Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149520 (acute cholecystitis)
 2,784 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients are often referred for evaluation of a wide range of GI complaints including dysphagia, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, constipation or diarrhoea. Many are diagnosed with 'functional' disease when endoscopy or conventional radiological studies fail to identify an anatomic cause for the patient's symptoms. In such cases nuclear medicine offers non-invasive methods for objectively demonstrating disease involving different areas of the gastrointestinal tract. Increasingly scintigraphy is playing a primary role in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis, active gastrointestinal bleeding, gastroparesis, and small and large bowel motility disorders. In addition, it supplements other studies when results are inconclusive in diagnosing oesophageal dysmotility, gastro-oesophageal reflux, acalculous cholecystitis, and postoperative complications of gastrointestinal surgery.
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PMID:Current applicability of scintigraphic methods in gastroenterology. 777 16

We encountered a patient with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection and secondary hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The patient was a 79-year-old woman with hypertension, constipation, and asymptomatic cholelithiasis. She complained of nausea and abdominal pain, and had bloody stool EHEC O157 was detected by fecal culture. The bloody stool resolved after treatment with antibiotics, but the patient was hospitalized on July 23, 1996 because of abdominal distention. HUS was diagnosed because of proteinuria, hematuria, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, fragmentation of red blood cells, and increased serum LDH. Treatment was focused on plasma exchange, administration of antibiotics, large doses of gamma-globulin, haptoglobin replacement, and anticoagulation. Within about 2 weeks, the level of hemoglobin, the number of platelets, and the serum LDH had normalized, and the patient recovered from HUS. The decreased intestinal movement continued. On August 23, acute cholecystitis was diagnosed, and percutaneous transhepatic gall bladder drainage was done. Another exacerbation was noted on October 13, and cholecystectomy was done on November 12, when the patient's status had improved after instillation of antibiotics. Macroscopically, the gallbladder wall was thickened. Histopathological examination showed diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes into the mucosa, chronic cholecystitis was diagnosed. Because the postoperative course was satisfactory, the patient was discharged from the hospital on December 15. Acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis might have been caused by decreased cholic excretion after the marked decrease in intestinal movement due to O157 infection and secondary HUS. Because elderly people frequently have anamnesis of the digestive system, considerably attention should be paid to the management of anamnesis, as well as O157 infection and secondary HUS.
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PMID:[Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 infection in an elderly patient with secondary hemolytic uremic syndrome who developed recurrent acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis]. 977 57

Bixalomer is a nonabsorbable polymer that binds phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract and lowers the serum phosphate level by inhibiting phosphate absorption. The safety and efficacy of long-term bixalomer treatment were assessed in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. This was a multicenter open-label study with a 48-week treatment period. The main efficacy endpoints were the serum phosphate level and rate of achieving the target serum phosphate range (3.5-6.0 mg/dL). Bixalomer was initiated at a dose of 1.5 g/day, which was increased to a maximum of 7.5 g/day depending on the serum phosphate response. Of 248 subjects who started treatment, 179 completed the study. The mean serum phosphate level decreased over time and remained around 5.5 mg/dL from weeks 16 to 48. The target serum phosphate level was reached in >50% of subjects by week 7 and was maintained in 65.2% to 75.9% until week 48. The incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions was 94.4% and 29.4%, respectively. There was a potential relationship with the study drug for four serious adverse events (ischemic colitis, hemorrhagic intestinal diverticulum, esophageal ulcer, and acute cholecystitis), which occurred in one patient each. Constipation was the most common adverse drug reaction (21.0%). Most adverse events and adverse drug reactions occurred soon after starting administration, and their incidence did not increase during long-term treatment. Bixalomer did not reduce the bicarbonate level or promote metabolic acidosis. Bixalomer is clinically useful for the long-term treatment of hyperphosphatemia.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of hyperphosphatemia with bixalomer in Japanese hemodialysis patients. 2433 May 56

Chilaiditi sign is the incidental radiologic finding of intestinal interposition between the liver and diaphragm, whereas Chilaiditi syndrome describes the presence of accompanying clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, and respiratory distress. We describe a case of radiotracer accumulation over the liver dome on Tc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scan performed on a 72-year-old man with acute cholecystitis mimicking a bile leak. However, chest radiograph and CT revealed intestinal hepatodiaphragmatic interposition. This case illustrates the importance of being familiar with the scintigraphic appearance of the Chilaiditi sign and correlating abnormal nuclear medicine scan findings with other available radiologic modalities.
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PMID:Chilaiditi Sign on 99mTc-Mebrofenin Hepatobiliary Scan Mimicking Bile Leak in Acute Cholecystitis. 2685 14