Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of complicated pneumonia in children diffuse inflammatory infiltrations with the risk of durable destruction of lung parenchyma are confirmed clinically and radiologically. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the general health state and respiratory problems in 55 children who had been earlier hospitalized for pneumonia with signs of localized changes and severe symptoms. The evaluation was done 2-10 years after the onset of the disease. In 89.1% of children a planned treatment was continued after hospital discharge. The period of recovery lasted over 6 weeks in 50.8% of examined children, and it was shorter than 2 weeks only in 23.6% of children. The relapses of the lower respiratory tract inflammation occurred in 43.6% of children in the form of bronchitis and in 9.1% of children a recurrent pneumonia was diagnosed. Only 12.7% of children needed subsequent hospitalization for respiratory problems. In 34.5% of children a limitation of physical activity was noted. 40 children underwent a functional examination of the respiratory system. In this group 35% of children ventilation problems of restrictive character were stated, whereas in 17.5% spirometry revealed bronchial obstruction. Presented results suggest the necessity of the specialistIc care of children after severe pneumonia including the monitoring of clinical and spirometric parameters of respiratory function and adequate rehabilitation.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2001
PMID:[Respiratory problems in children after severe pneumonia]. 1157

The evolution of the respiratory symptoms in school children hampers the interpretation of epidemiologic findings concerning potential risk factors. It is thus important to identify prognostic factors that predict symptoms' persistence or remission. A seven-year follow-up of 663 children showed that half of them experience the remission of cough, chest wheeze and attacks of dyspnea. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the persistence of cough is more likely to occur in children with a history of spastic bronchitis (logOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-7.1) and the presence of coal-stove in kitchen (logOR = 3.1: 95% CI: 1.4-6.9). The probability of persistence of wheeze depends on history of bronchitis (logOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4-11.4), history of parental asthma(logOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.1-25.2) and diagnosis of pollen sensitivity (logOR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.2-12.9). On the other hand the persistence of attack of dyspnea was associated with a shortness of breath on exertion(logOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 1.5-16.8). The results of the study confirm an important role of medical history in the assessment of prognosis of the respiratory health status in children.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2001
PMID:[Predictors of persistence of remission of the respiratory symptoms in school children]. 1192 61

In the first part of our editorial we reviewed the possible factors responsible for mucus hypersecretion in acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. The present paper presents the results of studies proving, that mucolytics are useful in adjunctive therapy of respiratory tract disorders. Mucolytic agents such as Ambroxol and N-acetylcysteine are able to alter the secretion of mucus and its physical properties which results in improvement of mucociliary clearance. Current evidence indicate, that these drugs are effective, especially in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and acute bronchitis. They produce a modest improvement in symptom control and lung function. It has been demonstrated that there is a synergism between mucolytics and antibiotics in the treatment of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Moreover, they act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Ambroxol is able to inhibit mediator release involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. As mucolytics are cheap and well-tolerated they are beneficial in the therapy of patients suffering from respiratory tract disorders.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2002 Mar
PMID:[Mucolytics in acute and chronic respiratory tract disorders. II. Uses for treatment and antioxidant properties]. 1205 1

Among 3498 patients with hemoptysis 513 had normal chest x-ray picture. Bronchoscopy performed in all these patients allowed to recognise malignant neoplasms of the lungs, trachea and pharynx in 109 patients. In 222 patients--nonspecific bronchitis and in 46--tuberculosis were recognised. In 86 patients diagnosis was not established.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2001
PMID:[Frequency and causes of hemoptysis and role of bronchoscopy in patients with normal chest roentgenogram hospitalized in the Department of Physiopneumonology Silesian Medical University in the years 1961-1996]. 1213 43

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of brachytherapy on the prognosis in advanced NSCLC, elaboration of clinical criteria useful in patients qualification to brachytherapy and the radiation method optimization. Between January 1994 and June 1998, 325 patients with symptomatic inoperable endobronchial obstructing lung cancer received brachytherapy alone or combined with external beam irradiation with palliative or radical intent. Patients were given 1 to 4 temporary Ir-192 endobronchial implants at the site of obstruction. Implant doses ranged from 6 to 12 Gy specified at a radius of 1 cm from the centre of the source. Total implant doses ranged from 6 to 24 Gy. Depending on radical or palliative intents external beam irradiation doses ranged from 20 to 60 Gy. The results were compared with results achieved in control group (N = 191) treated exclusively with external beam irradiation. Patients who received combined treatment revealed higher frequency of release or disappearance of hemoptysis, dysponea and atelectasis. Also the duration of clinical remission was significantly longer with combined treatment. In the group treated with radical intent higher percentage of patients with total tumor regression in both endoscopic and radiologic view was observed after tele--and brachytherapy compared with teleradiotherapy alone (respectively 29.8% and 19.4%). The group treated with palliative intent brachytherapy alone provided response rates comparable to those achieved with external beam irradiation alone or tele and brachytherapy. The relative risk of fatal pulmonary haemorrhage (FPH) and radiation induced bronchitis (RIB) were higher when NTD > 70 Gy, brachytherapy and laser therapy were administered and in patients with lobar bronchus infiltration. Knowledge of risk doses of FPA and RIB allow to optimise brachytherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2002
PMID:[The role of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. 1251 25

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children. The prevalence of asthma among adult and children has systematically increased for the last thirty years. It was hypothesized that atopy was a strong background predisposing to asthma. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of atopy in children suffering from asthma. Two groups of children were examined. The study group consisted of 24 children aged 3-7 suffering from asthma and 26 children with bronchitis. Data about each patient's personal and family allergic history were collected. Each child had skin prick tests with common allergens made, total and specific IgE level was measured and blood eosinophil count and spirometry were performed. The result showed that asthma in 88% of the children had an atopic background. Above 70% of the children had allergic diseases other than asthma--the most common was allergic rhinitis (54%) and atopic dermatitis (37.5%). Skin tests revealed that the examined children were mostly sensitized to the allergens of house dust (85.7%), house dust mite (66.6%), and grass pollen (33.3%). Atopic features were also found in children suffering from recurrent bronchitis.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2004
PMID:[Occurrence of atopy in asthmatic children]. 1602 89

Acute respiratory infections are the most common diseases in all age groups in the world. Lower respiratory infections are the main reason of death, hospitalization and antibiotic use in immunocomprised patients and/or patients with respiratory system chronic diseases. The leading role plays viruses: rhinoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), adnenoviruses and coronaviruses. The "youngest" pathogen in this group are human metapneumowiruses (hMPV), identified in 2001. They are the reason of infections in infants, older adults and immunocomprised patients. Manifestation of the infection can have a form from a self-limiting upper respiratory tract inflammation, through bronchitis (in adults), bronchiolitis (in infants) and pneumonitis (in infants and adults), and extremely of severe acute respiratory failure with a need of mechanical ventilation. The authores describe microbiological, epidemiological and clinical features on infection with hMPVs.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005 Nov
PMID:[Metapneumoviruses--the "youngest" pathogens of respiratory tract infections in human]. 1649 16

Influenza viruses represent Orthomyxoviridae family. Spherical virions are 80-120 nm in diameter and have two-layer lipid envelope. The following proteins are coded by 8 or 7 segments of the single-stranded RNA: nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase PB2, PB1 and PA, member protein--M1 and M2, glycoproteins--hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA and NA form spikes on the virion surface. On the basis of antigenic differences there are distinguished three types of influenza virus-A, B and C. Besides, influenza A viruses occur in different subtypes, depending on the features of HA and NA. One of influenza characteristics is its antigenic changeability: antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Infection occurs by droplet route, sometimes through direct contact with infected person or surface. Influenza virus attacks epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract, where replication takes place resulting in the production of approximately 1000 of progeny virions during a single 6-12 h cycle in one cell. Necrosis of ciliary cells of mucosa facilitates invasion of bacterial pathogens. Incubation period lasts on average 1-2 days. Influenza illness without complications characterizes the sudden onset of respiratory symptoms and systemic symptoms. Regression of symptoms usually occurs after 3-5 days, but cough and malaise may be observed for over 2 weeks. Reasons for the severe course of the disease or even death are post-influenza complications, e.g. viral pneumonia and bronchitis, bronchiolitis in children, secondary bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, myocarditis and pericarditis, Reye's syndrome, myositis, myoglobinuria, neurological complications and exacerbation of existing chronic diseases. In the case of influenza there is no possible to make the unquestionable diagnosis only on the basis of clinical picture of the disease. Therefore in some circumstances there is important to make some diagnostic laboratory tests as RT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay or isolation of virus and detection of the specific antibodies. The main determinants of the immunity to influenza virus infection are antihemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibodies and antineuraminidase antibodies (anti-NA). The former play fundamental role for the protection against the infection, while anti-NA antibodies limit virus spreading and contribute to a milder course of the disease. In the response to influenza infection there are observed serum immunoglobulines IgG and IgM (after the first contact with the antigen), while immunoglobulines IgA are produced rarely. The latter are produced locally in the high concentrations on the mucus of respiratory tract. Cellular immunological response is important for recovery from influenza where a significant role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes should be emphasized. These lymphocytes are able to kill infected cells in the earliest phases of replication before the progeny virions are formed.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2006 Sep
PMID:[Various sides of influenza, part I--structure, replication, changeability of influenza viruses, clinical course of the disease, immunological response and laboratory diagnostics]. 1716 90

Antihistamines are very popular cold treatments. 9640 prescriptions (4069 men and 5391 women) were analysed during the January -March 2006 period. The informations of polish doctors opinions were gathered from questionnaires. The patients studied suffered from respiratory infections (common cold - 32%, laryngitis - 21%, sinusitis - 19%, bronchitis - 18%, tonsillitis - 10%). In 1621 (16.8%) persons antibiotics were applied. Among them the most common amoxycilline (41%), macrolides (26,4%) and cephalosporines (22.8%) were prescribed. The coexistence of repiratory infection with allergic disease was confirmed in 6181 (65%) patients. The combination of antihistamine - cetirizine (Alermed, Lekam, Poland) with other medications were applied in every patient treatment. Anti-inflammatory properties in 36%, allergy in anamnesis in 14% and allergic symptoms in 28% were pointed out by polish doctors as the main reasons for prescriptions of cetirizine. Only 7% of doctors admitted in survey that they always prescribed antihistmines for respiratory infections. Duration of illness was shorter than seven days in most patients. In polish doctors opinions cetirizine may be applied in respiratory infections, because of its effects in alleviating clinical symptoms and in shortening of illness duration. Especially this treatment is indicated when coexistence of respiratory infection with allergic disease is confirmed. Additionally cetirizine is safe and good tolerated drug. However, further controlled studies are necessary to confirm these data.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2006 Nov
PMID:[Cetirizine and respiratory tract infections in opinion of Polish doctors]. 1734 39

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of some selected bacteriological factors on the occurrence of subglottic laryngitis in children. The research covered 72 children hospitalized in the Children's Hospital in Warsaw with the following symptoms: dry barking cough, stridor, inspiratory dyspnoea with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, agitation and change of colour of skin. Subglottic laryngitis is one of the acute children's diseases, directly caused by a violently growing odema of the subglottic area. The disease constitutes 5-8% of all severe airways inflammations and states that subglottic laryngitis is responsible for 6.5% off all lower airways inflammation cases. Based on preliminary examinations, the patients were divided into two groups--one of them composed of 41 patients with simultaneous atopy, the other--of 31 patients with no atopy symptoms. The examination of each patient included subjective, objective (pediatric and laryngological) and auxiliary (primary-blood cell count, OB and specialized-bacteriological tests) examinations. Own research showed that out of 72 patients with subglottic laryngitis 56.95% had bacterial symptoms. 90.32% in non atopic group have higher NBT test, in atopic children it was 39.02%. We observed that 50.51% of the patients suffering from subglottic laryngitis had an inflammation of upper airways (otitis media, rhinitis, pharyngitis) and 13.89% of lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonitis). Many authors incline to say that bacteria may be a conductive factor for subglottic laryngitis to develop. However, many factors seem to suggest that the occurrence and symptoms of subglottic laryngitis are primarily caused by the reaction to an infection. The impact of bacteria onto the etiopathogenesis of subglottic laryngitis has been discussed for many years. Some experts are of the opinion that the disease develops on the bacteriologic background.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005 Feb
PMID:[The role of the bacterial inflammation in subglottic laryngitis in children]. 1787 17


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