Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure was developed for the detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in chicken trachea, chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), infected hepatoma cells and infectious cell culture supernatant. Samples were prepared by dilution in distilled water. After boiling and low speed centrifugation, samples were used for PCR analysis with two primers without special labeling. The PCR analysis for ILT virus could be completed in less than 8 h. Standard agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products revealed a prominent band of 300 base-pairs in samples from ILTV-infected specimens, but not from specimens containing Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian adenovirus, fowlpox virus, Pachecoz or Marek's disease virus. One single ILTV infected cell or 10 plaque forming units of ILTV could be detected with this procedure. The procedure can be used for the identification of ILTV and the differentiation of ILTV from other avian respiratory tract infectants.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis from other avian respiratory diseases by a simplified PCR procedure. 771 54

The Hanshin earthquake occurred on January 17, 1995, causing considerable disruption at our hospital due to lack of water and gas supplies for about 5-6 weeks after the earthquake. We admitted 63 cardiac patients as emergencies during first 3 weeks, including 32 with congestive heart failure, 6 with unstable angina, 8 with acute myocardial infarction and 17 with other diseases. Congestive heart failure occurred mainly in aged patients who suffered from upper respiratory infection or bronchitis. We were obliged to send 20 critically ill cardiac patients to other cardiac centers by helicopter or ambulance, because no intensive care could be provided. Major and high grade hospital functions cannot be achieved in earthquake areas.
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PMID:[Cardiac emergencies after the Hanshin (Kobe-Osaka) earthquake]. 775 55

The objective of the present study was to establish the occurrence of Chlamydia pneumoniae by direct detection in gargled-water specimens obtained from 193 children suffering from acute or chronic respiratory infections. Specimens were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), a genus-specific antigen enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pathogen was detected in three children by PCR only. As underlying disease, chronic obstructive bronchitis resistant to therapy was reported. In two of the children, the presence of pneumonia could be verified by X-ray. With a detection threshold of target DNA obtained from two inclusion forming units (IFU), the PCR proved clearly more sensitive than EIA becoming positive at levels of 100 IFU and above. No interpretable results could be obtained for the IIF.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in gargled-water specimens of children. 775 82

1. The acute effects of challenge with Australian T-strain infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) on renal function were evaluated, following primary vaccination in 1-d-old male broilers. 2. Challenge with T-strain IBV decreased body weight and induced kidney hypertrophy and kidney asymmetry. 3. Haematocrit was reduced in birds challenged with the Australian T-strain IBV and plasma uric acid was elevated in unvaccinated birds exposed to the IBV challenge. 4. Challenge with T-strain IBV caused significant increases in urinary water losses, accompanied by decreased urine osmolality and increased fractional excretion of sodium, calcium and potassium. 5. Vaccination at 1-d-old with Vic S-strain IBV provided a limited degree of protection against an heterologous challenge with T-strain IBV at 15 d of age.
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PMID:Effect of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses on renal function in young male broiler chickens. 795 88

In order to study the effect of carbocisteine on the mucociliary function of the respiratory tract, we performed a double-blind study on rats with SO2-induced (400 ppm) hypersecretion. During the experimental bronchitis, the treated group of rats received carbocisteine through a stomach tube at a dose level of 500 mg/kg for 15 days, whereas the untreated group of rats received distilled water. After killing the rats, and following lung excision, the respiratory mucus was scraped off and collected by using a glass capillary. The mucus degree of purulence was macroscopically estimated and the mucus transport rate was measured by using the frog palate technique. The mean mucus relative transport rate, measured on the frog palate, was 0.60 +/- 0.17 in the untreated group and was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the treated group (0.73 +/- 0.14). Carbocisteine also significantly altered (P < 0.01) the mucus macroscopical aspect, leading to a decrease in the number of rats with purulent mucus. These results suggest that carbocisteine maintains an efficient mucus transport rate, leading to a less infected respiratory tract.
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PMID:Carbocisteine improves the mucociliary transport rate in rats with SO2-induced bronchitis. 850 Jul 84

The clinical signs, enteritis, weight depression, and hypoglycemia of spiking mortality syndrome were experimentally reproduced in broiler breeders and broiler chicks. Inocula included 1) virus-like particles from intestines of chicks with spiking mortality syndrome that had been banded in a discontinuous Renograffin gradient, 2) homogenized darkling beetles collected from litter of farms where spiking mortality syndrome had occurred repeatedly, and 3) homogenized embryos which had been inoculated with the Renograffin-banded material. Arkansas variant infectious bronchitis virus and arenavirus-like particles were identified in the inocula. Serology on samples from surviving chicks suggested the presence of an avian encephalomyelitis virus in one of the inocula. One-day-old (n = 172) and 2.5-day-old (n = 30) chicks were inoculated orally, and some were also injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, with 0.5 ml of the inocula. Twelve to fourteen days postinoculation, chicks were fasted for 4-6 hours, then briefly stressed with a cool water spray. Within 1.5 hours, inoculated chicks began dying with severe hypoglycemia and clinical signs of spiking mortality syndrome. Body weights were significantly depressed. Uninoculated controls (n = 130) from the same hatches, also fasted and stressed, were unaffected clinically and were not hypoglycemic. One group (n = 52) of inoculated chicks exposed to a controlled lighting program was unaffected clinically, had significantly higher mean plasma glucose levels, and had significantly less body weight depression than chicks exposed to continuous lighting. We concluded that exposure to controlled amounts of light/darkness can ameliorate much of the hypoglycemia, mortality, and runting-stunting associated with spiking mortality syndrome of chickens. The significance of the viruses and virus-like particles detected in the inocula is currently under investigation.
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PMID:Experimental reproduction of severe hypoglycemia and spiking mortality syndrome using field-derived and embryo-passaged preparations. 871 30

The herb Scoparia dulcis L. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bronchitis, gastric disorders, haemorrhoids, insect bites and skin wounds, and in oriental medicine to treat hypertension. A previous study has shown that extracts of S. dulcis have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties; in this work the sympathomimetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis L. has been investigated in rodent preparations in-vivo and in-vitro. Administration of the extract (0.5-2 mg kg-1, i.v.) to anaesthetized rats produced dose-related hypertension blocked by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg kg-1). Partition of the extract in chloroform-water yielded an aqueous phase 20 times more potent than the extract; this produced hypertension in either reserpine-treated or pithed rats. In untreated and reserpine-treated rats the same fraction (1-3 x 10(3) micrograms mL-1) produced concentration-dependent contractions of the vas deferens musculature parallel to those obtained with noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-4)M). Prazosin (10(-7)M) reduced the maximum contractile effect of the aqueous fraction, and shifted the concentration-response curves for noradrenaline to the right. The aqueous fraction (25 and 50 micrograms mL-1) increased the inotropism of electrically driven left atria of rats, the effect being blocked by propranolol (0.4 microgram mL-1). In preparations of guinea-pig tracheal rings the aqueous fraction (1-3 x 10(3) micrograms mL-1) relaxed the muscle contraction induced by histamine (10(-4) M) in proportion to the concentration. The effect was antagonized competitively by propranolol (1.5 microM). High-performance liquid-chromatographic analysis of the aqueous fraction revealed the presence of both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The results indicated that both catecholamines may account for the hypertensive and inotropic effects obtained after parenteral administration of S. dulcis extracts. This sympathomimetic activity is, however, unrelated to the previously reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract, but may explain its effectiveness upon topical application in the healing of mucosal and skin wounds.
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PMID:Sympathomimetic effects of Scoparia dulcis L. and catecholamines isolated from plant extracts. 883 98

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of mouldy homes and their association with respiratory symptoms and diseases in a subarctic climate. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2,000 males and females, aged 25-64 yrs, living in the county of Kuopio, Finland. A total of 1,521 (76%) responded and 1,460 were selected for the final analysis. The prevalence of homes with visible mould was 4%; with the odour of mould 5%; with damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 15%; and with moisture/ water damage, damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 23%. The number of reports of bronchitis, common cold, atopy, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, fever and chills, hoarseness, fatigue, difficulties in concentration, lumbar backache and stomach ache were strongly associated with living in a damp home. Bronchitis, hoarseness and difficulties in concentration had the strongest associations, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence limits) of: 2.04 (1.49-2.78), 2.23 (1.37-3.63) and 2.17 (1.35-3.50), respectively. After controlling for a possible reporting bias by excluding those subjects reporting lumbar backache and recurrent stomach pain, eye irritation and tiredness remained significant. In conclusion, living in a home with mould problems may increase the risk of respiratory infections and symptoms in adults.
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PMID:Home dampness, moulds and their influence on respiratory infections and symptoms in adults in Finland. 898 Sep 78

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the effect of various infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (strain H-120) vaccine doses and routes of immunization on specific lacrimal and serum antibody responses. The results of the first trial showed that the maximum dose, 10(6) median embryo infective doses (EID50s), delivered by the ocular route elicited both a systemic and a local antibody response in the vaccinated chickens. Lower doses of vaccinal virus, 10(4) (median dose) and 10(2) (minimum dose) EID50 delivered by the same route did not induce a detectable systemic antibody response. A significant increase of IBV-specific lacrimal IgA was elicited by both the maximum and the median vaccine doses. The low vaccine dose (10(2) EID50) did not induce a detectable increase of lacrimal IgA. In a second trial approximately the same vaccine dose was administered to different chicken groups by ocular instillation, drinking water, spray, and cloaca. The results showed that all routes of vaccination tested, including the cloacal route, resulted in an increase of specific serum antibodies. Higher IgG levels were detected throughout the experimental period after vaccination by the ocular route as compared with vaccination via the drinking water. All routes of vaccination tested resulted in an increase of specific IgA in lacrimal fluid. The vaccine application methods spray, ocular instillation, and drinking water induced similar lacrimal IgA responses.
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PMID:Infectious bronchitis: effect of viral doses and routes on specific lacrimal and serum antibody responses in chickens. 920 3

There is evidence that indoor air pollution contributes to the development of respiratory symptoms. This study examined the relationships between dampness in houses and respiratory symptoms in 4,164 primary school children in the subtropical rural areas of the Kaohsiung region, Taiwan. Dampness in homes was assessed by questionnaires that reported 1) general dampness, 2) mold or mildew inside the home, or 3) flooding (appearance of standing water within the home, water damage, or leaks of water into the building). Evidence for upper and lower respiratory symptoms were also collected by questionnaires. Recorded symptoms included cough, wheezing, pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma. Degrees of dampness were reported as 12.2%, 30.1%, and 43.4%, respectively by the parents or guardians of the study population. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was consistently higher in homes with indications of dampness than in non-damp homes. After adjustments for potential confounders, selected respiratory symptoms among the childhood population were significantly higher in damp than non-damp homes, with the exception of pneumonia. We conclude that dampness in the home is a strong predictor of and risk factor for respiratory symptoms and constitutes a significant public health problem in subtropical area.
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PMID:Damp housing conditions and respiratory symptoms in primary school children. 929 97


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