Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149521 (chronic pancreatitis)
 7,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 22 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 16 patients with pancreas neoplasms gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alanine arylamidase (AAP) in serum were measured and the isoenzymes were determined by gel electrophoresis on Agar. No specific isoenzyme pattern was found for chronic pancreatic diseases in a comparative investigation with a group of 19 patients suffering from hepatobiliary diseases. Two fractions of AAP and GGTP isoenzymes were found on agar gel electrophoresis: alpha-1 and alpha-2 (GGTP between alpha-2 and beta-globulin). The alpha-1 fraction of AAP and GGTP seems to be a specific liver isoenzyme. The slower fraction of both enzymes was also found in chronic pancreatic diseases and cholestatic diseases as in neoplasms of liver, pancreas and biliary tract. Practical importance of the findings is diminished by large variation coefficients of the results. A significantly low ratio of alpha-1 to alpha-2 fraction (or beta-globulin) on electrophoresis of the isoenzymes of AAP and GGTP was found in the group with neoplasm of pancreas (especially neoplasm of the pancreas head) as compared to the group with intrahepatic cholestasis. The possible causes and diagnostic importance of the findings are discussed.
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PMID:[Isoenzymes of alanine arylamidase (AAP, EC 3.4.11.2) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP, EC 2.3.2.2) in chronic pancreatitis and pancreas neoplasm (author's transl)]. 23 68

The usefulness of serum DU-PAN-2 in diagnosing pancreatic cancer and in distinguishing between this cancer and other benign and malignant diseases, and to assess the role of liver dysfunction in altering the serum levels of this marker were investigated. DU-PAN-2 was measured in the sera of 31 patients with pancreatic cancer, 32 with chronic pancreatitis, 20 with benign and 21 with malignant extra-pancreatic diseases. DU-PAN-2 was found to be above 300 U ml-1 in 21/31 patients with pancreatic cancer (sensitivity 68%). Only 3/32 patients with chronic pancreatitis had abnormal values. A substantial number of patients with both benign and malignant extra-pancreatic diseases had an elevated serum DU-PAN-2 (9/20 and 15/21, respectively). Correlations were found between DU-PAN-2 and (1) total bilirubin, (2) alanine-amino-transferase and (3) alkaline phosphatase. Of the patients with high DU-PAN-2 values, jaundice was found in: 2/3 with chronic pancreatitis, 9/10 with benign and 12/14 with malignant extra-pancreatic diseases. In conclusion, the serum DU-PAN-2 test for pancreatic malignancy is not completely satisfactory, because it is not sensitive enough. While the test for chronic pancreatitis has an acceptable specificity, the assay cannot distinguish between pancreatic cancer and other extra-pancreatic diseases, mainly of the liver and biliary tract. Liver dysfunction as well as jaundice seem to considerable affect the levels of this marker, as reported elsewhere for CA 19-9.
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PMID:Serum DU-PAN-2 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: influence of jaundice and liver dysfunction. 200 87

In order to ascertain the clinical usefulness of CA 19-9 in detecting pancreatic cancer in comparison with CEA, and to verify the influence of age and liver dysfunction on serum levels of these two antigens, serum CA 19-9 and CEA were assessed in 32 control subjects, 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 26 with chronic pancreatitis and 43 with gastrointestinal extra-pancreatic diseases. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CA 19-9 and CEA in detecting pancreatic cancer were: 69% and 44%, 91% and 75%, 60% and 19% respectively. Linear correlations were observed between the age of the subjects on the one hand and CA 19-9 or CEA on the other. Significant relationships were also noticed between alanine-amino-transferase or bilirubin serum levels and CA 19-9 values. Serum CA 19-9 seems to be a better diagnostic tool than CEA in the assessment of pancreatic cancer; nevertheless the influence of liver dysfunction and age to some extent limits the diagnostic value of CA 19-9.
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PMID:Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pancreatic cancer. Role of age and liver dysfunction. 353 Mar 54

Plasma immunoreactive glucagon, C-peptide and substrates (glucose, lactate, and alanine) were measured in 21 pancreatectomized patients and 28 patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis during arginine infusion. Results were compared with those obtained in control and in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, and in pancreatectomized subjects receiving a combined infusion of glucagon and arginine or somatostatin and arginine. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon in the pancreatectomized patients was 230 +/- 26 pg/ml (control subjects 100 +/- 13 pg/ml, p less than 0.001), but was unchanged following arginine or somatostatin. Following ethanol extraction of plasma it became undetectable. Similar results were obtained in patients with chronic pancreatitis. In contrast to the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, no changes in blood glucose, lactate, and alanine concentrations were found during arginine infusion in the pancreatectomized or pancreatitis patients. Addition of glucagon restored the metabolic response to arginine in the pancreatectomized patients. Our results confirm previous smaller studies that in pancreatectomized patients, A cell function is absent or insignificant.
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PMID:Absence of islet alpha cell function in pancreatectomized patients. 612 Aug 75

A simple breath test was developed for assessment of exocrine pancreatic function employing 13C-dipeptide [ie, benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-[1-(13)C]alanine (Bz-Tyr-Ala)], and this test was examined to determine whether it can be used to diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The subjects, 24 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 16 healthy adult controls, underwent the Bz-Tyr-Ala breath test, in which breath samples were collected every 10 min up to 90 min after oral administration of an aqueous solution of 5-mg/kg Bz-Tyr-Ala (7 mM). They also underwent a breath test with [1-(13)C]alanine equimolar to that contained in Bz-Tyr-Ala and the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) test. Delta13CO2 values at 10-60 min for the Bz-Tyr-Ala breath test were significantly lower in chronic pancreatitis patients than in normal controls. However, the [1-(13)C]alanine breath test results did not differ between patients and normal controls. The correlation coefficient between the Bz-Tyr-Ala breath test Delta13CO2 value at 20 min, and the results of the BT-PABA test were r=0.726 (r2=0.527, P<0.0001). The results suggest that this newly developed Bz-Tyr-Ala breath test can quickly and noninvasively diagnose the exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
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PMID:Measurement of extra-pancreatic secretory function by 13C-dipeptide breath test. 1754 47

Chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for the development of chronic pancreatitis. However, chronic pancreatitis occurs only in a minority of heavy drinkers. This variability may be due to yet unidentified genetic factors. Several enzymes involved in the degradation of reactive oxidants and xenobiotics, such as glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) reveal functional polymorphisms that affect the antioxidative capacity and may therefore modulate the development of chronic pancreatitis and long-term complications like endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Two functional polymorphisms of the MnSOD and the GSTP1 gene were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 165 patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, 140 alcoholics without evidence of pancreatic disease and 160 healthy control subjects. The distribution of GSTP1 and MnSOD genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the total cohort. Genotype and allele frequencies for both genes were not statistically different between the three groups. Although genotype MnSOD Ala/Val was seemingly associated with the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, this subgroup was too small and the association statistically underpowered. None of the tested genotypes affected the development of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Polymorphisms of MnSOD and GSTP1 are not associated with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. The present data emphasize the need for stringently designed candidate gene association studies with well-characterized cases and controls and sufficient statistical power to exclude chance observations.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphisms of manganese-superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. 1754 64

The metabolic profiles of Sprague-Dawley rat pancreases were investigated by high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) combined with principal components analysis (PCA) to discriminate pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis. Intact pancreatic tissue samples were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats with histologically proven pancreatic cancer (n = 5), chronic pancreatitis (n = 5), and two matched controls (n = 5 per group). Two (1)H NMR experiments, single-pulse and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, were carried out separately. Increases in phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine levels and decreases in leucine, isoleucine, valine, lactate and alanine levels were observed in chronic pancreatitis, whereas the opposite trends were observed in pancreatic cancer. Increasing taurine and decreasing betaine were found both in chronic pancreatitis and in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, the lipid content in pancreatic cancer was higher than that in chronic pancreatitis. PCA was carried out for the single-pulse and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (1)H NMR spectra, respectively, to visualize separation among the samples and to extract characteristic metabolites of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Decreased phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine were suggested as unique metabolite indicators of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, even with the disturbance of various quantities of lipid contents pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis could be differentiated well by the combination of high-resolution magic angle spinning (1)H NMR and PCA. Thus this combination was demonstrated to have the potential to improve magnetic resonance spectroscopy for positive early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in clinical settings.
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PMID:Discrimination of metabolic profiles of pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis by high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and principal components analysis. 1772 83

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mutations implicated in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, pancreatitis and idiopathic epilepsy syndrome map to an extended arginine-rich region in the proximal carboxyl terminus. Arginine-rich motifs mediate endoplasmic reticulum retention and/or retrieval of multisubunit proteins so we asked whether these mutations, R886P, R896H or R898Q, altered CaSR targeting to the plasma membrane. Targeting was enhanced by all three mutations, and Ca(2+)-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased for R896H and R898Q. To define the role of the extended arginine-rich region in CaSR trafficking, we independently determined the contributions of R890/R891 and/or R896/K897/R898 motifs by mutation to alanine. Disruption of the motif(s) significantly increased surface expression and function relative to wt CaSR. The arginine-rich region is flanked by phosphorylation sites at S892 (protein kinase C) and S899 (protein kinase A). The phosphorylation state of S899 regulated recognition of the arginine-rich region; S899D showed increased surface localization. CaSR assembles in the endoplasmic reticulum as a covalent disulfide-linked dimer and we determined whether retention requires the presence of arginine-rich regions in both subunits. A single arginine-rich region within the dimer was sufficient to confer intracellular retention comparable to wt CaSR. We have identified an extended arginine-rich region in the proximal carboxyl terminus of CaSR (residues R890 - R898) which fosters intracellular retention of CaSR and is regulated by phosphorylation. Mutation(s) identified in chronic pancreatitis and idiopathic epilepsy syndrome therefore increase plasma membrane targeting of CaSR, likely contributing to the altered Ca(2+) signaling characteristic of these diseases.
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PMID:Calcium sensing receptor mutations implicated in pancreatitis and idiopathic epilepsy syndrome disrupt an arginine-rich retention motif. 2079 21