Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149520 (acute cholecystitis)
 2,784 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand the surgical approach to acute abdominal pain, the internist must be familiar with common presentations of most abdominal emergencies; these emergencies include acute appendicitis, acute gall bladder disease (biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, and acute pancreatitis), ischemic bowel disease and ischemic colitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and intestinal obstruction. Nothing compares to experience; this article reviews the salient points that deserve consideration.
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PMID:An internist's approach to acute abdominal pain. 837 23

A major gastrointestinal complication after transperitoneal aortic surgery, though unusual, may be disastrous. We determined retrospectively the risk factors, associated events, and outcomes of gastrointestinal complications that developed after transperitoneal aortic revascularization to treat aneurysmal or occlusive disease over a 10-year period. Among 750 patients reviewed, gastrointestinal complications developed postoperatively in 65 of them (8.6%), including paralytic ileus in 35 patients, gastrointestinal bleeding and mechanical ileus in 6 patients each, colonic necrosis in 2, ischemic colitis and diarrhea in 10, acute cholecystitis in 2, ascites in 1, as well as aortoduodenal fistula, which developed about 2 months postoperatively in 3 patients. Five of the patients died of multiorgan failure. Mean stay in the intensive care unit was 3 days, and hospital stay ranged from 15 to 60 days. No risk factors were identified for the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications. These results show that gastrointestinal complications after transperitoneal aortic surgery prolong hospital stay and may have serious consequences.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications after transperitoneal abdominal aortic surgery. 1269 13

Sickle cell disease is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive painful crises. The vascular occlusion in sickle cell disease is a complex process and accounts for the majority of the clinical manifestation of the disease. Abdominal pain is an important component of vaso-occlusive painful crises. It often represents a substantial diagnostic challenge in this population of patients. These episodes are often attributed to micro-vessel occlusion and infarcts of mesentery and abdominal viscera. Abdominal pain due to sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis is often indistinguishable from an acute intra-abdominal disease process such as acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, hepatic infarction, ischemic colitis and acute appendicitis. In the majority of cases, however, no specific cause is identified and spontaneous resolution occurs. This chapter will focus on etiologies, pathophysiology and management of abdominal pain in patients with sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Unusual causes of abdominal pain: sickle cell anemia. 1583 95

Bixalomer is a nonabsorbable polymer that binds phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract and lowers the serum phosphate level by inhibiting phosphate absorption. The safety and efficacy of long-term bixalomer treatment were assessed in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. This was a multicenter open-label study with a 48-week treatment period. The main efficacy endpoints were the serum phosphate level and rate of achieving the target serum phosphate range (3.5-6.0 mg/dL). Bixalomer was initiated at a dose of 1.5 g/day, which was increased to a maximum of 7.5 g/day depending on the serum phosphate response. Of 248 subjects who started treatment, 179 completed the study. The mean serum phosphate level decreased over time and remained around 5.5 mg/dL from weeks 16 to 48. The target serum phosphate level was reached in >50% of subjects by week 7 and was maintained in 65.2% to 75.9% until week 48. The incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions was 94.4% and 29.4%, respectively. There was a potential relationship with the study drug for four serious adverse events (ischemic colitis, hemorrhagic intestinal diverticulum, esophageal ulcer, and acute cholecystitis), which occurred in one patient each. Constipation was the most common adverse drug reaction (21.0%). Most adverse events and adverse drug reactions occurred soon after starting administration, and their incidence did not increase during long-term treatment. Bixalomer did not reduce the bicarbonate level or promote metabolic acidosis. Bixalomer is clinically useful for the long-term treatment of hyperphosphatemia.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of hyperphosphatemia with bixalomer in Japanese hemodialysis patients. 2433 May 56