Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0149521 (chronic pancreatitis)
 7,199 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Premalignant conditions of the pancreas include benign tumours of the pancreas, intraepithelial neoplasia arising within pancreatic ducts, and tumours of the neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas. In addition, there is a variety of rare genetic conditions that predispose to pancreatic exocrine malignancies such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, familial pancreatitis, germline BRCA2 mutations, and pancreatic endocrine malignancies such as type 1 neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. More controversial is the concept of chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus as conditions that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. However, there is no doubt that smoking is a potentiating factor for pancreatic cancer, especially in people who have familial/genetic risk factors. This review will include the recently proposed new nomenclature and classification system for intraepithelial neoplasia in the pancreatic ducts, an overview of the various familial syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic tumours, the surveillance programmes that have been introduced to monitor such families, and methods for early diagnosis.
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PMID:Premalignant conditions of the pancreas. 1255 88

The parathyroid glands are the main regulator of plasma calcium and have a direct influence on the digestive tract. Parathyroid disturbances often result in unknown long-standing symptoms. The main manifestation of hypoparathyroidism is steatorrhea due to a deficit in exocrine pancreas secretion. The association with celiac sprue may contribute to malabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism causes smooth-muscle atony, with upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, heartburn and constipation. Hyperparathyroidism and peptic ulcer were strongly linked before the advent of proton pump inhibitors. Nowadays, this association remains likely only in the particular context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In contrast to chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis due to primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most studied topics. The causative effect of high calcium level is confirmed and the distinction from secondary hyperparathyroidism is mandatory. The digestive manifestations of parathyroid malfunction are often overlooked and serum calcium level must be included in the routine workup for abdominal symptoms.
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PMID:Digestive manifestations of parathyroid disorders. 2203 19