereditary, hypercalcaemic, tropical, idiopathic), although its reduction is unrelated to any of these aetiological factors. Chronic alcohol consumption may encourage calcium stone formation possibly by disturbing the cholinergic regulation of pancreatic secretion, with decrease in citrate secretion (citrate is a chelator of calcium) and increase in enzyme secretion. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings are already obvious.
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PMID:[Chronic calcifying pancreatitis, pancreatic calculi. New data]. 293 79

The most current form of chronic pancreatitis, i.e. chronic calcifying pancreatitis, is often related to nutritional causes. This disease is characterized by formation within the pancreatic ducts and the lumina of accini of precipitates and calculi composed of calcium carbonate and of a newly discovered protein, the pancreatic stone protein (PSP). The formation of precipitates depends on two mechanisms: (1) a non etiological disorder reducing the secretion of PSP. This small phosphoglycoprotein is a calcium stabilizer which prevents the crystallization of calcium carbonate in a super saturated solution such as pancreatic juice, (2) modifications of the pancreatic juice related to the cause of the disease. In Occidental countries the main etiological factor is alcohol consumption associated with protein-and-fat-rich or fat-poor diets. Like hypercalcaemia, another cause of the disease, a chronic consumption of alcohol increases the pancreatic secretion of secretory proteins (enzymes) via its action on the cholinergic nerves. In some tropical countries, chronic pancreatitis is observed in children and associated to malnutrition. However, according to recent studies neither kwashiorkor nor manioc consumption seem to be responsible for the occurrence of this disease.
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PMID:[Etiopathogenesis of chronic nutritional pancreatitis]. 330 3

In recent studies performed on pancreatic stones from patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, a novel secretory protein was identified: the pancreatic stone protein (PSP Mr 14,000). This protein suppresses CaCO3 precipitation, and could therefore stabilize normally supersaturated pancreatic juice. Crystallographic analysis of stones from patients with nutritional pancreatitis (NP), as well as alcoholic pancreatitis (AP), revealed that the main constituent was calcite (CaCO3). In the present study, we investigated the organic matrix of NP stones. In the 14 cases studied, the organic matrix was rendered soluble after mineral dissolution with EDTA + citrate. Analysis of the isolated matrix revealed the presence of one major protein (Mr 14,000), and of a minor protein (Mr 30,000), which is in fact an aggregate form of the 14,000 Mr protein. Using PSP antibodies, complete immunological identity was found between PSP, the immunoreactive form of PSP present in nonactivated pancreatic juice, and the protein matrix of NP stones. Moreover, protein matrix of NP stones also inhibited the nucleation of CaCO3 crystal, and decreased their growth rate in vitro. The presence of PSP in all AP and NP stones suggests that it plays a key role in stone formation during the course of chronic pancreatitis. These results also suggest the existence of some pathophysiological links between these two apparently different etiological forms of calcifying pancreatitis.
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PMID:Organic matrix of pancreatic stones associated with nutritional pancreatitis. 338 20

Recently, in our laboratory, a protein extracted from human pancreatic stones was characterized and purified and a specific antibody was obtained. This pancreatic stone protein (PSP) was shown to have an inhibitory effect on the CaCO3 crystal growth in vitro. The cellular origin of such a protein and its repartition along the digestive tract were studied by immunolocalization (protein A-colloidal gold method) at the ultrastructural level. Surgical biopsies of pancreata from normal or chronic pancreatitis patients, needle liver biopsies, gastric mucosa, and jejunum and duodenum biopsies were minced and fixed in the Karnovsky medium or in buffered 4% paraformaldehyde. The specimens were washed in buffer, dehydrated through ethanol, and embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, collected on uncoated nickel grids, were submitted to the following reactives at room temperature: protein A 1 mg/ml, anti-PSP (1:2 to 1:100), and protein A-colloidal gold. The specificity of the localization was checked by substituting buffer or nonimmune rabbit serum to anti-PSP. The stone protein was markedly present in the zymogen granules and condensing vacuoles of the normal pancreatic acinar cells, the label was found in the acinar and ductal lumen. In chronic pancreatitis, the localization of PSP, when it occurred, was extremely weak in the acinar cells. No PSP was specifically characterized in hepatocytes, gastric mucosa, and enterocytes. However, a weak but specific reaction was found in the secretory granules of Paneth cells. These results in pancreas confirm the acinar secretory origin of the PSP and are in good agreement with its possible function in stabilizing pancreatic juice in vivo, which is normally supersaturated in calcium carbonate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic stone protein in the human digestive tract. 355 Jul 81

The first lesion of chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP), the most frequent form of chronic pancreatitis is the formation in the ducts of plugs build up of protein and calcium carbonate which are at the origin of pancreatic calculi. Pancreatic juice is supersaturated in calcium carbonate. A novel protein, the pancreatic stone protein (PSP) has been purified from human pancreatic juice and its amino-acid composition has been determined. It is biosynthesized in the acinar cell as well as enzymes. PSP prevents the formation of calcium carbonate crystals in a supersaturated solution. Its secretion is decreased in patients presenting with CCP. It is proposed that this decrease plays an important part in the pathogenesis of CCP.
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PMID:[Pancreatic lithogenesis]. 396 39

Lactoferrin and pancreatic stone protein (PSP) are thought to be closely related to pancreatic stone formation in chronic pancreatitis. However, the results reported so far have not been conclusive. To reevaluate the pathological importance of PSP in chronic pancreatitis, compared to lactoferrin, levels of PSP were determined by applying an immunoassay specific to PSP to pure pancreatic juice taken from a total of 52 patients. The patients consisted of 16 controls, 19 chronic pancreatitis patients (13 noncalcified and 6 calcified), and 17 probable cases of pancreatitis. The monoclonal antibody PSP antagonist used in the study recognizes both forms of the protein, PSP S1 and S2-5, with equal effectiveness. No significant reduction of PSP was observed in either calcified (mean +/- SEM, 111 +/- 30 micrograms/mg and 24 +/- 3 micrograms/mg protein) or noncalcified (305 +/- 133 and 97 +/- 47) chronic pancreatitis patients compared with controls (85 +/- 23 and 34 +/- 16). PSP levels did not decrease, at least not in the complete forms of the protein found in chronic pancreatitis. PSP antibody and assay results indicated that a reduction of PSP S2-5 alone could not be ruled out in chronic pancreatitis either.
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PMID:Pancreatic stone protein and lactoferrin in human pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis. 771 37

Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) has been argued to play a crucial role in intraductal pancreatic stone formation in chronic pancreatitis. PSP was initially reported to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation from human pancreatic juice and to be decreased in pancreatic secretions from patients with chronic pancreatitis. Recent clinical investigations have further demonstrated elevation of PSP in the serum and urine of patients with renal disease as well as pancreatic disease. However, the PSP reduction in pancreatic secretion in chronic pancreatitis remains controversial. Therefore, we review the current concept of PSP.
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PMID:Current status of pancreatic stone protein. 789 66

Protein plug obstruction of the pancreatic duct is one of the early events in chronic pancreatitis yet little is known about its pathogenesis. GP2, a protein in the exocrine pancreas, is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is cleaved from the zymogen granule membrane and secreted into pancreatic juice. Since its homologue, uromodulin, is involved in renal cast formation, we asked the question whether GP2 might play a similar role in plug formation in chronic pancreatitis. The protein composition of intraductal plugs from patients with noncalcific chronic pancreatitis was examined. Plugs purified from pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A 97-kD protein was found not only to be a reproducible constituent but also enriched within intraductal plugs. This protein was confirmed as GP2 by its localization to zymogen granule membranes, its isoelectric point, and by Western blotting. Although the pancreatic stone protein was identified in plugs, it was not a major reproducible component. These results demonstrate that GP2 is an integral component of plugs in pancreatic juice and suggest that GP2 may play a role in pancreatic plug formation that is analogous to the role played by uromodulin in the pathogenesis of renal casts.
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PMID:GP2, the homologue to the renal cast protein uromodulin, is a major component of intraductal plugs in chronic pancreatitis. 832 20


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